Dynamic response and phreatic line calculation model of groundwater in a reservoir landslide: Exemplified by the Shiliushubao landslide
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摘要:
库水和降雨直接导致水库滑坡地下水变动，是诱发滑坡的主要因素。已有研究大多是基于监测数据探讨库水与降雨对滑坡变形的影响，未能揭示水库滑坡地下水响应规律，地下水浸润线计算模型没有同时考虑降雨和库水的影响，且模型边界条件与水库滑坡实际情况差别较大。为了揭示大型水库滑坡地下水动态响应规律，需要构建更接近实际情况的地下水位浸润线计算模型。通过三峡水库石榴树包滑坡地下水动态监测，揭示了库水水位变化和降雨条件下滑坡地下水水位动态响应规律，其地下水渗流场近似层流，滑坡前缘和中部的地下水水位与库水位几乎同步，滑坡后部的地下水水位主要受降雨影响，日降雨30 mm会引发地下水水位明显变动。在周期性库水位变化和随机降雨耦合条件下，建立了滑坡地下水非稳定渗流微分方程，解算出水库滑坡地下水位浸润线计算模型，并采用实际监测结果进行了验证。应用计算模型分析了不同工况条件下的滑坡渗流场，并得出滑坡内距前缘水平距离145 m内，库水对地下水有影响；引发地下水变动的降雨和库水位变化阈值分别为0.03，0.1 m/d，且不同的条件组合下降雨和库水位对地下水水位影响存在一定差异。
Abstract:Reservoir water and rainfall directly lead to the change in groundwater levals, which is the main factor inducing landslide. Most of the existing studies discuss the influence of reservoir water and rainfalls on landslide deformation based on monitoring data, and fail to reveal the groundwater response law of the reservoir landslide. The groundwater saturation line calculation model does not consider the influence of rainfall and reservoir water at the same time, and the boundary conditions of the model are quite different from the actual situation of the reservoir landslide. The research is to reveal the dynamic response law of groundwater in a reservoir landslide, and construct a calculation model of groundwater phreatic line closer to the actual situation. The dynamic monitoring of the groundwater levels in the Shiliushubao landslide of the Three Gorges Reservoir was carried out, and the results reveal the dynamic response law of the groundwater levels of the landslide under the conditions of the reservoir water rise and fall and rainfall. The groundwater seepage field is similar to the laminar flow. The groundwater levels in the front and middle of the landslide are almost synchronized with the reservoir water level. The groundwater levels in the rear of the landslide are mainly affected by rainfall. Daily rainfall of 30 mm will cause obvious changes in the groundwater levels. The differential equation of landslide groundwater unsteady seepage under the coupling condition of periodic reservoir water level fluctuation and random rainfall is analyzed and established. Subsequently, the calculation model of the groundwater level infiltration line of the landslide of the reservoir is set up and used for the actual monitoring results to verify the accuracy of the modified model. The calculation results of the calculation model are employed to analyze the seepage field of the landslide under different working conditions, and it is concluded that the reservoir water level can affect the landslide within about 145 m from the front edge. The rainfall and reservoir water level change the thresholds that trigger groundwater changes are 0.03 m/d and 0.1 m/d, respectively, and there are certain differences in the impact of rainfall and reservoir water level on the groundwater levels under different combinations of working conditions.
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表 1 模拟条件
Table 1. Simulation working condition
条件1 条件2 条件3 条件4 条件5 条件6 条件7 条件8 条件9 库水位变化量/m 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.5 0.5 0.5 1 1 1 降雨量/m 0 0.03 0.06 0 0.03 0.06 0 0.03 0.06 
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