Dynamic response and phreatic line calculation model of groundwater in a reservoir landslide: Exemplified by the Shiliushubao landslide
-
摘要:
库水和降雨直接导致水库滑坡地下水变动，是诱发滑坡的主要因素。已有研究大多是基于监测数据探讨库水与降雨对滑坡变形的影响，未能揭示水库滑坡地下水响应规律，地下水浸润线计算模型没有同时考虑降雨和库水的影响，且模型边界条件与水库滑坡实际情况差别较大。为了揭示大型水库滑坡地下水动态响应规律，需要构建更接近实际情况的地下水位浸润线计算模型。通过三峡水库石榴树包滑坡地下水动态监测，揭示了库水水位变化和降雨条件下滑坡地下水水位动态响应规律，其地下水渗流场近似层流，滑坡前缘和中部的地下水水位与库水位几乎同步，滑坡后部的地下水水位主要受降雨影响，日降雨30 mm会引发地下水水位明显变动。在周期性库水位变化和随机降雨耦合条件下，建立了滑坡地下水非稳定渗流微分方程，解算出水库滑坡地下水位浸润线计算模型，并采用实际监测结果进行了验证。应用计算模型分析了不同工况条件下的滑坡渗流场，并得出滑坡内距前缘水平距离145 m内，库水对地下水有影响；引发地下水变动的降雨和库水位变化阈值分别为0.03，0.1 m/d，且不同的条件组合下降雨和库水位对地下水水位影响存在一定差异。
Abstract:Reservoir water and rainfall directly lead to the change in groundwater levals, which is the main factor inducing landslide. Most of the existing studies discuss the influence of reservoir water and rainfalls on landslide deformation based on monitoring data, and fail to reveal the groundwater response law of the reservoir landslide. The groundwater saturation line calculation model does not consider the influence of rainfall and reservoir water at the same time, and the boundary conditions of the model are quite different from the actual situation of the reservoir landslide. The research is to reveal the dynamic response law of groundwater in a reservoir landslide, and construct a calculation model of groundwater phreatic line closer to the actual situation. The dynamic monitoring of the groundwater levels in the Shiliushubao landslide of the Three Gorges Reservoir was carried out, and the results reveal the dynamic response law of the groundwater levels of the landslide under the conditions of the reservoir water rise and fall and rainfall. The groundwater seepage field is similar to the laminar flow. The groundwater levels in the front and middle of the landslide are almost synchronized with the reservoir water level. The groundwater levels in the rear of the landslide are mainly affected by rainfall. Daily rainfall of 30 mm will cause obvious changes in the groundwater levels. The differential equation of landslide groundwater unsteady seepage under the coupling condition of periodic reservoir water level fluctuation and random rainfall is analyzed and established. Subsequently, the calculation model of the groundwater level infiltration line of the landslide of the reservoir is set up and used for the actual monitoring results to verify the accuracy of the modified model. The calculation results of the calculation model are employed to analyze the seepage field of the landslide under different working conditions, and it is concluded that the reservoir water level can affect the landslide within about 145 m from the front edge. The rainfall and reservoir water level change the thresholds that trigger groundwater changes are 0.03 m/d and 0.1 m/d, respectively, and there are certain differences in the impact of rainfall and reservoir water level on the groundwater levels under different combinations of working conditions.
-
-
表 1 模拟条件
Table 1. Simulation working condition
条件1 条件2 条件3 条件4 条件5 条件6 条件7 条件8 条件9 库水位变化量/m 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.5 0.5 0.5 1 1 1 降雨量/m 0 0.03 0.06 0 0.03 0.06 0 0.03 0.06 
下载: 导出CSV
-
[1] 李永康, 许强, 董远峰, 等. 库水位升降作用对动水压力型滑坡的影响—以三峡库区白家包滑坡为例[J]. 科学技术与工程,2017,17(18):18 − 24. [LI Yongkang, XU Qiang, DONG Yuanfeng, et al. Influence of reservoir water level fluctuation on typical hydrodynamic pressure landslide: Taking Baijiabao landslide in Three Gorges Reservoir for an example[J]. Science Technology and Engineering,2017,17(18):18 − 24. (in Chinese with English abstract) doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1671-1815.2017.18.003
[2] 肖诗荣, 胡志宇, 卢树盛, 等. 三峡库区水库复活型滑坡分类[J]. 长江科学院院报,2013,30(11):39 − 44. [XIAO Shirong, HU Zhiyu, LU Shusheng, et al. Classification of reservoir-triggered landslides in Three Gorges reservoir area[J]. Journal of Yangtze River Scientific Research Institute,2013,30(11):39 − 44. (in Chinese with English abstract) doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-5485.2013.11.009
[3] CHEN G F, ZHANG G D, LU S Q, et al. An attempt to quantify the lag time of hydrodynamic action based on the long-term monitoring of a typical landslide, Three Gorges, China[J]. Mathematical Problems in Engineering,2018,2018:1 − 13.
[4] IVERSON R M. Landslide triggering by rain infiltration[J]. Water Resources Research,2000,36(7):1897 − 1910. doi: 10.1029/2000WR900090
[5] HUANG D, LUO S L, ZHONG Z, et al. Analysis and modeling of the combined effects of hydrological factors on a reservoir bank slope in the Three Gorges Reservoir area, China[J]. Engineering Geology,2020,279:105858. doi: 10.1016/j.enggeo.2020.105858
[6] HUANG Q X, WANG J L, XUE X. Interpreting the influence of rainfall and reservoir infilling on a landslide[J]. Landslides,2016,13(5):1139 − 1149. doi: 10.1007/s10346-015-0644-8
[7] TANG M G, XU Q, YANG H, et al. Activity law and hydraulics mechanism of landslides with different sliding surface and permeability in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area, China[J]. Engineering Geology,2019,260:105212. doi: 10.1016/j.enggeo.2019.105212
[8] TANG H M, LI C D, HU X L, et al. Deformation response of the Huangtupo landslide to rainfall and the changing levels of the Three Gorges Reservoir[J]. Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment,2015,74(3):933 − 942. doi: 10.1007/s10064-014-0671-z
[9] SUN G H, ZHENG H, HUANG Y Y, et al. Parameter inversion and deformation mechanism of Sanmendong landslide in the Three Gorges Reservoir region under the combined effect of reservoir water level fluctuation and rainfall[J]. Engineering Geology,2016,205:133 − 145. doi: 10.1016/j.enggeo.2015.10.014
[10] LUO X Q, SUN H, THAM L G, et al. Landslide model test system and its application on the study of Shiliushubao landslide in Three Gorges reservoir area[J]. Soils and Foundations,2010,50(2):309 − 317. doi: 10.3208/sandf.50.309
[11] 常宏, 王旭升. 滑坡稳定性变化与地下水非稳定渗流初探—以三峡库区黄蜡石滑坡群石榴树包滑坡为例[J]. 地质科技情报,2004,23(1):94 − 98. [CHANG Hong, WANG Xusheng. Stability variation of a slope associated with transient groundwater flow∶ A case study on Shiliushu Bao landslide in huanglashi landslides, Three Gorges project area, China[J]. Geological Science and Technology Information,2004,23(1):94 − 98. (in Chinese with English abstract) doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-7849.2004.01.020
[12] 向玲, 王世梅, 王力. 动水压力型滑坡对库水位升降作用的响应—以三峡库区树坪滑坡为例[J]. 工程地质学报,2014,22(5):876 − 882. [XIANG Ling, WANG Shimei, WANG Li. Response of typical hydrodynamic pressure landslide to reservoir water level fluctuation: Shuping landslide in Three Gorges reservoir as an example[J]. Journal of Engineering Geology,2014,22(5):876 − 882. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[13] SONG K, WANG F W, YI Q L, et al. Landslide deformation behavior influenced by water level fluctuations of the Three Gorges Reservoir (China)[J]. Engineering Geology,2018,247:58 − 68. doi: 10.1016/j.enggeo.2018.10.020
[14] 刘庆丽, 殷坤龙, 刘磊. 三舟溪滑坡在非汛期增加库水位下降速率对其稳定性的影响[J]. 安全与环境工程,2016,23(2):102 − 109. [LIU Qingli, YIN Kunlong, LIU Lei. Effect of raising of the drawdown rate of the reservoir level on the stability of sanzhouxi landslide in non-flood season[J]. Safety and Environmental Engineering,2016,23(2):102 − 109. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[15] 谭淋耘, 黄润秋, 冯晓亮, 等. 三峡重庆库区典型滑坡监测特征与诱发机制[J]. 地质论评,2020,66(增刊1):171 − 174. [TAN Linyun, HUANG Runqiu, FENG Xiaoliang, et al. Monitoring features and induced mechanism analysis of typical landslide in Three Gorges Reservoir area of Chongqing[J]. Geological Review,2020,66(Sup1):171 − 174. (in Chinese)
[16] HUANG F M, LUO X Y, LIU W P. Stability analysis of hydrodynamic pressure landslides with different permeability coefficients affected by reservoir water level fluctuations and rainstorms[J]. Water,2017,9(7):450. doi: 10.3390/w9070450
[17] VALLET A, CHARLIER J B, FABBRI O, et al. Functioning and precipitation-displacement modelling of rainfall-induced deep-seated landslides subject to creep deformation[J]. Landslides,2016,13(4):653 − 670. doi: 10.1007/s10346-015-0592-3
[18] 姜宝良, 陈宁宁, 李小建, 等. 河南某大型裂隙岩溶水源地地下水位动态分析[J]. 水文地质工程地质,2021,48(2):37 − 43. [JIANG Baoliang, CHEN Ningning, LI Xiaojian, et al. A dynamic analysis of groundwater levels in a large fractured-Karst groundwater wellfield in Henan[J]. Hydrogeology & Engineering Geology,2021,48(2):37 − 43. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[19] 胡立堂, 郭建丽, 张寿全, 等. 永定河生态补水的地下水位动态响应[J]. 水文地质工程地质,2020,47(5):5 − 11. [HU Litang, GUO Jianli, ZHANG Shouquan, et al. Response of groundwater regime to ecological water replenishment of the Yongding River[J]. Hydrogeology & Engineering Geology,2020,47(5):5 − 11. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[20] KACIMOV A R. Analytic element solutions for seepage towards topographic depressions[J]. Journal of Hydrology,2006,318(1/2/3/4):262 − 275.
[21] WARRICK A W, WIERENGA P J, PAN L. Downward water flow through sloping layers in the vadose zone: analytical solutions for diversions[J]. Journal of Hydrology,1997,192(1/2/3/4):321 − 337.
[22] 朱岳明, 龚道勇. 三维饱和非饱和渗流场求解及其逸出面边界条件处理[J]. 水科学进展,2003,14(1):67 − 71. [ZHU Yueming, GONG Daoyong. Solution to 3-D unsteady saturated-unsaturated seepage problem and accurate treatment of saturated and unsaturated exit surfaces of seepage[J]. Advances in Water Science,2003,14(1):67 − 71. (in Chinese with English abstract) doi: 10.3321/j.issn:1001-6791.2003.01.012
[23] 陈野鹰, 唐红梅, 陈洪凯. 三峡水库岸坡渗流自由面求解方法及应用[J]. 水运工程,2006(11):16 − 19. [CHEN Yeying, TANG Hongmei, CHEN Hongkai. Seepage free surface solution of the Three Gorges reservoir bank and its application[J]. Port & Waterway Engineering,2006(11):16 − 19. (in Chinese with English abstract) doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1002-4972.2006.11.005
[24] 吴琼, 林志红. 库水位下降时隔水底板倾斜的层状岸坡中浸润线的解析解[J]. 地质科技情报,2007,26(2):91 − 94. [WU Qiong, LIN Zhihong. Analytic solutions for shallow water table in inclined and layered slope under drawdown condition[J]. Geological Science and Technology Information,2007,26(2):91 − 94. (in Chinese with English abstract) doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-7849.2007.02.017
[25] 吴琼, 唐辉明, 王亮清, 等. 库水位升降联合降雨作用下库岸边坡中的浸润线研究[J]. 岩土力学,2009,30(10):3025 − 3031. [WU Qiong, TANG Huiming, WANG Liangqing, et al. Analytic solutions for phreatic line in reservoir slope with inclined impervious bed under rainfall and reservoir water level fluctuation[J]. Rock and Soil Mechanics,2009,30(10):3025 − 3031. (in Chinese with English abstract) doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-7598.2009.10.024
[26] 张友谊, 胡卸文. 库水位等速上升作用下岸坡地下水浸润线的计算[J]. 水文地质工程地质,2007,34(5):46 − 49. [ZHANG Youyi, HU Xiewen. Calculation of saturation line of groundwater under reservoir water table uniform rising[J]. Hydrogeology & Engineering Geology,2007,34(5):46 − 49. (in Chinese with English abstract) doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-3665.2007.05.012
[27] 李相依, 晏鄂川. 库水位周期性升降作用下滑坡堆积体潜水位计算[J]. 四川大学学报(工程科学版),2007,39:84 − 87. [LI Xiangyi, YAN Echuan. Calculation of phreatic surface of bank talus under periodic fluctuating reservoir water level[J]. Journal of Sichuan University (Engineering Science Edition),2007,39:84 − 87. (in Chinese with English abstract) doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1009-3087.2007.04.017
[28] 冯文凯, 石豫川, 柴贺军, 等. 降雨及库水升降作用下地下水浸润线简化求解[J]. 成都理工大学学报(自然科学版),2006,33(1):90 − 94. [FENG Wenkai, SHI Yuchuan, CHAI Hejun, et al. The simplified solution of phreatic saturation line under the actions of rainfall and reservoir water level fluctuation[J]. Journal of Chengdu University of Technology (Science & Technology Edition),2006,33(1):90 − 94. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[29] 郑颖人, 时卫民, 孔位学. 库水位下降时渗透力及地下水浸润线的计算[J]. 岩石力学与工程学报,2004,23(18):3203 − 3210. [ZHENG Yingren, SHI Weimin, KONG Weixue. Calculation of seepage forces and phreatic surface under drawdown conditions[J]. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2004,23(18):3203 − 3210. (in Chinese with English abstract) doi: 10.3321/j.issn:1000-6915.2004.18.031
[30] CAO Y, YIN K L, ZHOU C, et al. Establishment of landslide groundwater level prediction model based on GA-SVM and influencing factor analysis[J]. Sensors,2020,20(3):845. doi: 10.3390/s20030845
[31] DUAN G H, CHEN D, NIU R Q. Forecasting groundwater level for soil landslide based on a dynamic model and landslide evolution pattern[J]. Water,2019,11(10):2163. doi: 10.3390/w11102163
[32] ZHANG M S, DONG Y, SUN P P. Impact of reservoir impoundment-caused groundwater level changes on regional slope stability: a case study in the Loess Plateau of Western China[J]. Environmental Earth Sciences,2012,66(6):1715 − 1725. doi: 10.1007/s12665-012-1728-6
[33] CHEN L H, CHEN C T, PAN Y G. Groundwater level prediction using SOM-RBFN multisite model[J]. Journal of Hydrologic Engineering,2010,15(8):624 − 631. doi: 10.1061/(ASCE)HE.1943-5584.0000218
[34] JIAO Y Y, SONG L, TANG H M, et al. Material weakening of slip zone soils induced by water level fluctuation in the ancient landslides of Three Gorges reservoir[J]. Advances in Materials Science and Engineering,2014,2014:1 − 9.
[35] XU Q, YANG H, TANG M G, et al. Variability of permeability and seepage characteristics in soil landslides: a test case in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area, China[J]. Water Supply,2019,19(8):2453 − 2463. doi: 10.2166/ws.2019.128
[36] ZHAO N H, HU B, YI Q L, et al. The coupling effect of rainfall and reservoir water level decline on the baijiabao landslide in the Three Gorges reservoir area, China[J]. Geofluids,2017,2017:1 − 12.
-
图(11)
表(1)
计量
- 文章访问数: 2005
- PDF下载数: 6
- 施引文献: 0