An experimental study of heating tail water treatment of the Lindian geothermal fields in the Northern Songnen Basin
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摘要:
将混入污染物和杂质的地热尾水直接排向地表水体，会造成水、土环境污染，也会造成水资源的浪费。为高效减少地热尾水中污染物，实现供暖地热尾水的无害化排放，以林甸县花园镇供暖地热尾水为例，通过混凝沉淀、超滤、纳滤工艺开展供暖尾水处理的室内实验和中试试验研究，连续监测获取地热尾水各处理工艺运行参数，组合工艺稳定运行期间监测到溶解性总固体浓度由5 824.7 mg/L降为432.40 mg/L、氯化物浓度由3 010.13 mg/L降为194.16 mg/L、氟化物浓度由1.57 mg/L降为0.31 mg/L、硼浓度由4.04 mg/L降为1.62 mg/L。确定该区地热尾水处理的最佳组合工艺为采用超滤运行压力为0.1 MPa，纳滤膜为陶氏NF90，操作压力为0.60 MPa，进水量为0.8 m3/h。室内实验溶解性总固体去除率90.21%～92.49%，氯化物去除率91.63%～93.02%，氟化物去除率96.81%，硼去除率55.20%～55.69%。中试试验溶解性总固体去除率为92.62%；氯化物浓度200 mg/L，氯化物去除率为92.57%；硼浓度1.77 mg/L，硼去除率为55.7%，以上实验结果均达到相关规范标准。试验证明本工艺处理松嫩盆地北部林甸地热田供暖尾水是可行的，解决了供暖尾水处理中资源浪费和尾水回收利用的技术性问题，为地热资源可持续利用提供了新的途径。
Abstract:Direct discharge of geothermal tail water mixed with pollutants and impurities to surface water bodies will cause water and soil environmental pollution and waste of water resources. In order to effectively reduce pollutants in geothermal tail water and realize the harmless discharge of geothermal tail water, this paper takes the geothermal heating tail water of the Huayuan Town in Lindian County to the south of Daqing as an example to carry out the experimental study of tail water treatment. Laboratory and pilot tests are conducted on heating tail water treatment by coagulation sedimentation, ultrafiltration and nanofiltration processes. The operating parameters of the geothermal tailwater treatment process are obtained through continuous monitoring. During the stable operation of the combined process, TDS is detected from 5824.7 mg/L to 432.40 mg/L, chloride from 3010.13 mg/L to 194.16 mg/L, fluoride from 1.57 mg/L to 0.31 mg/L, and boron from 4.04 mg/L to 1.62mg/L. The best combined process for determining the geothermal tail water treatment in this area is to use the coagulant PAC with an ultrafiltration operating pressure of 0.1 MPa. The filter membrane Dow NF90 is employed, the operating pressure is 0.60 MPa, and the inflow is 0.8 m3/h. In this study, the TDS removal rate in the laboratory experiment is between 90.21% and 92.49%, the chloride removal rate between 91.63% and 93.02%, the fluoride removal rate is 96.81%, and the boron removal rate is 55.20%−55.69%. The TDS removal rate in the pilot test is 92.62%, the product water chloride is 200 mg/L, the chloride removal rate is 92.57%, the product water boron is 1.77 mg/L, and the boron removal rate is 55.7%. The above experimental results have reached the relevant standard. The test results confirm that the process of treating tail water in the Lindian geothermal field in southern Songnen Basin is feasible. The treatment solves the technical problems of resource waste and tail water recycling in tail water treatment, and it provides a new way for geothermal resource utilization.
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表 1 地热水化学特征
Table 1. Characteristics of the geothermal water
/(mg·L−1) 地热井代号 TDS 氯化物 氟化物 硼 林热3井 2 478.24 380.30 8.00 4.227 0 林热4井 2 222.05 399.07 8.00 3.812 0 林热5井 2 504.02 434.76 7.00 4.159 5 林热10井 2 529.45 298.44 5.23 − 林热11井 7 129.31 3 416.96 1.375 5.931 6 林热12井 2 568.59 324.82 4.630 5.244 2 林热14井 5 400.69 2 607.32 1.840 7.408 2 林热15井 7 267.77 3 707.67 0.580 6.746 2 林热16井 6 669.91 3 354.56 0.520 1.731 1 林热18井 6 990.02 3 619.40 0.175 5.167 8 林热45井 5 535.69 2 649.69 1.57 4.04 林热49井 2 644.62 397.32 6.90 − 林热50井 2 638.71 401.68 6.15 − 林热51井 2 649.04 392.96 4.65 − 林热52井 2 628.64 406.04 6.15 − 评价标准 <2 000 <350 <2.0 <1.0 注：评价标准为《城市污水再生利用农田灌溉用水水质》（GB 20922-2007）。 
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表 2 花园镇地热尾水水质特征
Table 2. Water quality characteristics of the geothermal tail water in the Huayuan Town
水质指标 评价标准 供暖尾水检测值 BOD5 <80 <0.5 LAS <8.0 <0.05 氯化物 <350 3010 镉 <0.01 <0.005 铅 <0.2 0.09 锌 <2.0 <0.05 挥发酚 <1.0 <0.0003 三氯乙醛 <0.5 <0.08 SS <90 <5 总汞 <0.001 <0.0001 铜 <1.0 <0.01 氰化物 <0.5 <0.001 COD <180 0.57 pH <5.5-8.5 8.38 硫化物 <1.0 <0.005 总砷 <0.1 <0.007 石油类 <10 <0.01 氟化物 <2.0 1.57 粪大肠菌群 <40000 <2 丙烯醛 <0.5 <0.019 TDS <2000 5820 六价铬 <0.1 <0.004 苯 <2.5 <0.02 硼 <1.0 4.04 注：pH值无量纲，类大肠菌群单位为个/L，其他单位均为mg/L。
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表 3 纳滤膜处理效果
Table 3. Processing effect of the nanofiltration membrane
进水/(mg·L−1) NF20纳滤膜 TS80纳滤膜 NF90纳滤膜 出水/(mg·L−1) 截留率/% 出水/(mg·L−1) 截留率/% 出水/(mg·L−1) 截留率/% 0.2 MPa 0.6 MPa 0.2 MPa 0.6 MPa 0.2 MPa 0.6 MPa TDS 5 824.7 3003.61 5.80 48.42 2545.43 23.71 56.30 432.40 91.17 92.58 氯化物 3 010.13 1413.89 5.71 53.03 1437.2 23.85 53.43 194.16 90.38 92.33 氟化物 1.57 0.34 64.78 78.18 0.41 62.01 76.17 0.31 76.29 86.13 硼 4.04 2.21 31.43 45.29 1.83 36.22 54.59 1.62 51.16 59.90
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表 4 处理不同时长后的水质指标残留量
Table 4. Basic control project test results for different times
/(mg·L−1) 水质指标 处理前含量 不同时段出水残留量 第2天 第10天 第22天 TDS 5820 437 466 570 氯化物 3010 216 210 252 氟化物 1.570 0.025 0.027 0.027 硼 4.04 1.81 1.79 1.81
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表 5 不同回收率下的纳滤处理效果及去除率
Table 5. Nanofiltration treatment effect and removal rate under different recovery rates
纳滤回收率/% TDS 氯化物 硼 含量/（mg·L−1） 去除率/% 含量/（mg·L−1） 去除率/% 含量/（mg·L−1） 去除率/% 60 408 92.98 184 93.38 1.65 58.4 65 423 92.23 194 93.54 1.70 57.1 70 470 91.91 202 93.31 1.76 56.2 75 501 91.38 208.22 93.30 1.83 54.4 80 526 90.97 225 92.76 1.89 53.7
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