Research progress of the anthropogenic influences on global freshwater cycle and the water planetary boundary assessment
-
摘要:
近几十年来，人类活动对淡水循环的影响已经超出了流域尺度。解决目前所面临的水资源问题，不应只着眼于流域过程，而应从更大的空间尺度——全球尺度对地球系统过程加以研究。文章总结了人类活动对全球淡水循环的影响途径，论述了水行星边界方法框架与研究进展，分析了淡水利用管理从流域尺度到全球尺度的实现方法。水行星边界方法以地球系统科学理论为指导，以保持地球系统稳定运行为目标，将淡水循环研究视野从流域尺度扩展至全球尺度，定量描述了全球淡水利用安全运行空间，成为评价全球水资源可持续性的重要方法。水资源管理既要考虑流域尺度的水资源、生态与经济社会发展关系，也要考虑全球尺度的水循环、地球系统稳定与全球可持续发展关系。水行星边界是对现有区域水资源承载能力评价方法的重要补充，为全球与区域淡水资源治理提供了重要的方法框架。根据我国自然资源管理新制度下水资源管理需要，针对水行星边界评估，建议加强全球淡水循环过程研究，完善全球水文模型与模拟预测平台；加强水行星边界与土地、生物、大气等其他行星边界的相互影响与作用研究；探索应用水行星边界框架完善资源环境承载能力评价和国土空间开发适宜性评价方法。
Abstract:In recent decades, the effect of human activities on freshwater cycle transgressed the catchment scale. In order to solve the global and regional water problems effectively, a new framework is needed to transform from the traditional hydrology which focuses on catchment processes to the global-scale hydrology which focuses on the earth system processes. Based on the recent progress of global hydrology, this paper summarizes the patterns of anthropogenic effect on global freshwater cycle, reviews the framework of Planetary Boundaries for Water (PBW) and the research progress, and analyzes the possible approaches of freshwater management from the catchment scale to the global scale. Directed by the Earth system science, PBW pushes forward water cycle research to the global scale from the local and catchment scale, and evaluates the safe operating space of global freshwater use, with the aim to maintain the functions of the Earth system. The framework provides an important merit to evaluate the global sustainability of water resources. Water management should not only balance off the relations of water resources, ecological environment and socio-economic development locally, but also the relations of water cycle, Earth system functions and global sustainability. PBW is an important supplement to the watershed or aquifer management, and puts forward a new framework for the global and regional water management. In order to meet the demand of water management under the new system of natural resources management in China, the study of PBW should focuses on the following aspects: to establish global hydrological models and simulation and prediction platform on the basis of better understanding of global water cycle; to advance the study of relations between PBW and other planetary boundaries such as land use, biodiversity, and atmospheric CO2; to improve the double evaluation approaches (resource and environment carrying capacity, territorial development suitability) for territorial spatial planning with the framework of PBW.
-
Key words:
- Earth system /
- freshwater cycle /
- planetary boundary for water /
- regional scale /
- global scale
-
-
[1] MEDEMA W, MCINTOSH B S, JEFFREY P J. From premise to practice:A critical assessment of integrated water resources management and adaptive management approaches in the water sector[J]. Ecology and Society,2008,13(2):29. doi: 10.5751/ES-02611-130229
[2] 杜鹏, 傅涛. 流域综合管理研究述评[J]. 水资源保护,2010,26(3):68 − 72. [DU Peng, FU Tao. Comment on integrated river basin management research[J]. Water Resources Protection,2010,26(3):68 − 72. (in Chinese with English abstract) doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-6933.2010.03.018
DU Peng, FU Tao. Comment on integrated river basin management research[J]. Water Resources Protection, 2010, 26(3): 68-72. (in Chinese with English abstract) doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-6933.2010.03.018
[3] 章光新, 陈月庆, 吴燕锋. 基于生态水文调控的流域综合管理研究综述[J]. 地理科学,2019,39(7):1191 − 1198. [ZHANG Guangxin, CHEN Yueqing, WU Yanfeng. Commentary on eco-hydrological regulation for integrated river basin management[J]. Scientia Geographica Sinica,2019,39(7):1191 − 1198. (in Chinese with English abstract)
ZHANG Guangxin, CHEN Yueqing, WU Yanfeng. Commentary on eco-hydrological regulation for integrated river basin management[J]. Scientia Geographica Sinica, 2019, 39(7): 1191-1198. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[4] COOK B I, MANKIN J S, ANCHUKAITIS K J. Climate change and drought:From past to future[J]. Current Climate Change Reports,2018,4(2):164 − 179. doi: 10.1007/s40641-018-0093-2
[5] 丁一汇. 人类活动与全球气候变化及其对水资源的影响[J]. 中国水利,2008(2):20 − 27. [DING Yihui. Human activity and the global climate change and its impact on water resources[J]. China Water Resources,2008(2):20 − 27. (in Chinese with English abstract) doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-1123.2008.02.008
DING Yihui. Human activity and the global climate change and its impact on water resources[J]. China Water Resources, 2008(2): 20-27. (in Chinese with English abstract) doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-1123.2008.02.008
[6] EAGLESON P S. The emergence of global-scale hydrology[J]. Water Resources Research,1986,22(9):6S − 14S.
[7] VÖRÖSMARTY C J, PAHL-WOSTL C, BUNN S E, et al. Global water, the anthropocene and the transformation of a science[J]. Current Opinion in Environmental Sustainability,2013,5(6):539 − 550. doi: 10.1016/j.cosust.2013.10.005
[8] STEFFEN W, CRUTZEN P J, MCNEILL J R. The anthropocene:Are humans now overwhelming the great forces of nature[J]. AMBIO:A Journal of the Human Environment,2007,36(8):614 − 621. doi: 10.1579/0044-7447(2007)36[614:TAAHNO]2.0.CO;2
[9] ROCKSTRÖM J, STEFFEN W, NOONE K, et al. A safe operating space for humanity[J]. Nature,2009,461(7263):472 − 475. doi: 10.1038/461472a
[10] BOGARDI J J, FEKETE B M, VÖRÖSMARTY C J. Planetary boundaries revisited:A view through the ‘water lens’[J]. Current Opinion in Environmental Sustainability,2013,5(6):581 − 589. doi: 10.1016/j.cosust.2013.10.006
[11] FALKENMARK M, WANG-ERLANDSSON L, ROCKSTRÖM J. Understanding of water resilience in the anthropocene[J]. Journal of Hydrology X,2019,2:100009. doi: 10.1016/j.hydroa.2018.100009
[12] CHAO B F, WU Y H, LI Y S. Impact of artificial reservoir water impoundment on global sea level[J]. Science,2008,320(5873):212 − 214. doi: 10.1126/science.1154580
[13] NILSSON C, REIDY C A, DYNESIUS M, et al. Fragmentation and flow regulation of the world ’s large river systems[J]. Science,2005,308(5720):405 − 408. doi: 10.1126/science.1107887
[14] STEFFEN W, SANDERSON A, TYSON P, et al. Global change and the earth system: A planet under pressure[M]. Berlin: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2005.
[15] COOLEY S W, RYAN J C, SMITH L C. Human alteration of global surface water storage variability[J]. Nature,2021,591:78 − 81. doi: 10.1038/s41586-021-03262-3
[16] JARAMILLO F, DESTOUNI G. Local flow regulation and irrigation raise global human water consumption and footprint[J]. Science,2015,350(6265):1248 − 1251. doi: 10.1126/science.aad1010
[17] WADA Y, VAN BEEK L P H, SPERNA WEILAND F C, et al. Past and future contribution of global groundwater depletion to sea-level rise[J]. Geophysical Research Letters,2012,39(9):L09402.
[18] KEUNE J, SULIS M, KOLLET S, et al. Human water use impacts on the strength of the continental sink for atmospheric water[J]. Geophysical Research Letters,2018,45(9):4068 − 4076. doi: 10.1029/2018GL077621
[19] ELLIS E C, KLEINGOLDEWIJK K, SIEBERT S, et al. Anthropogenic transformation of the biomes, 1700 to 2000[J]. Global Ecology and Biogeography,2010,19:589 − 606.
[20] STEFFEN W, BROADGATE W, DEUTSCH L, et al. The trajectory of the anthropocene:The great acceleration[J]. The Anthropocene Review,2015,2(1):81 − 98. doi: 10.1177/2053019614564785
[21] HOLMGREN P. Global land use area change matrix: Input to the fourth global environmental outlook （GEO-4）[R]. Rome: Forestry Department, FAO, 2006: 1 − 7.
[22] VAN DER ENT R J, SAVENIJE H H G. Length and time scales of atmospheric moisture recycling[J]. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics,2011,11(5):1853 − 1863. doi: 10.5194/acp-11-1853-2011
[23] WANG-ERLANDSSON L, FETZER I, KEYS P W, et al. Remote land use impacts on river flows through atmospheric teleconnections[J]. Hydrology and Earth System Sciences,2018,22(8):4311 − 4328. doi: 10.5194/hess-22-4311-2018
[24] GORDON L, DUNLOP M, FORAN B. Land cover change and water vapour flows:Learning from Australia[J]. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London Series B, Biological Sciences,2003,358(1440):1973 − 1984. doi: 10.1098/rstb.2003.1381
[25] GORDON L J, STEFFEN W, JÖNSSON B F, et al. Human modification of global water vapor flows from the land surface[J]. PNAS,2005,102(21):7612 − 7617. doi: 10.1073/pnas.0500208102
[26] MA W J, OPP C, YANG D W. Past, present, and future of virtual water and water footprint[J]. Water,2020,12(11):3068. doi: 10.3390/w12113068
[27] 杨志峰, 支援, 尹心安. 虚拟水研究进展[J]. 水利水电科技进展,2015,35(5):181 − 190. [YANG Zhifeng, ZHI Yuan, YIN Xinan. Research advances in virtual water[J]. Advances in Science and Technology of Water Resources,2015,35(5):181 − 190. (in Chinese with English abstract)
YANG Zhifeng, ZHI Yuan, YIN Xinan. Research advances in virtual water[J]. Advances in Science and Technology of Water Resources, 2015, 35(5): 181-190. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[28] 张晓宇, 何燕, 吴明, 等. 世界水资源转移消耗及空间解构研究:基于国际水资源投入产出模型[J]. 中国人口·资源与环境,2015,25(增刊 2):89 − 93. [ZHANG Xiaoyu, HE Yan, WU Ming, et al. Research on world water resource transfer consumption and spatial distribution in view of international water resource input and output model[J]. China Population, Resources and Environment,2015,25(Sup 2):89 − 93. (in Chinese with English abstract)
ZHANG Xiaoyu, HE Yan, WU Ming, et al. Research on world water resource transfer consumption and spatial distribution in view of international water resource input and output model[J]. China Population, Resources and Environment, 2015, 25(Sup 2): 89-93. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[29] HOEKSTRA A Y, MEKONNEN M M. The water footprint of humanity[J]. PNAS,2012,109(9):3232 − 3237. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1109936109
[30] SERRANO A, GUAND, DUARTE R, et al. Virtual water flows in the EU27:Aconsumption-based approach[J]. Journal of Industrial Ecology,2016,20(3):547 − 558. doi: 10.1111/jiec.12454
[31] ZHAO X, LIU J, LIU Q, et al. Physical and virtual water transfers for regional water stress alleviation in China[J]. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America,2015,112(4):1031 − 1035. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1404130112
[32] GLEESON T, WANG-ERLANDSSON L, ZIPPER S C, et al. The water planetary boundary:Interrogation and revision[J]. One Earth,2020,2(3):223 − 234. doi: 10.1016/j.oneear.2020.02.009
[33] GLEESON T, WANG-ERLANDSSON L, PORKKA M, et al. Illuminating water cycle modifications and earth system resilience in the anthropocene[J]. Water Resources Research,2020,56:e2019WR024957.
[34] ROCKSTRÖM J, STEFFEN W, NOONE K, et al. Planetary boundaries:Exploring the safe operating space for humanity[J]. Ecology and Society,2009,14(2):32. doi: 10.5751/ES-03180-140232
[35] MOLDEN D. The devil is in the detail[J]. Nature Reports Climate Change,2009(3):116 − 117.
[36] GERTEN D, HOFF H, ROCKSTRÖM J, et al. Towards a revised planetary boundary for consumptive freshwater use:Role of environmental flow requirements[J]. Current Opinion in Environmental Sustainability,2013,5(6):551 − 558. doi: 10.1016/j.cosust.2013.11.001
[37] SCHAPHOFF S, FORKELM, MÜLLERC, et al. LPJmL4 –a dynamic global vegetation model with managed land–Part 2:Model evaluation[J]. Geoscientific Model Development,2018,11(4):1377 − 1403. doi: 10.5194/gmd-11-1377-2018
[38] ROCKSTRÖM J, FALKENMARK M, LANNERSTAD M, et al. The planetary water drama:Dual task of feeding humanity and curbing climate change[J]. Geophysical Research Letters,2012,39(15):15401.
[39] STEFFEN W, RICHARDSON K, ROCKSTRÖM J, et al. Planetary boundaries: Guiding human development on a changing planet[J]. Science, 347（6223）: 1259855.
[40] PASTOR A V, LUDWIG F, BIEMANS H, et al. Accounting for environmental flow requirements in global water assessments[J]. Hydrology and Earth System Sciences,2014,18(12):5041 − 5059. doi: 10.5194/hess-18-5041-2014
[41] HOGEBOOM R J, DE BRUIN D, SCHYNS J F, et al. Capping human water footprints in the world ’s river basins[J]. Earth’s Future,2020,8(2):e2019EF001363.
[42] HOEKSTRA A Y, CHAPAGAIN A K, ALDAYA M M, 等. 水足迹评价手册[M]. 刘俊国, 译. 北京: 科学出版社, 2012
HOEKSTRA A Y, CHAPAGAIN A K, ALDAYA M M, et al. The water footprint assessment manual[M]. LIU Junguo, trans. Beijing: Science Press, 2012. （in Chinese）
[43] BUNSEN J, BERGER M, FINKBEINER M. Planetary boundaries for water–A review[J]. Ecological Indicators,2021,121:107022. doi: 10.1016/j.ecolind.2020.107022
[44] BRANDI C. Safeguarding the earth system as a priority for sustainable development and global ethics:The need for an earth system SDG[J]. Journal of Global Ethics,2015,11(1):32 − 36. doi: 10.1080/17449626.2015.1006791
[45] GUPTA J, PAHL-WOSTL C. Global water governance in the context of global and multilevel governance:Its need, form, and challenges[J]. Ecology and Society,2013,18(4):53. doi: 10.5751/ES-05952-180453
[46] 陈先鹏, 方恺, 彭建, 等. 资源环境承载力评估新视角:行星边界框架的源起、发展与展望[J]. 自然资源学报,2020,35(3):513 − 531. [CHEN Xianpeng, FANG Kai, PENG Jian, et al. New insights into assessing the carrying capacity of resources and the environment:The origin, development and prospects of the planetary boundaries framework[J]. Journal of Natural Resources,2020,35(3):513 − 531. (in Chinese with English abstract) doi: 10.31497/zrzyxb.20200302
CHEN Xianpeng, FANG Kai, PENG Jian, et al. New insights into assessing the carrying capacity of resources and the environment: the origin, development and prospects of the planetary boundaries framework[J]. Journal of Natural Resources, 2020, 35(3): 513-531. (in Chinese with English abstract) doi: 10.31497/zrzyxb.20200302
[47] HÄYHÄ T, LUCAS P L, VAN VUUREN D P, et al. From planetary boundaries to national fair shares of the global safe operating space—How can the scales be bridged?[J]. Global Environmental Change,2016,40:60 − 72. doi: 10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2016.06.008
[48] NYKVIST B, PERSSON Å, MOBERG F, et al. National environmental performance on planetary boundaries[R]. Stockholm: The Swedish Environmental Protection Agency, 2013.
[49] HOFF H, NYKVIST B, CARSON M. Living well, within the limits of our planet? Measuring Europe’s growing external footprint[R]. Stockholm: Stockholm Environment Institute, 2014.
[50] O’NEILL D W, FANNING A L, LAMB W F, et al. A good life for all within planetary boundaries[J]. Nature Sustainability,2018,1(2):88 − 95. doi: 10.1038/s41893-018-0021-4
[51] FANNING A L, O’NEILL D W. Tracking resource use relative to planetary boundaries in a steady-state framework:A case study of Canada and Spain[J]. Ecological Indicators,2016,69:836 − 849. doi: 10.1016/j.ecolind.2016.04.034
[52] COLE M J, BAILEY R M, NEW M G. Tracking sustainable development with a national barometer for South Africa using a downscaled “safe and just space” framework[J]. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America,2014,111(42):E4399 − E4408.
[53] FANG K, HEIJUNGS R, DUAN Z, et al. The environmental sustainability of nations:Bench marking thecarbon, water and land footprints against allocated planetary boundaries[J]. Sustainability,2015,7:11285 − 11305. doi: 10.3390/su70811285
[54] TEAH H, AKIYAMA T, SAN CARLOS R, et al. Assessment of downscaling planetary boundaries to semi-arid ecosystems with a local perception:A case study in the middle reaches of Heihe River[J]. Sustainability,2016,8(12):1233. doi: 10.3390/su8121233
[55] ZIPPER S C, JARAMILLO F, WANG-ERLANDSSON L, et al. Integrating the water planetary boundary with water management from local to global scales[J]. Earth’s Future,2020,8(2):e2019EF001377.
[56] 习近平. 国家中长期经济社会发展战略若干重大问题[J]. 求是,2020(21):4 − 10.
[57] ARNELL N W. Climate change and global water resources:SRES emissions and socio-economic scenarios[J]. Global Environmental Change,2004,14(1):31 − 52. doi: 10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2003.10.006
[58] 高红凯, 赵舫. 全球尺度水文模型:机遇、挑战与展望[J]. 冰川冻土,2020,42(1):224 − 233. [GAO Hongkai, ZHAO Fang. A review of global hydrological models:The opportunities, challenges and outlook[J]. Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology,2020,42(1):224 − 233. (in Chinese with English abstract)
GAO Hongkai, ZHAO Fang. A review of global hydrological models: the opportunities, challenges and outlook[J]. Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology, 2020, 42(1): 224-233. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[59] HADDELAND I, CLARK D B, FRANSSEN W, et al. Multimodel estimate of the global terrestrial water balance:Setup and first results[J]. Journal of Hydrometeorology,2011,12(5):869 − 884. doi: 10.1175/2011JHM1324.1
[60] BIERKENS M F P. Global hydrology 2015:State, trends, and directions[J]. Water Resources Research,2015,51(7):4923 − 4947. doi: 10.1002/2015WR017173
[61] STEFFEN W, ROCKSTRÖM J, RICHARDSON K, et al. Trajectories of the earth system in the anthropocene[J]. PNAS,2018,115(33):8252 − 8259. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1810141115
[62] 岳文泽, 吴桐, 王田雨, 等. 面向国土空间规划的“双评价”:挑战与应对[J]. 自然资源学报,2020,35(10):2299 − 2310. [YUE Wenze, WU Tong, WANG Tianyu, et al. “Double evaluations” for territorial spatial planning:Challenges and responses[J]. Journal of Natural Resources,2020,35(10):2299 − 2310. (in Chinese with English abstract) doi: 10.31497/zrzyxb.20201001
YUE Wenze, WU Tong, WANG Tianyu, et al. “Double evaluations” for territorial spatial planning: challenges and responses[J]. Journal of Natural Resources, 2020, 35(10): 2299-2310. (in Chinese with English abstract) doi: 10.31497/zrzyxb.20201001
-
下载:
图(2)
计量
- 文章访问数: 2482
- PDF下载数: 77
- 施引文献: 0