Automatic land subsidence monitoring system based on weak-reflection fiber gratings
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摘要:
光纤监测技术具有分布式、精度高等特点，在地面沉降监测中具有独特优势。但受限于监测成本较高与监测环境复杂，目前地面沉降光纤监测多通过人工采集数据，限制了在特殊环境变化情况下地面沉降的实时信息获取。文章在地面沉降钻孔全断面光纤监测技术的基础上，设计并建立了基于弱光栅技术的地面沉降自动化监测系统。该监测系统利用弱反射光栅、时分复用、物联网和数据库等技术，通过4G无线通信手段实现了地面沉降在线自动化监测和远程数据实时采集，并通过客户端系统软件实现数据的存储、查询和分析。将其应用到衡水地区地面沉降监测中，结果表明：钻孔内土层压缩变形主要发生在以黏性土为主的隔水层（Ad2、Ad3、Ad4）；受季节性地下水开采的影响，钻孔100～400 m深度范围内砂土含水层存在波动变化，在监测期内，冬季略回弹，随后春季地下水开采量增大，地下水位下降，土层呈现压缩趋势。监测结果验证了该系统的可行性与准确性，使得整个地面沉降监测流程趋于自动化、规范化和低成本化，具有广泛的应用前景。
Abstract:Fiber optic sensing technique has the features of distributed and high-precision measurement, especially in land subsidence monitoring. Due to the high cost and complicated environment, the monitoring data is mostly collected manually and it limits the real-time acquisition of land subsidence performance under special circumstances. Based on full-section monitoring of land subsidence in boreholes using the distributed fiber optic sensing (DFOS) technique, the automatic land subsidence monitoring system based on weak-reflection fiber gratings is proposed and established in Hengshui, China. The system utilizes the techniques of weak-reflection fiber gratings, time division multiplexing, Internet of Things, database, and 4G network, then realizes automatic monitoring of land subsidence and real-time remote data collection. Through the client system software to realize the data storage, query, and analysis. The monitoring results show that the compressive deformation of the soil occurs at aquitards (Ad2, Ad3, Ad4). For the aquifers which composed of sand soil (100～400 m depth), there is a fluctuating change which influenced by seasonal extraction of the groundwater. Consequently, a slight rebound occurs in winter and then compresses in spring. The feasibility and accuracy of the system have been verified in the field investigation, and the system makes the process of monitoring more automatic, standard, and cost-effective.
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Key words:
- land subsidence /
- DFOS /
- weak-reflection fiber gratings /
- automatic monitoring
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表 1 弱光栅感测光缆参数
Table 1. Weak-reflection FBG sensing cable parameters
光纤类型 纤芯数量 光栅中心
波长/mm反射率/
%应变测试
量程/με光缆直径/
mm定点间距/
mG.652 1 1527～1568 0.01 15000 7.2 ≥0.5 
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表 2 柜式密集准分布式光纤解调仪技术指标
Table 2. Technical specifications of cabinet compact quasi-distributed optical fiber demodulator
参数类型 参数值 参数类型 参数值 测量范围 波长：40 nm 最大测量长度 20 km 应变：4% 单通道传感点容量 1500 分辨精度 波长：1 pm 通道数 4 应变：1 με 动态范围 20 dB 测量精度 波长：3 pm 采集速率 0.1~0.5 Hz 应变：3 με 工作温度 −5～45 ℃ 空间分辨精度 1 m 定位精度 0.5 m 设备尺寸 590 mm×325 mm×
80 mm设备重量 12 kg 接口类型 USB，RJ45 功耗 75 W
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表 3 钻孔含水层组划分
Table 3. Division of borehole aquifer groups
地层 深度/m 含水层组划分 土层性质 组 层 Qh 0～65 I 隔水层（0～55） 粉质黏土 含水层（55～65） 粉细砂 Qp1 65～170 II 隔水层（65～120，140～170） 粉质黏土 含水层（120～140） 粉砂 Qp2 170～364 III 隔水层（170～242） 粉质黏土夹粉砂 含水层（242～364） 细砂夹粉质黏土 Qp3 364～535 IV 隔水层（364～458，502～535） 黏土夹细砂 含水层（458～502） 细-中-粗砂夹黏土
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