Hydrological and hydrochemical regime of a typical subterraneous river in a deep canyon karst area: A case study in the Santang underground river, Guizhou
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摘要:
黔中水利枢纽水源工程——平寨水库位于贵州高原三岔河深切峡谷型岩溶区，是保障黔中地区水资源安全的重要水利基础设施。文章采用水文水化学自动监测技术，对前期水文地质基础研究较为薄弱的平寨水库区间流域内的重要支流——三塘地下河系统的水文水化学变化规律进行了研究，在此基础上探讨了深切峡谷型岩溶地下河系统的岩溶发育规律及管道模式。研究结果表明，该地下河系统水化学动态主要受覆被CO2效应、有效降雨稀释效应和径流-排泄通道开放效应三者的控制。在不同时间尺度和大气降水条件下，水化学动态的总体变化特征不同，起主导作用的效应也有所不同。水温在年尺度上呈夏季高冬季低的变化规律，日尺度上呈昼高夜低的变化规律。电导率和水中CO2分压的动态变化，年尺度下，在覆被CO2效应与稀释效应的共同作用下总体呈现平水期较高丰水期较低；月尺度下，降雨初期可见明显的覆被CO2效应，降雨后则为有效降雨的稀释效应主控；在旱季无雨条件下的日尺度上，可见由径流-排泄通道的开放效应造成的水化学日动态。径流-排泄通道开放效应的识别，可为今后在岩溶水系统模型化研究中判断岩溶管道的承压状态提供水化学方面的依据。本研究对今后该区开展地表与地下水库联合调度、水资源合理利用研究提供了一定的水文地质基础。
Abstract:The Pingzhai Reservoir, a water source project of the Central Guizhou Province hydro-junction project, is located in the deep canyon karst area of the Sancha river in the Guizhou Plateau. It is an important water conservancy infrastructure to ensure the safety of water resources in central Guizhou. In this paper, the hydrological and hydrochemical automatic monitoring technology is used to study the hydrological and hydrochemical regime of the Santang underground river system, an important tributary in the interval basin of the Pingzhai Reservoir, which lacks the early basic research of hydrogeology. On this basis, the karst development and conduit model of the deep canyon karst subterraneous river system are preliminarily discussed. The results show that the hydrochemical regimes are mainly controlled by the cover CO2 effect, effective rainfall dilution effect and opening effect of runoff-discharge channels. In different time scales and atmospheric precipitation conditions, the variation characteristics of hydrochemical regime are different, and the corresponding dominant effect is also different. The annual variation of water temperature is high in summer and low in winter, and the daily variation is high in day and low at night. The annual variations of electrical conductivity and partial pressure of CO2 of the groundwater is high in normal-water level period and low in high-water level period because of the combined effects of land cover CO2 and rainfall dilution. On the monthly scale, the cover CO2 effect can be observed during the initial stage of rainfall, but after rainfall the dilution effect control the variation of electrical conductivity and Pco2. On the daily scale in the dry season, the daily hydrochemical regime controlled by the opening effect of the runoff-discharge channels can be observed. The identified opening effect of the runoff-discharge channels can provide a hydrochemical basis for judging the pressure state of karst conduit in the modeling study of the karst water system. This study provides a hydrogeological basis for the joint scheduling of surface and underground reservoirs and the reasonable utilization of water resources in this area in the future.
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表 1 样品主要离子浓度平均值
Table 1. Average concentrations of the main ions in the water samples
样品 pH EC/(μS·cm−1) K+/(mg·L−1) Ca2+
/(mg·L−1)Na+
/(mg·L−1)Mg2+
/(mg·L−1)
/(mg·L−1)Cl−
/(mg·L−1)
/(mg·L−1)地下水 7.94 322.92 1.68 43.21 7.84 3.58 39.72 2.47 126.27 雨水 12.16 0.12 2.58 0.11 0.03 0.93 0.15 <1.20 
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