Developmental characteristics and damming river risk of the Woda landslide in the upper reaches of the Jinshajiang River
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摘要:
金沙江上游沃达滑坡自1985年开始出现变形，现今地表宏观变形迹象明显，存在进一步失稳滑动和堵江的风险。采用遥感解译、地面调查、工程地质钻探和综合监测等方法，分析了沃达滑坡空间结构和复活变形特征，阐明了滑坡潜在复活失稳模式，并采用经验公式计算分析了滑坡堵江危险性。结果表明：沃达滑坡为一特大型滑坡，体积约28.81×106 m3，推测其在晚更新世之前发生过大规模滑动；滑坡堆积体目前整体处于蠕滑变形阶段，局部处于加速变形阶段；复活变形范围主要集中在中前部，且呈现向后渐进变形破坏特征，复活区右侧变形比左侧强烈。滑坡存在浅层和深层两级滑面，平均埋深分别约15.0，25.5 m，相应地可能出现两种潜在失稳模式：滑坡强变形区沿浅层滑带滑动失稳时，形成的堵江堰塞坝高度约87.2 m；滑坡整体沿深层滑带滑动失稳时，形成的堵江堰塞坝高度约129.2 m。沃达滑坡存在形成滑坡-堵江-溃决-洪水链式灾害的危险性，建议进一步加强滑坡监测，针对性开展排水、加固等防治工程。
Abstract:The Woda landslide in the upper reaches of the Jinshajiang River, has been deformed since 1985, whose surface deformation characteristics are obvious now. There is a potential risk that the landslide will slide further and block the Jinshajiang River. Based on the remote sensing interpretation, field investigation, engineering geological drilling and comprehensive monitoring, the spatial structure and deformation characteristics of the landslide are analyzed, the potential reactivation instability pattern of the landslide is clarified, and the risk of landslide blocking river is discussed by empirical formula calculation. The results show that the Woda landslide is a huge landslide with a volume of about 28.81×106 m3. It is speculated that the landslide had undergone massive sliding before the late Pleistocene. The whole landslide is currently creeping, and the local part of the landslide is in the accelerated deformation stage. The deformation range of reactivation zone is mainly concentrated in the middle and front parts, and the failure characteristics are progressive backward. The deformation on the right side of the reactivation zone is stronger than that on the left side. There are two sliding zones developing in the landslide, namely the shallow zone and deep sliding zone, whose average depth is about 15 m and 25.5 m, respectively. Accordingly, the landslide can be reactivated with two potential failure modes: the shallow slip and deep slip with progressive failure mode. When the sliding mass in the strong deformation area of the Woda landslide slides along the shallow sliding zone, the height of the landslide dam formed is about 87.2 m. If the whole sliding mass slides along the deep sliding zone, the height of the landslide dam formed is about 129.2 m. The Woda landslide has the risk of landslide-damming-outburst-flood chain disaster. It is suggested to further strengthen landslide monitoring and carry out drainage, reinforcement and other prevention works. This study can offer certain reference for preventing and controlling large geological disaster chain in the upper reaches of the Jinshajiang River.
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表 1 完全堵江最小土石方量
Table 1. The minimum sliding-mass of complete landslide-damming
剖面 Hr/m Br/m φs/（°） Vmin/（104 m3） V1/（106 m3） V2/（106 m3） a-a’ 15 94 25 12.5 6.50 28.81 b-b’ 15 76 25 10.1 c-c’ 15 112 25 14.9 
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