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摘要:
大洋钻探在海底泥面钻孔，需要解决钻探过程泥面坍塌和钻具反复重入钻孔的问题。重入锥是大洋钻探钻孔重入的专用装置，可采用自由落体和跟管钻进2种方式部署。自由落体式重入锥是一种临时性重入井口，用于支撑短期内钻孔重入，而采用跟管钻进工艺部署的重入锥井口，可作为一种永久性的海底装置，支撑现阶段乃至以后多航次的钻孔重入。笔者介绍了钻孔重入和跟管钻进技术的原理、关键器具和工艺流程，并总结了首次浅海试验情况。通过浅海试验验证了重入锥与跟管钻进同步部署工艺流程的可行性，测试了自研套管送入工具及张敛式随钻扩孔器的功能性，发现了送入工具在密封结构方面存在的不足，为进一步开展深海复杂地层钻孔重入和跟管钻进技术研究奠定了理论和实践基础。
Abstract:It is necessary to solve the problems of mud surface collapse and drilling tool reentry in ocean drilling operation. Reentry cone is a special device for ocean drilling reentry, which can be deployed in two ways: Free-Fall Funnel （FFF） and Reentry Cone and Casing （RECC）. The FFF is a temporary reentry wellhead designed to support reentry in a short term, while the RECC can be used as a permanent subsea device to support drilling reentry in the current and future voyaging. In this paper, we introduce the principle, key tools, and process of RECC, and summarize our first shallow sea test, in which the feasibility of simultaneous deployment process of reentry cone and casing was verified, and the functionality of our newly-developed running tool and underreamer-while-drilling was tested. The shortcomings of the running tool in sealing structure were found. This study lays a theoretical and practical foundation for further research on drilling reentry and drilling-in casing technology in complex deep-sea scenarios.
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Key words:
- ocean drilling /
- drilling-in casing /
- reentry cone /
- running tool /
- underreamer while drilling
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扩孔器系列/型号 所属公司 刀翼类型 刀翼控制方式 刀翼移动方式 Rhino XS和XS2 Schlumberger PDC 投球 滑移 XRTM Halliburton PDC 投球 连杆 GaugePro BakerHughes PDC 投球 滑移 RipTide Weatherford PDC 投球和射频 滑移 Anderreamer NOV PDC 压差或投球 滑移 Rhino XC Schlumberger PDC 压差 滑移 URTM Halliburton PDC 压差 悬臂 Underreamer Tesco PDC 压差 悬臂 DrillingType Underreamer HOC 牙轮 压差 悬臂 Gaugemaster Driller TM Bakersfeild 牙轮 压差 悬臂 
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表 2 “海洋地质十号”船钻探系统参数表
Table 2. Drilling system parameter on the "Marine Geology 10"
项目名称 参数 水深+钻深 ≥600 m 最大地层钻深 400 m 钻柱中心通径 121 mm 井架有效高度
（主甲板钻台面起算）24 m 顶驱最大载荷 60 T 升沉补偿能力
（有效补偿范围）±1.5 m 提升方式 油缸举升 泥浆泵组型号及台数 Gardner Denver Pump-160kW×2台 高压管汇 Ф114.3 mm（外径） ×21 MPa 立管 Ф114.3 mm×17.12 mm（外径×壁厚） 泥浆池容量 约20 m3×2 散料储存量 约25 T 输入电压（船体提供） 三相三线690 V±10%，50 Hz±5%（800 kW）
三相三线380V±10%，50Hz±5%（100kW）气源压力 0.7～1.0 MPa
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表 3 跟管钻进下放重入锥主要钻具参数
Table 3. Main drilling tool parameters of reentry cone and casing
项目名称 参数/ mm 备注 重入锥漏斗大径 Ф2500 自研 泥垫直径 Ф2500 自研 套管规格 Ф244.5 常规 领眼钻头直径
（主甲板钻台面起算）Ф216 常规 张敛式随钻扩孔器扩孔尺寸 Ф216/Ф311 自研 螺杆马达
（有效补偿范围）Ф172 常规 钻杆规格 Ф127 常规
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