A study of the well-forming technology of a cluster monitoring well
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摘要:
随着人类经济社会活动的加剧，地下水遭受污染的范围和强度不断加大，尤其是浅层地下水面临污染的风险更大。如何及时发现并科学评价浅层地下水污染程度和治理的效果，迫切需要简单易行、有效可靠的浅层地下水分层监测井。传统的浅层地下水分层监测井存在占地多，监测层位少等问题，巢式监测井监测5层，连续多通道监测井口径小，因此有必要研究即占地少，又能监测多层，而且监测井井管口径能满足不同种类监测仪器的安装要求。通过室内和野外试验，研究了集束式浅层地下水分层监测井建设过程中止水方法、止水材料、粒径、止水层厚度及止水效果检验、下管方式等关键技术，实现同一孔内监测100 m以内的多层含水层或多个含水段的分层监测，施工口径小，占用土地少，建设成本经济。集束式监测井可以应用到地下水监测、环境污染调查研究等多个领域，该研究将为集束式浅层地下水分层监测井建设施工提供理论依据和技术支撑，使未来的监测更加精细化、准确化，为今后监测井的发展提供新的思路和研究方向。
Abstract:With the intensification of human economic and social activities, the scope and intensity of groundwater pollution (especially the risk of shallow groundwater pollution) are increasing. It is urgent to develop simple, effective and reliable monitoring wells for detecting and evaluating the pollution degree of shallow groundwater in time. The traditional single-well, single-layer and shallow groundwater stratified monitoring wells have many problems, such as too much land occupied and few monitoring layers achieved. Nested monitoring wells are usually used to monitor 5 layers. Moreover, the diameter of the continuous multi-channel monitoring wells is too small, therefore, it is necessary to study the monitoring instruments occupying small area can monitor the multiple layer, and to design the well tube diameter to meet the installation requirements. Therefore, based on the principles of introduction, digestion and re-innovation, this paper mainly studies the method of stopping water in the course of construction of cluster shallow groundwater layered monitoring well through indoor and field tests, water sealing material-clay ball composition, particle size and compression test, water sealing layer thickness and water sealing effect test, down pipe method and other key procedures, to achieve the monitoring of the same hole within 100 m of the multi-layer aquifer or multi-layer aquifer monitoring. Moreover, the construction caliber is small and takes up less land, and the construction cost is more economical. Cluster monitoring wells can be used in many fields such as groundwater monitoring, environmental pollution investigation and research. The research will provide theoretical basis and technical support for the construction of cluster shallow groundwater stratified monitoring wells. It will make the future monitoring more precise and accurate, and provide a new idea and research direction for the development of our country's monitoring wells in the future.
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表 1 不同止水厚度的渗水速率
Table 1. Seepage rate at different water-stop thicknesses
管号 砾料层厚度/m 黏土球厚度/m 渗水速率/（m·d−1） 12 h 24 h 36 h 48 h 60 h 1 0.2 0.5 0.5 0.42 0.38 0.34 0.32 2 0.2 1.0 0.15 0.14 0.12 0.10 0.10 3 0.2 1.5 0.10 0.09 0.08 0.06 0.06 
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表 2 不同水头差的渗水速率
Table 2. Seepage rate at different water levels
管号 黏土球厚度/m 水头差/m 渗水速率/（m·d−1） 12 h 24 h 36 h 48 h 1 1.5 0.5 0 0 0 0 2 1.5 1.0 0 0 0 0 3 1.5 1.5 0 0 0 0 4 1.5 2.0 0 0 0 0
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表 3 不同管间距的渗水速率
Table 3. Seepage rate at different tube spacing
管号 管间距/mm 渗水速率/（m·d−1） 12 h 24 h 36 h 48 h 60 h 4 10 0.25 0.23 0.21 0.21 0.20 7 20 0.11 0.08 0.06 0.06 0.06
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表 4 不同下管方式的渗水速率
Table 4. Seepage rate of different down pipe ways
管号 下管方式 渗水速率/（m·d−1） 12 h 24 h 36 h 48 h 60 h 7 集中下管 0.11 0.08 0.065 0.064 0.064 8 逐次下管 0.12 0.10 0.08 0.068 0.067
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表 5 不同直径黏土球对渗水速率的影响
Table 5. Influence of clay ball with different diameters on the seepage rate
管号 黏土球直径/mm 黏土球厚度/m 渗水速率/（m·d−1） 12 h 24 h 36 h 48 h 60 h 2 15 1.0 0.15 0.14 0.12 0.10 0.10 6 50 1.0 0.32 0.265 0.24 0.22 0.205
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表 6 黏土球充实厚度及最终渗水速率
Table 6. Sedimentation thickness of the clay ball and the final seepage rate of the clay ball
管号 黏土球高度/
m砾料高度/
m沉淀24 h后高度/
m压缩比/
%渗水速率
（60 h）/（m·d−1）1 0.5 0 0.48 4 0.32 2 1.0 0 0.96 4 0.10 3 1.5 0 1.44 4 0.06 4 1.5 0.3 1.39 7.3 0.20 5 0.5 0.3 0.44 13 0.27 0.5 0.3 0.51 15 6 1.0 0.5 0.89 11 0.205 7 1.5 0 1.42 5.3 0.064 8 1.5 0 1.43 4.7 0.067
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