基于红外热成像技术的石窟壁面凝结水形成规律研究

马策; 蒋小伟; 闫宏彬; 周鹏宇; 任建光; 樊尧; 范潇; 万力

doi:10.16030/j.cnki.issn.1000-3665.202011006

基于红外热成像技术的石窟壁面凝结水形成规律研究

1.
中国地质大学（北京）水资源与环境学院, 北京　100083

2.
云冈研究院, 山西大同　037034

基金项目: 国家重点研发计划项目（2019YFC1520500）；山西省文物局文物保护科技项目（208141400237）

详细信息

作者简介: 马策（1994-），男，博士研究生，主要从事包气带水汽运移方面研究工作。E-mail：mc@cugb.edu.cn

通讯作者: 蒋小伟（1982-），男，教授，主要从事水文地质学的教学与科研工作。 E-mail：jxw@cugb.edu.cn

中图分类号: P462.3⁺2；P641.1

收稿日期: 2021-11-03

修回日期: 2021-12-01

刊出日期: 2022-07-25

A study of the formation pattern of condensation water in grottoes based on the infrared thermal imaging technology

1.
School of Water Resource and Environment, China University of Geosciences （Beijing）, Beijing　100083, China

2.
Yungang Research Institute, Datong, Shanxi　037034, China

More Information

Corresponding author: JIANG Xiaowei, jxw@cugb.edu.cn

Received Date: 03 November 2021

Revised Date: 01 December 2021

Publish Date: 25 July 2022

摘要

摘要:
凝结水会加剧石质文物的风化，以往确定凝结水量的实验设备布置复杂、监测范围有限，并且无法实时反映凝结状态，从而制约了对凝结水形成过程的认识以及对石质文物凝结水的有效防治。文章利用红外热成像技术开展凝结水形成规律研究，实现了对石窟壁面凝结水的大范围无损连续观测，并利用微波水分测试技术进行验证。针对一次降雨事件，对云冈石窟第19窟壁面进行了连续100 h的红外热成像监测，揭示了降雨前和降雨期间的壁面温度昼夜变化规律，通过对比空气露点温度识别出2个具备凝结水形成条件的时期：降温前凝结期，从降雨前16 h开始到降雨期间气温发生骤降为止；降温后凝结期，从气温骤降开始到降雨结束后12 h。同时，利用微波水分仪进行了连续56 h的浅表层岩石含水率动态监测，发现尽管壁面上无法用肉眼直接观察到凝结水，但岩石内部含水率增大，表明岩石内部已经优先凝结。降雨过程中气温在1 h内从18.5℃骤降到15.6 °C引起大气中的水汽凝结，导致露点温度下降，使得壁面不再具备凝结水形成条件。该研究对石质文物的凝结水防治具有重要的指导意义。
- 凝结水 /
- 红外热成像 /
- 微波水分仪 /
- 岩石含水率 /
- 云冈石窟
Abstract:
Condensation water can accelerate weathering of stone relics. Previous methods for detecting condensation water in grottoes have some shortcomings, such as the complex equipment layout and limited monitoring range, and are unable to reflect the real-time condensation state, which restrict the effective prevention and control of condensation water in grottoes. In this paper, the infrared thermal imaging technology, which can be used to obtain continuous and large-scale observation of temperature on the wall of grottoes, and the microwave moisture measurement technology, which can be used to obtain rock moisture inside the wall, are both used to study the formation mechanism of condensation water. During the occurrence of a rainfall event, a wall in cave 19 of the Yungang Grottoes was monitored by the infrared thermal imaging for 100 hours. This set of data reveals the diurnal variation pattern of temperature before and during the rainfall event, and two periods beneficial for the formation of condensation water were identified by comparing with the air dew point temperature. The two periods are the condensation period before cooling which starts from 16 hours before rainfall to a sudden drop of temperature during rainfall and the condensation period after cooling which starts from the sudden drop of temperature to 12 hours after the end of rainfall. At the same time, the dynamic monitoring of the shallow rock moisture content for 56 hours was carried out with a microwave moisture meter. Although condensation water cannot be directly observed on the wall, the microwave moisture meter shows that water content in the rock increases, indicating that water has been preferentially condensed inside the rock. It is also found that the sudden drop of air temperature (from 18.5 °C to 15.6 °C in 1 hour) during the process of rainfall causes the condensation of water vapor in atmosphere, which causes a significant decline in the dew point temperature, and the condition of condensation water formation is not fulfilled. This phenomenon is of important guiding significance for the prevention and control of condensation water.
- condensation water /
- infrared imaging /
- micro-wave moisture meter /
- rock moisture /
- Yungang Grottoes

HTML全文

图 1 （a）19窟西北角底部的苔藓分布和（b）19窟北壁西侧监测点布置

Figure 1.

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图 2 （a1-h1）8个典型时刻温度分布和（a2-h2）对应时刻的具备凝结水形成条件的分布范围

Figure 2.

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图 3 （a）壁面典型位置的温度对比和r4处壁温和（b）气温的实测数据与雨前温度趋势拟合

Figure 3.

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图 4 壁温和露点对比以及凝结时期划分图

Figure 4.

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图 5 利用微波水分仪获得的壁面浅表层含水率随时间变化规律

Figure 5.

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

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