Distribution and ecological restoration of abandoned open-pit mines in Jiangsu section of the Yangtze River Economic Belt
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摘要:
江苏省长江沿岸废弃矿山修复治理是长江经济带生态修复的关键节点区域，如何快速、直观地获得区域内废弃矿山的分布和修复工程进展，成为长江经济带废弃矿山生态修复工程的重要工作之一。以江苏长江干流两岸10 km范围为研究区，以2017—2020 年4 期高分辨率遥感影像为数据源，采用ArcGIS平台人机交互解译和野外验证的方式，获取了研究区内露天废弃矿山分布情况、地质环境问题和生态修复情况等信息。结果表明：镇江市和南京市需修复面积较大，区内露天废弃矿山主要表现为矿山的采场和中转场地两类占地，涉及矿种以建筑石料用灰岩和建筑用砂矿为主；存在的主要矿山环境问题有地形地貌破坏、矿山地质灾害、矿区生态环境破坏和水土污染等；2018—2020 年研究区已修复面积和正在修复面积均呈上升趋势，截至2020 年10 月，研究区废弃矿山修复效果良好，修复面积占67.08%；主要生态修复措施有自然恢复、客土回填、土地平整、削坡、土地综合治理等。建议在进行修复治理工程时，最大限度地保护矿区原有地貌，充分利用土地资源。调查结果和建议可为同类型地区露天废弃矿山生态修复治理提供技术参考。
Abstract:The abandoned mines along the Yangtze River in Jiangsu Province is the key area along the Yangtze River Economic Belt, which need to be restored and governed. Among the ecological restoration projects, it has been one of the difficulties that how to quickly and intuitively track the progress of the distribution and restoration of a great many abandoned mines in the region. In this paper, the author takes the 10 km area on both sides of the Belt as study object. And selects high-resolution remote sensing images in each year from 2017 to 2020 as the data source. By human-computer interactive interpretation on the ArcGIS platform and field verification, the author obtains the information such as the distribution of open-pit abandoned mines, geological environment problems and ecological restoration in the study area. This paper mainly focus on the geological environment problems existing in abandoned mines and summarizes the ecological restoration measures. It is shown that it ’s a wide area need to be restored in Zhenjiang and Nanjing. The area of open-pit abandoned mines mainly focus on the quarries and transit sites of the mines, with construction limestone and construction sand mines as the main types of mines involved. The environmental problems mainly include topography and geomorphological destruction, geological disasters, ecological environment damage and soil and water pollution, etc. And the part rehabilitated and being rehabilitated of the study area show an increasing trend from 2018 to 2020. As of October 2020, the restoration area of abandoned mines has been effective, with 67.08% of the area restored. The main ecological restoration measures include natural restoration, soil backfilling, land leveling, slope cutting and integrated land management. It is recommended that the original landform of the mining area should be protected to the maximum extent and the land resources fully utilized when carrying out restoration and treatment. The results and suggestions provide technical reference for the ecological restoration and treatment of open-pit abandoned mines in the same type of area.
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表 1 各监测年度影像类型
Table 1. Image types of each monitoring year
监测年份 数据类型 成像时间 空间分辨率/m 2017 BJ2 9—11月 1 2018 BJ2、GJ1 9—11月 0.5～1.0 2019 BJ2、GF2 9—11月 0.8～2.0 2020 GF6、GF2 9—10月 2 
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表 2 正在修复图斑统计表（2020年10月）
Table 2. Statistics of under restoration spot（Oct. 2020）
主要修复措施 工程数量 面积/hm2 场地平整 23 100.22 覆土堆填 14 135.85 削坡降坡 8 51.54
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表 3 完成修复图斑统计表（2020年10月）
Table 3. Statistics of complete restoration spot（Oct. 2020）
修复前地类 修复后地类 修复措施 图斑数量 面积/hm2 采场 林地 覆土/废渣清运/
场地平整/种植/
自然复绿/
设置隔离栏3 6.64 草地 1 1.02 坑塘水面 2 8.21 空闲地 25 243.89 中转场地 耕地 废渣清运/覆土/
场地平整/种植/
复垦/建设房屋1 7.92 草地 1 3.82 工矿仓储用地 2 11.68 空闲地 19 82.74 固体废弃物 林地 废渣清运/覆土/
场地平整/种植1 0.56 空闲地 1 9.67 矿山建筑 空闲地 覆土/场地平整 2 9.44
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