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摘要:
软岩遇水具有显著的劣化效应，以往研究主要集中于软岩的流变特性，对水-岩作用下软岩的含水损伤研究较少，但水-岩作用下软岩的含水损伤效应对工程建设的指导至关重要。因此，以滇中地区粉砂质泥岩为研究对象，对干燥状态、天然含水率和饱水条件下的粉砂质泥岩试样进行三轴压缩蠕变试验。试验结果表明：（1）不同含水率试样在初始加载阶段产生的应变量均远大于后期逐级加载阶段的应变增加量，且随着含水率的增加初始加载蠕变量逐渐增大；（2）随着含水率的提升，最终蠕变量逐渐增加，试样进入加速蠕变阶段的应力阈值逐渐降低，长期强度也显著降低。根据试验结果，基于损伤理论，引入一个非线性黏塑性体考虑含水情况对蠕变的影响，提出基于经典Burgers模型并具有水-岩作用劣化特征的含水损伤蠕变本构模型。通过1stopt软件辨识参数，并验证了模型的准确性和可适性。研究结果对于滇中红层软岩的含水损伤特性研究提供了一定的参考。
Abstract:Soft rocks have significant degradation effects when they encounter water. Previous studies focused mainly on the rheological properties of soft rocks. Water damage of soft rocks under water-rock reactions was seldom examined. The effects of water damage on soft rocks under water-rock reactions are important in the guidance of project constructions. Therefore, this article takes the silty mudstone in the central Yunnan area as the research object, and the triaxial compression creep test on the silty mudstone samples is performedunder dry conditions, natural water content and saturated water conditions. The test results show that (1) the strain of the samples with different water content during the initial loading stage is much larger than the strain increase in the later stage of the stage loading, and the initial loading creep variable gradually increases with the increasing water content. (2) As the water content increases, the final creep variable gradually increases, and the stress threshold of the sample entering the accelerated creep stage gradually decreases, but the long-term strength is significantly reduced. Based on the test results and the damage theory, a nonlinear viscoplastic body is introduced to consider the effect of water content on creep, and a water damage constitutive model based on the classic Burgers model with water-rock degradation characteristics is proposed. The parameters are identified by the 1stopt software, and the accuracy and adaptability of the model are also verified. The research results can provide a certain reference for the research on the water damage characteristics of the red rock in central Yunnan.
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表 1 粉砂质泥岩全岩矿物含量
Table 1. Full rock mineral contents of thesilty mudstone
矿物 黏土矿物 石英 钾长石 斜长石 方解石 赤铁矿 含量/% 36.6 16.9 4.1 18.3 19.7 4.4 
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表 2 饱和含水率试验结果
Table 2. Saturated water content test result
含水状态 岩样编号 烘干前
质量/g烘干后
质量/g含水率/
(%)平均含水率/
%天然含水率 A1 52.2 51.2 1.92 1.67 A2 54.2 53.4 1.48 A3 49.9 49.1 1.60 饱和含水率 B1 48.7 47.3 2.95 3.02 B2 53.1 51.6 2.90 B3 54.3 52.6 3.23
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表 3 不同含水率抗剪强度参数
Table 3. Shear strength parameters of different water content
含水状态 内摩擦角φ/° 黏聚力C/MPa 干燥状态（0%） 43.52 4.64 天然状态（1.67%） 39.37 4.18 饱水状态（3.02%） 36.48 3.70
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表 4 不同含水率加载方案
Table 4. Loading schemes with different moisture content
含水状态 分级荷载/MPa 干燥状态（0%） 7 14 21 28 35 42 — 天然状态（1.67%） 4 8 12 16 20 24 28 饱水状态（3.02%） 2 4 6 8 10 — —
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表 5 含水损伤蠕变模型参数
Table 5. Parametersused in the water damage creep model
含水状态 加载应力/MPa 
/GPa
/GPa
/（GPa·h）
/（GPa·h）
/（GPa·h）
R2 干燥状态 7 1.68 0.95 82.58 138.21 0.13 0.951 14 1.65 0.93 73.22 120.07 0.15 0.984 21 1.60 0.89 71.85 88.15 0.15 0.932 28 1.58 0.84 68.43 62.49 0.17 0.911 35 1.56 0.82 52.71 49.75 0.12 0.956 42 1.53 0.77 33.58 30.16 2.95 0.16 0.973 天然状态 4 1.4 0.82 71.0 112.4 − 0.12 0.965 8 1.36 0.83 63.5 103.6 − 0.11 0.976 12 1.27 0.75 63.3 79.3 − 0.13 0.987 16 1.25 0.68 56.7 50.7 − 0.16 0.988 20 1.18 0.64 46.2 46.1 − 0.17 0.981 24 1.10 0.60 33.5 32.3 − 0.17 0.963 28 1.13 0.51 27.8 20.5 2.78 0.18 0.950 饱水状态 2 1.21 0.72 63.44 88.2 0.14 0.955 4 1.18 0.71 60.13 85.3 0.15 0.981 6 1.15 0.68 45.12 62.6 0.12 0.962 8 1.10 0.62 33.98 33.4 0.14 0.938 10 1.08 0.59 25.79 19.1 2.63 0.16 0.986
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