Site selection evaluation of engineering geology of the Lenghu Saishiteng Mountain Observatory
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摘要:
青海省冷湖赛什腾山具有国际一流的光学天文观测条件，是我国光学天文发展的宝贵战略资源。围绕冷湖赛什腾山天文台建设面临的工程地质选址问题，在收集前人已开展的地质调查成果的基础上，利用遥感影像、无人机航拍、数值模拟和人工地面调查相结合的方法进行工程地质选址评价。为了确保赛什腾山已经确定的2处已建平台和2处空置平台的工程地质稳定性，首先进行了人工地面踏勘、采取岩石样品和模拟地震作用下已建平台的边坡三维响应研究，以确定平台的稳定性；在重点工作区使用InSAR监测分析地形形变，确定重点工作区工程地质稳定性；最后使用BP神经网络模型算法对赛什腾山地区进行区域工程地质稳定性评价。评价结果表明：2处已建平台虽有断层分布但对工程建设的影响较小；2处空置平台场地内及周边未发现断层破碎带及断裂构造通过。基于分析结果，建议尽量减少在填方区布设工程及重要设备，保证填方边坡坡度小于自然休止角，对于人工开挖或填筑形成的碎石土边坡应进行适当工程处理以确保工程安全及设备正常使用，并基于不同层次的评价结果推荐出4 300 m与4 050 m 2个平台。
Abstract:The Lenghu Saishiteng Mountain in Qinghai Province has the international first-class optical astronomy observation conditions. It creates a major opportunity for the development of optical astronomy in China and provides a valuable strategic resource for international optical astronomy development. Closely focusing on the engineering and geological site selection problem facing the construction of the Lenghu Saishiteng Mountain Observatory, the engineering and geological site selection evaluation is carried out on the basis of extensive collection of the geological survey results obtained by previous authors, by using a combination of remote sensing images, unmanned aerial photography, numerical simulation and manual ground survey. At this stage, two constructed platforms and two vacant platforms have been identified in Mount Saishiteng. In order to ensure the stability of engineering geological conditions of the constructed platforms and vacant platforms, firstly, manual ground investigation, rock samples and 3D response of slopes of constructed platforms under simulated seismic effects are conducted to determine the stability of platforms. InSAR monitoring and analysis of terrain deformation is then used in the key working area to determine the engineering geological stability of the key working area, and the BP neural network model algorithm is finally used to evaluate the regional engineering and geological stability of the Saishiteng Mountain area. The evaluation results show that although there are faults in the two constructed platforms, the impact on the construction is relatively small; no fault fragmentation zones and fracture structures are found in and around the two vacant platforms. Suggestions are made for the construction of the observatory to minimize the placement of engineering works and important equipment in the filling area, to ensure that the slope of the filling side slope is less than the natural rest angle, and to carry out appropriate engineering treatment for the rubble soil side slopes formed by manual excavation or filling ensure engineering safety and normal use of equipment. At the same time, two recommended platforms of 4300 m and 4050 m are recommended based on the evaluation results of different levels.
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表 1 断层赋值表
Table 1. Fault assignment table
断层等级 缓冲区1 缓冲区2 缓冲区3 缓冲区4 缓冲区5 距离/m 赋值 距离/m 赋值 距离/m 赋值 距离/m 赋值 距离/m 赋值 1级断层 1000 20 2000 16 3000 12 4000 8 5000 4 2级断层 300 15 600 12 900 9 1200 6 1500 3 3级断层 100 10 200 8 300 6 400 4 500 2 4级断层 30 5 60 4 90 3 120 2 150 1 
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表 2 岩体、土体强度状况赋值表
Table 2. Assignment of rock mass and soil condition
岩体、土体 赋值结果 晚二叠世坚硬块状侵入岩岩组 10 晚奥陶世坚硬块状侵入岩岩组 9 坚硬、较坚硬的片状熔岩岩组 8 早古生代火山岩岩组 7 较坚硬片状砾、砂、板、千枚岩岩组 6 软硬相间层-薄层状变质砾、砂岩及页岩岩组；软硬相
间层-薄层状变质岩或碎屑岩夹碳酸盐岩岩组；软硬
相间层-薄层状碳酸盐岩与变质岩或碎屑岩岩组5 晚奥陶世石英闪长花岗岩 4 软弱层状-薄层状砂泥岩岩组 3 软弱层状砂、泥（灰）岩岩组 2 黏性土、盐渍土、砂类土、卵砾类土 1 苏干湖 0
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表 3 平台工程适宜性评价
Table 3. Platform engineering suitability evaluation
平台类别 评价得分 已建平台（3830 m平台） 6.57942 已建平台（4200 m平台） 7.32686 空置平台（4100 m平台） 7.21152 空置平台（4000 m平台） 7.41247 推荐平台（4300 m平台） 7.62298 推荐平台（4050 m平台） 7.13246
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