Response of Dongying Port project change to seabed erosion and siltation since 1985
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摘要:
河口三角洲区域地质环境脆弱，对环境变化响应敏感，三角洲港口冲淤演变受工程结构影响较大。黄河三角洲的东营港区域以粉砂质海岸为主，区域内泥沙运移活跃，此类区域港口建设的关键问题在于工程结构导致的海床冲淤变化。通过东营港建港以来实测水深数据构建水下地形数字高程模型(DEM)，并结合水动力数值模拟，探讨了东营港冲淤演变过程和工程影响。结果表明，由于波浪和潮流导致的海底地形变化，东营港近岸海域的冲淤演变形势已从单一侵蚀转变到近岸侵蚀、离岸淤积的新情势；工程结构影响局地潮流流速和流向，口门处出现高速横流，最大流速可达0.7 m/s；高流速导致北防波堤的堤头位置出现直径约1 km的冲刷坑；工程结构的遮蔽区有促淤效应，遮蔽区大小与潮流流向、工程结构-岸线夹角有关，但在波浪、余流的作用下，2007—2015年工程结构遮蔽区依旧存在0.5 m以上的侵蚀。持续的侵蚀作用使海域防波堤和海堤的不稳定性加剧，迫切需要加强检测与防护。
Abstract:The geological environment in estuarine delta region is fragile and sensitive to natural and anthropological changes, and the evolution of alluvial siltation in delta port is influenced by engineering structures. Dongying Port in the Yellow River Delta is dominated by silty sands and active sediment transport. The key issue of engineering in such an area is the change of sea bed flushing and siltation caused by engineering structure. By applying the digital elevation model (DEM) of underwater topography constructed by the measured bathymetry data since the construction of Dongying Port in combination of numerical hydrodynamic simulation, the evolution of the siltation process and engineering impact of Dongying Port were explored. Results show that, due to the change of seafloor topography caused by waves and tides, the situation of siltation in the near-shore area of Dongying Port has evolved from single erosion to near-shore erosion and offshore siltation. The engineering structure affected the local tidal flow velocity and direction, and a high-speed cross-current with a maximum velocity of 0.7 m/s appeared at the mouth gate, which led to a scour pit with a diameter of about 1 km at the head of the north breakwater. The sheltered area of the engineering structure had a siltation-promoting effect, and the size of the sheltered area was related to the tidal flow direction and the angle between the engineering structure and the shoreline. However, under the action of waves and residual currents, more than 0.5 m erosion still existed in the sheltered area from 2007 to 2015. The persistent erosion has increased the instability of sea breakwaters and seawalls. Therefore, it is urgent to strengthen the detection and protection of the port.
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波高H/m 周期T/s 频率P/% 波高H/m 周期T/s 频率P/% 0.1 1.7 8.82 2.1 6.5 0.52 0.3 3 25.83 2.3 6.4 1.03 0.5 3.5 25.99 2.5 6.8 1.03 0.7 4 13.28 2.7 6.9 0.46 0.9 4.3 10.48 2.9 6.5 0.11 1.1 4.9 4.35 3.1 5.8 0.117 1.3 5.1 3.13 3.3 5 0.11 1.5 5.2 0.86 3.5 6 0.11 1.7 5.6 2.4 3.7 5.5 0.06 1.9 5.8 1.26 
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