Characteristics of submarine hydrate pingos and mud volcanoes and their effects on gas hydrate accumulation
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摘要:
海底水合物丘与泥火山均属于不同相态流体向上运移排出至地表过程中的产物，与这2种特殊地质体相关的浅表层天然气水合物具有独特的成藏过程和赋存规律，同时，它们也都是富碳流体排放的重要途径。然而，由于对这2种地质体缺少系统的调查，加之对浅表层天然气水合物资源和碳泄漏过程的研究程度不高，当前在海底水合物丘与泥火山特征刻画及准确甄别上还存在障碍，导致难以科学地评价与其伴生的水合物资源的聚集过程及环境效应。通过总结已有海底水合物丘与泥火山的阶段性研究工作，对该2种特殊地质体从地貌特征、内部结构、形成机制等方面开展比较研究，系统分析了二者的演化过程以及对与之相关的天然气水合物聚集过程的影响，并讨论了2种地质体的区别与联系。本研究可为理解全球海底富碳流体的排放及其对海洋碳循环的贡献以及海底浅表层天然气水合物资源量的评价提供参考。
Abstract:Submarine hydrate pingos and mud volcanos are both the products of upward migration and discharge of fluids in different phases to the surface. The shallow gas hydrate reservoirs related to these two special geological bodies have unique formation process and occurrence, and at the same time, they are also an important way of carbon-rich fluid emission. However, due to the lack of systematic investigation and research about these two geological bodies, and the lack of attention to shallow gas hydrate resources and carbon leakage, there are still obstacles in fine characterization and accurate discrimination of submarine hydrate pingos and mud volcanoes. This makes it difficult to scientifically evaluate the accumulation process and environmental effects of their associated gas hydrate resources. In this study, by summarizing the existing researches on the submarine hydrate pingos and mud volcanos, the two special geological bodies are compared from the aspects of geomorphic characteristics, internal structure and formation mechanism. The evolution the process of the two geological bodies and their influence on the related gas hydrate accumulation process are systematically analyzed, and the essential differences and relations between the two geological bodies are discussed. We hope this study might provide an important reference for the research on submarine carbon leakage and its contribution to the carbon cycle, as well as the evaluation of global shallow gas hydrate resources.
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Key words:
- submarine gas hydrate pingo /
- mud volcano /
- gas hydrate /
- accumulation process /
- carbon emission
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表 1 海底水合物丘与泥火山特征对比
Table 1. Comparison of characteristics between submarine hydrate pingo and mud volcano
分类特征 海底水合物丘 泥火山 规模 微型至小型 小型至巨型 分布 相对局限 相对广泛 地貌 穹窿状、表面多坑洼 锥状或圆顶状、有中心喷口 BSR特征 位于其底部、与地层平行 位于其两翼、相对地层上拉 表层沉积物 具有自生碳酸盐岩、年代新 具有深部物质、年代老 控制因素 断层、富烃流体 构造作用、超压流体等 演化模式 幕式形成与消亡 持续演化、周期性喷发 水合物赋存 透镜体状 环带状 
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