GENETIC TYPES AND DEVELOPMENT CHARACTERISTICS OF GAS CHIMNEYS IN THE QIONGDONGNAN BASIN AND THEIRCONTROL ON HYDRATE ACCUMULATION
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摘要:
气烟囱是深水油气（水合物）垂向运移的重要通道，其形成及演化机制与油气运聚及水合物成藏具有密切的成因联系。琼东南盆地中新世以来具有生烃作用强烈、流体活动较普遍的特点，导致气烟囱分布也较广泛。基于琼东南盆地的地震资料，主要从研究区气烟囱地震反射特征、气烟囱规模及气烟囱成因类型划分3方面入手，结合气烟囱底部埋藏深度、能量强弱和底部环境等因素将琼东南盆地深水区气烟囱类型划分为4类，即浅层低能量断层裂隙控制型气烟囱、浅层高能量低凸起控制型气烟囱、中层中能量低凸起控制型气烟囱、中层高能量低凸起控制型气烟囱。在此基础上重点探讨了气烟囱对水合物运聚成藏的影响，揭示了气烟囱既对水合物运聚成藏具有通道及指示作用，也对水合物藏具有破坏作用的多重性特点，同时，进一步深入分析了琼东南盆地气烟囱分布规律与形成模式。总之，对琼东南盆地气烟囱发育特征、成因类型及形成机理的深入分析，将有助于琼东南盆地油气运聚通道体系的建立，进而综合剖析油气及水合物运聚成藏条件，指导其地质评价及其勘探部署等。
Abstract:Gas chimney is an important channel for vertical movement of hydrocarbon in deep waters. Its formation and evolution are closely related to hydrocarbon migration and accumulation. Since Miocene, the Qiongdongnan Basin has been characterized by strong hydrocarbon generation and fluid activities, which lead to the wide distribution of gas chimneys. It is of great significance to study the development characteristics and genetic types of the gas chimneys in the Qiongdongnan Basin for the establishment of oil and gas migration and accumulation channel systems, the analysis of oil and gas hydrate migration and accumulation conditions, and providing guidelines for oil and gas (hydrate) evaluation, exploration and deployment. Based on the seismic data from the Qiongdongnan Basin, this paper starts with the description of the seismic reflection characteristics of gas chimneys in the study area, the scale of gas chimneys and the genetic classification of gas chimneys. Combined with the depth of the bottom of gas chimneys, the energy strength and the bottom environment, the genetic types of gas chimneys in the deep water area of Qiongdongnan Basin are classified as follows: shallow low energy fault-fissure-controlled gas chimneys, shallow high energy and low-rise-controlled gas chimneys, middle medium energy and low-rise-controlled gas chimneys, middle high energy and low-rise-controlled gas chimneys. We believe that gas chimneys not only act as channels and indicator of hydrate migration and accumulation, but also have multiple characteristics of the destruction of hydrate deposits. On this basis, we further analyzed the distribution and formation patterns of gas chimneys in the Qiongdongnan Basin.
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表 1 琼东南盆地南部深水区气烟囱分布基本参数
Table 1. Parameters of gas chimney distribution in the southern deep water area of the Qiongdongnan Basin
气烟囱
编号高度/m 长轴/m 短轴/m 发育位置 1 574 2 800 2 800 陵南低凸起 2 850 3 525 3 225 陵南低凸起 3 1 020 4 350 4 100 北礁凹陷 4 808 2 925 1 475 北礁凹陷 5 604 738 550 北礁凹陷 6 553 975 900 北礁凹陷 7 604 825 550 北礁凹陷 8 714 1 975 1 413 北礁凹陷 9 604 3 300 2 775 北礁凹陷 10 480 1 138 425 北礁凹陷 11 850 4 075 3 350 松南低凸起 12 744 4 500 1 600 松南低凸起 13 697 1 750 1 738 松南低凸起 14 442 1 575 1 125 松南低凸起 
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