A study of the hydration characteristics and determination method of mineral content of gypsum rock
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摘要:
硬石膏和石膏的膨胀性和腐蚀性是石膏质岩隧道工程主要致害因素，查明矿物成分、水化特性、硬石膏和石膏含量是评价石膏质岩工程危害的基础，但目前尚缺乏快速简便的石膏质含量确定方法。通过测定硬石膏岩水化过程中的波速及水化深度，分析了石膏质岩的水化特性；通过对硬石膏、石膏、方解石、白云石不同配比混合物的热重分析，提出了快速测定石膏质岩矿物含量的热重分析法。结果表明：（1）石膏质岩矿物成分的鉴别建议采用热分析、X射线衍射、红外光谱等方法相互印证；（2）硬石膏岩水化缓慢，标准尺寸试件的硬石膏岩完全水化为石膏岩约需2 a；（3）完整硬石膏岩在纯净水环境下水化速率约3 mm/a，若地下水环境富含
${\rm{SO}}_4^{2-}$ Abstract:Expansibility and corrosivity of anhydrite and gypsum are the main disease-causing factors in gypsum rock tunnel engineering. Investigation of the mineral compositions, hydration characteristics, and contents of anhydrite and gypsum is the basis for evaluating the engineering hazard of gypsum rock. However, there is a lack of quick and simple method to determine the content of gypsum. By measuring the wave velocity and hydration depth in the hydration process of anhydrite rocks, the hydration characteristics of gypsum rocks are analyzed. Through the thermogravimetric analysis of anhydrite, gypsum, calcite and dolomite mixtures with different proportions, a thermogravimetric analysis method for rapid determination of mineral content of gypsum rocks is proposed. The results show that (1) thermal analysis, X-ray diffraction and infrared spectroscopy are recommended for the identification of mineral components of gypsum rocks. (2) Hydration of anhydrite rocks is slow, and it takes about 2 years for anhydrite rocks of the standard size specimen to be fully hydrated into gypsum rocks. (3) The hydration rate of intact anhydrite in the pure water environment is about 3 mm/a. If the groundwater environment is rich in
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Key words:
- gypsum rock /
- hydration characteristics /
- anhydrite /
- thermogravimetric analysis /
- hydrating rate
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表 1 典型石膏质岩矿物的衍射峰角
Table 1. Diffraction peak angle of the typical gypsum rock minerals
矿物类型 最强峰/（°） 强峰/（°） 次强峰/（°） 石膏 12 28 22 硬石膏 25 34 38 白云石 32 43 53 方解石 28 46 39 
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表 2 硬石膏水化深度
Table 2. Hydration depth of anhydrite
浸泡时间/d 30 60 90 120 150 180 210 240 纯净水/mm 0.5 1.0 1.6 1.9 2.3 2.5 2.6 2.7 NaHSO4/mm 1.5 2.9 4.3 5.5 6.2 6.7 7.0 7.2
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表 3 石膏和硬石膏配比表
Table 3. Proportion of gypsum and anhydrite
序号 配比样
命名石膏
质量分数/ %硬石膏
质量分数/ %1 硬石膏 0 100 2 轻度水化硬石膏 20 80 3 中度水化硬石膏 40 60 4 强水化硬石膏 60 40 5 特强水化硬石膏 80 20 6 石膏 100 0
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表 4 石膏、白云石和方解石配比表
Table 4. Proportion of gypsum, dolomite and calcite
序号 石膏
质量分数/ %白云石
质量分数/ %方解石
质量分数/ %I 40 40 20 II 40 30 30 III 60 40 0 IV 60 20 20 V 80 20 0 VI 0 100 0
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