A study of the application of turbine coring drilling technology to hot dry rock drilling
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摘要:
我国干热岩勘探刚刚起步。为准确评价干热岩型地热资源的资源量，需要钻获高质量的干热岩岩心，但目前针对高温、高硬度、高研磨工况下的干热岩取芯钻进工艺研究较少，严重制约了干热岩型地热资源的准确评价。为此，自主研发了Φ127 mm涡轮钻具，在福建漳州HDR-1井和青海共和GR1井进行了干热岩钻井取芯应用研究，研究验证了研发的涡轮钻具与KT-140取芯钻具的适配性、涡轮钻具与金刚石取芯钻头的匹配性，揭示了高温和硬岩井况下涡轮钻具工作特性，经受住了孔底236 ℃高温考验，钻获了高质量岩心，取得了涡轮钻具现场测试应用的各项参数；涡轮取芯钻进工艺与常规取芯钻进工艺相比，既充分发挥了涡轮钻具高转速的性能，也发挥了其耐高温、耐研磨、耐高地应力、使用寿命长和现场劳动强度低的特性，干热岩取芯钻速和质量大大提高。该工艺是高温深孔干热岩井下动力回转钻具驱动取芯钻头进行取芯钻进的首次成功尝试，为干热岩涡轮钻具复合取芯钻井技术的进一步科研攻关、现场试验与推广应用提供了宝贵的施工应用经验和借鉴，也将为我国干热岩科学钻探与深部地热资源勘探提供新的技术支撑。
Abstract:Exploration of hot dry rock in China has just started. In order to accurately evaluate the amount of hot dry rock geothermal resources in China, high-quality hot dry rock drilling cores are needed. However, there are few researches on coring drilling of hot dry rock under the conditions of high temperature, high hardness and high grinding, which seriously restricts the accurate evaluation of hot dry rock geothermal resources. Therefore, independent research and development of the turbodrill Φ127 mm are carried out. The HDR-1 well in Zhangzhou of Fujian and the GR1 well in Gonghe of Qinghai were drilled and the research and application of hot dry rock drilling coring were performed to verify the research and development of turbodrill and the suitability of the KT-140 coring drilling tools and the matching of turbodrill and diamond core bit. The high temperature and hard rock characteristics of turbodrill working under the well conditions are revealed, the test of high temperature of 236 ℃ at the bottom of the bore is withstood, and the application test of turbodrill parameters is obtained. Compared with the conventional coring drilling technology, the turbodrill composite coring drilling technology not only plays an important role in the performance of high rotating speed of the turbodrill, but also makes full use of the characteristics of high temperature resistance, grinding resistance, high ground stress resistance, long service life and low on-site labor intensity, which greatly improves the drilling speed of hot dry rock. The method is of high temperature deep hole hot dry rock underground rotary drill driving core bit coring drilling and is the first successful attempt for hot dry rock of turbodrill coring drilling technology. The field test and application may provide valuable construction experience. The results will also provide a new technical support for hot dry rock scientific drilling and deep geothermal resource exploration in China.
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Key words:
- hot dry rock /
- combined dynamic drilling process /
- turbodrill /
- HDR-1 /
- GR1 /
- Zhangzhou /
- Gonghe
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表 1 钻孔基本情况
Table 1. Basic conditions of drilling
钻孔 位置 孔深/m 孔底温度/℃ 钻机型号 目的地层 HDR-1 福建漳州 4 000 109 ZJ30/1 700 晚白垩世早期细粒花岗岩 GR1 青海共和 3 705 236 大庆130/2 250 古近系三垛组侵入粗粒花岗岩 
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表 2 主要附属设备
Table 2. Main ancillary equipment
设备 参数 现场主要附属设备 缸径/mm 140 150 160 170 180 190 3NB-1300D泥浆泵 排量/ (L·s−1) 28.16 32.32 36.78 41.51 46.54 51.85 压力/MPa 31 27 24 21 19 17 冲程：305 mm； 冲数：120 spm； 标配电机：956 kW 固控设备 振动筛1台型号：ZSL×1.15×2-2；离心机1台型号：LW450-842N 涡轮钻具规格参数 钻具外径132 mm，涡轮长度6.5 m，支撑节长度1.6 m，额定排量15 L/s，制动扭矩900 N·m
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表 3 目的层钻孔结构
Table 3. Borehole structure in the target layer
井号 开钻次序 井深/m 钻头尺寸/mm 套管尺寸/mm 钻机型号 取芯段岩性 HDR-1 三开 2 860 215.9 177.8 ZJ30/1700 晚白垩世早期细粒花岗岩 四开 4 000 152.4 − GR1 三开 3 361 215.9 177.8 大庆130/1700 古近系三垛组侵入中粗粒花岗岩 四开 2 705 152.4 − 大庆130/2250
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表 4 涡轮复合取芯钻进与常规取芯钻进对比
Table 4. Comparison of turbine composite coring drilling and ordinary coring drilling
井号 取芯钻进方式 取芯次数 取芯进尺/m 平均机械
钻速/（m·h−1）岩心采
取率/%HDR-1 常规 25 75 1.03 73.1 复合 6 15 1.52 74.4 对比提高 − − 0.49 1.3 GR1 常规 20 60 1.16 82.2 复合 5 13 1.74 83.6 对比提高 − − 0.58 1.4
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表 5 钻头使用情况
Table 5. Usage of drill bits
使用地点及井号 取芯钻进方式 钻头转速/rpm 单个钻头平均取芯进尺/m 福建漳州HDR-1 常规 93 12.5 复合 550 5.9 对比 − 使用寿命、进尺缩短 青海共和GR1 常规 93 13.6 复合 550 6.3 对比 − 使用寿命、进尺缩短
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