A study of the hydration characteristics and determination method of mineral content of gypsum rock
-
摘要:
硬石膏和石膏的膨胀性和腐蚀性是石膏质岩隧道工程主要致害因素，查明矿物成分、水化特性、硬石膏和石膏含量是评价石膏质岩工程危害的基础，但目前尚缺乏快速简便的石膏质含量确定方法。通过测定硬石膏岩水化过程中的波速及水化深度，分析了石膏质岩的水化特性；通过对硬石膏、石膏、方解石、白云石不同配比混合物的热重分析，提出了快速测定石膏质岩矿物含量的热重分析法。结果表明：（1）石膏质岩矿物成分的鉴别建议采用热分析、X射线衍射、红外光谱等方法相互印证；（2）硬石膏岩水化缓慢，标准尺寸试件的硬石膏岩完全水化为石膏岩约需2 a；（3）完整硬石膏岩在纯净水环境下水化速率约3 mm/a，若地下水环境富含
${\rm{SO}}_4^{2-}$ Abstract:Expansibility and corrosivity of anhydrite and gypsum are the main disease-causing factors in gypsum rock tunnel engineering. Investigation of the mineral compositions, hydration characteristics, and contents of anhydrite and gypsum is the basis for evaluating the engineering hazard of gypsum rock. However, there is a lack of quick and simple method to determine the content of gypsum. By measuring the wave velocity and hydration depth in the hydration process of anhydrite rocks, the hydration characteristics of gypsum rocks are analyzed. Through the thermogravimetric analysis of anhydrite, gypsum, calcite and dolomite mixtures with different proportions, a thermogravimetric analysis method for rapid determination of mineral content of gypsum rocks is proposed. The results show that (1) thermal analysis, X-ray diffraction and infrared spectroscopy are recommended for the identification of mineral components of gypsum rocks. (2) Hydration of anhydrite rocks is slow, and it takes about 2 years for anhydrite rocks of the standard size specimen to be fully hydrated into gypsum rocks. (3) The hydration rate of intact anhydrite in the pure water environment is about 3 mm/a. If the groundwater environment is rich in
${\rm{SO}}_4^{2-}$ -
Key words:
- gypsum rock /
- hydration characteristics /
- anhydrite /
- thermogravimetric analysis /
- hydrating rate
-
-
表 1 典型石膏质岩矿物的衍射峰角
Table 1. Diffraction peak angle of the typical gypsum rock minerals
矿物类型 最强峰/（°） 强峰/（°） 次强峰/（°） 石膏 12 28 22 硬石膏 25 34 38 白云石 32 43 53 方解石 28 46 39 
下载: 导出CSV
表 2 硬石膏水化深度
Table 2. Hydration depth of anhydrite
浸泡时间/d 30 60 90 120 150 180 210 240 纯净水/mm 0.5 1.0 1.6 1.9 2.3 2.5 2.6 2.7 NaHSO4/mm 1.5 2.9 4.3 5.5 6.2 6.7 7.0 7.2
下载: 导出CSV
表 3 石膏和硬石膏配比表
Table 3. Proportion of gypsum and anhydrite
序号 配比样
命名石膏
质量分数/ %硬石膏
质量分数/ %1 硬石膏 0 100 2 轻度水化硬石膏 20 80 3 中度水化硬石膏 40 60 4 强水化硬石膏 60 40 5 特强水化硬石膏 80 20 6 石膏 100 0
下载: 导出CSV
表 4 石膏、白云石和方解石配比表
Table 4. Proportion of gypsum, dolomite and calcite
序号 石膏
质量分数/ %白云石
质量分数/ %方解石
质量分数/ %I 40 40 20 II 40 30 30 III 60 40 0 IV 60 20 20 V 80 20 0 VI 0 100 0
下载: 导出CSV
-
[1] 罗健. 含膏岩系及其对隧道工程的影响[J]. 西南交通大学学报,1978,13(1):63 − 72. [LUO Jian. Gypsum rock series and its influence on tunnel engineering[J]. Journal of Southwest Jiaotong University,1978,13(1):63 − 72. (in Chinese)
LUO Jian. Gypsum rock series and its influence on tunnel engineering[J]. Journal of Southwest Jiaotong University, 1978, 13(1): 63-72. (in Chinese)
[2] 石有才. 成昆线百家岭隧道病害整治施工技术[J]. 铁道建筑,2004,44(11):39 − 41. [SHI Youcai. Disease treatment construction technology of Baijialing tunnel on Chengdu—Kunming Railway[J]. Railway Architecture,2004,44(11):39 − 41. (in Chinese) doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1003-1995.2004.11.016
SHI Youcai. Disease treatment construction technology of Baijialing tunnel on Chengdu-Kunming Railway[J]. Railway Architecture, 2004, 44(11): 39-41. (in Chinese) doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1003-1995.2004.11.016
[3] 孟令宝. 南吕梁山隧道底鼓机理及整治措施研究[D]. 石家庄: 石家庄铁道大学, 2017
MENG Lingbao. Study on the tunnel floor heave mechanism and remediation measures of South Lvliangshan tunnel[D]. Shijiazhuang: Shijiazhuang Tiedao University, 2017. （in Chinese with English abstract）
[4] 杨荣. 十字垭隧道病害原因分析及治理[J]. 铁道标准设计,2008,52(10):91 − 95. [YANG Rong. Cause analysis and treatment of diseases in Shiziya tunnel[J]. Railway Standard Design,2008,52(10):91 − 95. (in Chinese) doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-2954.2008.10.027
YANG Rong. Cause analysis and treatment of diseases in Shiziya tunnel[J]. Railway Standard Design, 2008, 52(10): 91-95. (in Chinese) doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-2954.2008.10.027
[5] 吴银亮, 涂运良. 隧道石膏质岩危害及对策研究[J]. 西南公路,2017(3):21 − 24. [WU Yinliang, TU Yunliang. Study on hazards and countermeasures of tunnel gypsum rock[J]. Southwest Highway,2017(3):21 − 24. (in Chinese)
WU Yinliang, TU Yunliang. Study on hazards and Countermeasures of tunnel gypsum rock[J]. Southwest Highway, 2017, (3): 21-24+38. (in Chinese)
[6] 魏玉峰, 聂德新. 第三系红层中石膏溶蚀特性及其对工程的影响[J]. 水文地质工程地质,2005,32(2):62 − 64. [WEI Yufeng, NIE Dexin. The speciality of gypsum dissolution of the Neogene red clay and its influence to engineering[J]. Hydrogeology & Engineering Geology,2005,32(2):62 − 64. (in Chinese with English abstract) doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-3665.2005.02.013
WEI Yufeng, NIE Dexin. The speciality of gypsum dissolution of the Neogene red clay and its influence to engineering[J]. Hydrogeology and Engineering Geology, 2005, 32(2): 62-64. (in Chinese with English abstract) doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-3665.2005.02.013
[7] 吴银亮. 石膏质岩工程地质特性及其对隧道混凝土结构危害机制研究[D]. 武汉: 中国地质大学, 2013
WU Yinliang. The engineering geological characteristics of gypsum rock and the damage mechanism on tunnel concrete structure[D]. Wuhan: China University of Geosciences, 2013. （in Chinese with English abstract）
[8] 吴银亮, 汤晶. 石膏质岩工程特性及其对混凝土劣化机制试验研究[J]. 灾害学,2019,34(增刊 1):58 − 64. [WU Yinliang, TANG Jing. Experimental study on engineering characteristics of gypsum rock and its degradation mechanism for concrete[J]. Journal of Catastrophology,2019,34(Sup 1):58 − 64. (in Chinese with English abstract)
WU Yinliang, TANG Jing. Experimental study on engineering characteristics of gypsum rock and its degradation mechanism for concrete[J]. Journal of Catastrophology, 2019, 34(Sup 1): 58-64. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[9] 罗健. 硬石膏岩膨胀性质的现场观测[J]. 水文地质工程地质,1980,7(4):29 − 32. [LUO Jian. Field observation of swelling properties of anhydrite rock[J]. Hydrogeology & Engineering Geology,1980,7(4):29 − 32. (in Chinese)
LUO Jian. Field observation of swelling properties of anhydrite rock[J]. Hydrogeology and Engineering Geology, 1980, 7(4): 29-32. (in Chinese)
[10] 陈钒, 吴建勋, 任松, 等. 基于湿度应力场理论的硬石膏岩膨胀试验研究[J]. 岩土力学,2018,39(8):2723 − 2731. [CHEN Fan, WU Jianxun, REN Song, et al. The swelling tests of anhydrite based on the humidity stress field theory[J]. Rock and Soil Mechanics,2018,39(8):2723 − 2731. (in Chinese with English abstract)
CHEN Fan, WU Jianxun, REN Song, et al. The swelling tests of anhydrite based on the humidity stress field theory[J]. Rock and Soil Mechanics, 2018, 39(8): 2723-2731. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[11] 吴建勋, 任松, 欧阳汛, 等. 石膏质岩膨胀性及其对隧道仰拱影响研究[J]. 湖南大学学报(自然科学版),2018,45(1):142 − 149. [WU Jianxun, REN Song, OUYANG Xun, et al. Research on swelling of gypsiferous rock and its influence on invert arch of tunnel[J]. Journal of Hunan University(Natural Sciences),2018,45(1):142 − 149. (in Chinese with English abstract)
WU Jianxun, REN Song, OUYANG Xun, et al. Research on swelling of gypsiferous rock and its influence on invert arch of tunnel[J]. Journal of Hunan University(Natural Sciences), 2018, 45(1): 142-149. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[12] 苏承东, 韦四江, 许崇帮, 等. 高温脱水石膏岩物理力学效应的试验研究[J]. 岩石力学与工程学报,2019,38(2):254 − 266. [SU Chengdong, WEI Sijiang, XU Chongbang, et al. Experimental study on physico-mechanical effects of high temperature dehydrated gypsum rock[J]. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2019,38(2):254 − 266. (in Chinese with English abstract)
SU Chengdong, WEI Sijiang, XU Chongbang, et al. Experimental study on physico-mechanical effects of high temperature dehydrated gypsum rock[J]. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 2019, 38(2): 254-266. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[13] 白冷, 彭家惠, 张建新, 等. 天然硬石膏水化硬化研究[J]. 非金属矿,2008,31(4):1 − 3. [BAI Leng, PENG Jiahui, ZHANG Jianxin, et al. Study on hydration and hardening of natural anhydrite[J]. Non-Metallic Mines,2008,31(4):1 − 3. (in Chinese with English abstract) doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-8098.2008.04.001
BAI Leng, PENG Jiahui, ZHANG Jianxin, et al. Study on hydration and hardening of natural anhydrite[J]. Non-Metallic Mines, 2008, 31(4): 1-3. (in Chinese with English abstract) doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-8098.2008.04.001
[14] YILMAZ I, YUKSEK G. Prediction of the strength and elasticity modulus of gypsum using multiple regression, ANN, and ANFIS models[J]. International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences,2009,46(4):803 − 810. doi: 10.1016/j.ijrmms.2008.09.002
[15] YILMAZ I. Influence of water content on the strength and deformability of gypsum[J]. International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences,2010,47(2):342 − 347. doi: 10.1016/j.ijrmms.2009.09.002
[16] 吴建勋. 硬石膏岩吸水-膨胀演化及其对隧道施工期可靠性影响研究[D]. 重庆: 重庆大学, 2018.
WU Jianxun. Study on the watering-swelling evolution of anhydrite and its application in the reliability of tunneling[D]. Chongqing: Chongqing University, 2018. （in Chinese with English abstract）
[17] ALONSO E E, BERDUGO I R, RAMON A. Extreme expansive phenomena in anhydritic-gypsiferous claystone:the case of Lilla tunnel[J]. Géotechnique,2013,63(7):584 − 612.
[18] OLDECOP L, ALONSO E. Modelling the degradation and swelling of clayey rocks bearing calcium-sulphate[J]. International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences,2012,54:90 − 102.
[19] 黄伯龄. 矿物差热分析鉴定手册[M]. 北京: 科学出版社, 1987
HUANG Boling. Handbook of differential thermal analysis and identification of minerals[M]. Beijing: Science Press, 1987. （in Chinese）
[20] 辽宁省地质局中心实验室. 矿物差热分析[M]. 北京: 地质出版社, 1975
Central Laboratory of Liaoning Geological Bureau. Mineral differential thermal analysis[M]. Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 1975. （in Chinese）
[21] 南京大学地质学矿物岩石学教研室. 粉晶X射线物相分析[M]. 北京: 地质出版社, 1980
Teaching and Research Office of Geology and Mineral Petrology of Nanjing University. Powder X-ray phase analysis[M]. Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 1980. （in Chinese）
[22] 闻辂. 矿物红外光谱学[M]. 重庆: 重庆出版社, 1989
WEN Lu. The infrared spectroscopy of mineral[M]. Chongqing: Chongqing Publishing Group, 1989. （in Chinese）
[23] 肖允发, 杨华琨, 罗健, 等. 硬石膏水化和芒硝结晶膨胀性的测定[J]. 勘察科学技术,1985(5):7 − 10. [XIAO Yunfa, YANG Huakun, LUO Jian, et al. Determination of hydration of anhydrite and crystal swelling of mirabilite[J]. Site Investigation Science and Technology,1985(5):7 − 10. (in Chinese)
XIAO Yunfa, YANG Huakun, LUO Jian, et al. Determination of hydration of anhydrite and crystal swelling of mirabilite[J]. Site Investigation Science and Technology, 1985(5): 7-10(in Chinese)
-
图(11)
表(4)
计量
- 文章访问数: 2138
- PDF下载数: 62
- 施引文献: 0