Rapid remodeling of three-dimensional terrain and stability analyses of landslide based on UAV
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摘要:
对滑坡进行快速准确的定量化调查评价可以为滑坡应急处置提供科学依据。无人机航摄系统以其机动灵活、响应迅速等特点，日益成为地质灾害调查的可靠手段。以册亨平庆组滑坡为例，将无人机摄影测量技术应用于滑坡的调查中，总结出一套基于轻型无人机航摄技术的边坡快速调查与定量评价方法：首先通过多种软件建立高精度三维地质模型，使用有限差分软件进行数值模拟；然后对滑坡变形机制进行分析，并对滑坡稳定性进行评价。研究结果表明：（1）通过Global mapper、Pix4Dmapper、Rhinoceros等软件对无人机采集数据进行处理并建立三维计算模型，具有简便、快捷、可靠的特点；（2）以无人机航摄为核心的滑坡调查评价，能将传统地质的定性分析和数值模拟的定量分析有效结合，为后续应急处置提供有力的依据及数据支撑；（3）册亨平庆组滑坡是在降雨条件下由坡体自重应力作用引发的蠕滑-拉裂式滑坡，调查时滑坡已启动，地面裂缝有加速扩展的趋势。
Abstract:Rapid and accurate quantitative investigation and evaluation of landslides can provide scientific basis for the emergency treatment of landslide, and the unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) aerial photography system has become a reliable means for geological disaster investigation due to its flexibility and rapid response. In this paper, the Pingqing landslide in Ceheng is taken as an example, and a set of processes of rapid slope investigation and quantitative evaluation based on the light UAV aerial photography technology are summarized. The path of establishing high-precision 3D geological model using various software is expounded, and the finite difference method (FDM) is applied to analyze the deformation mechanism and evaluate the stability of the landslide. The results show that (1) the Global mapper, Pix4Dmapper, Rhinoceros and other software are used to manage the data acquired by UAV and to establish a 3D model, which is convenient, rapid and reliable. (2) In the procedure, landslide investigation and evaluation based on UAV, the traditional qualitative analysis is combined with the quantitative analysis by means of numerical simulation, which can provide convincing basis and supporting data for emergency after. (3) The Pingqing landslide in Ceheng is a creepage-pull crack landslide caused by gravity stress of slope body under rainfall condition. At the period of investigation, the landslide had activated and the surface cracks had tended to expand rapidly.
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Key words:
- landslide /
- light UAV /
- 3D modeling /
- numerical simulation /
- emergency investigation
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表 1 无人机和相机主要参数
Table 1. Main parameters of UAV and camera
项目 参数 项目 参数 项目 参数 起飞重量 907 g 巡航速度 17 m/s 飞行高度 500 m 飞行时长 31 min 最大爬升速度 5 m/s 抗风能力 5级 相机类型 Hasselblad
L1D-20c传感器尺寸 1英寸CMOS 有效像素 2 000万 快门速度 8-1/8 000 s 最大照片尺寸 5472×3648 颜色表示 sRGB 
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表 2 物理力学参数
Table 2. Values of physical and mechanical parameters
岩类 体积模量/
GPa剪切模量/
GPa密度/
（kg·m-3）黏聚力/
MPa内摩擦角
正切值抗拉强度/
MPa黏土质粉砂岩 30.5 12.8 2 450 4.0 31 2.12 粉质黏土 18.5 4.1 1 890 1.3 16 0.05
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