The response regularity of temperature and humidity of surface soil on slopes in high-cold and humid areas
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摘要:
基于长期原位监测对高寒阴湿区边坡土体温湿响应规律研究存在的不足，选取甘肃双达高速公路沿线土-岩二元结构边坡为研究对象，构建远程监测系统对边坡浅层土体温温度及大气降雨开展了为期2年多的现场监测，结合傅里叶模型与Pearson相关性分析方法，揭示了边坡土体水热迁移及降雨入渗规律，分析了边坡土体温湿度相互作用效应。研究结果表明：（1）边坡浅层土体温湿度随时间呈简谐式周期变化，且变化幅度随埋深逐渐减小，2 m深度处土体月平均温度变化具有一定滞后性，滞后时间约为30 d。（2）年内3月与9月，土体月平均温度曲线出现“纽结”现象，使边坡呈现出由春夏季表热而内凉向秋冬季表寒而内温转变的趋势。（3）春季降雨期，土体含水率增长仅发生在50 cm深度以内；夏季降雨期，降雨引起更深层土体含水率变化，因雨水持续性补充，浅层土体湿度长时间保持在35%以上。（4）土体温湿度存在较高的正相关关系，随土体埋深增加温湿度相关性增强，不同时期温湿度相互影响程度不同，年内温湿度相关性表现出“循环圈”效应。研究成果可为进一步认识边坡土体水文响应规律、水-热相关性与坡面侵蚀机理提供一定参考。
Abstract:Previous studies on the temperature and humidity of slopes in cold and humid areas based on long-term in-situ monitoring are insufficient. Therefore, a soil-rock slope along the Shuangda Expressway in Gansu Province is selected as the research object, and the humidity and temperature of shallow soil and rainfall are monitored for more than two years based on the constructed remote monitoring system. Combination of the Fourier model and Pearson correlation analysis, the soil moisture-heat migration at different depths and rainfall infiltration law are explored, and the interaction relationship between temperature and humidity is analyzed. The results show that the temperature and humidity of shallow soil change periodically in a harmonic way, and the variation range decreases gradually with the depth. In March and September, the temperature curves of each soil layer showed a ‘knot’ phenomenon, which impels the slope to change from one condition characterized by hot outside and cold inside in spring and summer to another condition characterized by cold outside and warm inside in autumn and winter. The change in mean monthly temperature of soil at a depth of 2 m has a certain lag, and the lag time is about 30 days. The depth of rainfall infiltration can occur only within the depth of 50 cm in spring, while the rainfall can infiltrate into deeper soil in summer, and the moisture content of soil stays above 35% because of sustained replenishment by rain. Soil temperature and humidity have a highly positive correlation, the correlation increases with soil depth and the correlation in different periods shows a "circulating ring" effect. The research results may provide some reference for further understanding the eco-hydrological response of soil, the water-heat correlation and the mechanism of surface erosion in terms of slope.
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表 1 监测时段内边坡温湿度情况
Table 1. Slope temperature and humidity conditions during the monitoring period
监测点 温度/℃ 湿度/% 平均值±标准差 最小值 最大值 平均值±标准差 最小值 最大值 1-1 10.31±6.030 −2.6 23.5 − − − 2-1 8.74±5.715 −3.1 22.5 27.37±3.968 18.06 39.50 3-1 10.32±5.677 0.1 21.0 27.11±1.723 23.31 35.62 1-2 10.04±5.098 0.7 18.5 26.89±1.487 23.94 31.06 2-2 8.52±4.859 0.5 18.0 28.15±2.762 23.69 37.44 3-2 10.08±4.925 1.2 18.1 28.70±1.284 25.56 32.12 1-3 9.39±3.891 2.2 15.1 29.07±2.085 26.87 39.44 2-3 8.43±3.585 2.5 14.7 28.04±1.157 25.69 30.81 3-3 9.17±3.581 2.5 14.8 29.89±1.272 27.06 33.25 1-4 8.91±3.004 3.3 13.6 32.50±1.022 30.87 34.56 2-4 8.46±2.745 4.0 13.1 36.55±1.408 34.12 39.06 3-4 8.73±2.619 3.6 13.0 34.48±1.067 32.25 37.50 
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表 2 边坡土体水-热Pearson相关性分析结果
Table 2. Pearson correlation analysis results of water-heat of slope soil
温/湿度 T0.2 m T0.5 m T1.25 m T2.0 m H0.2 m H0.5 m H1.25 m H2.0 m T0.2 m 1 0.979 0.856 0.674 0.805 0.778 0.711 0.534 T0.5 m 0.979 1 0.928 0.774 0.843 0.839 0.803 0.644 T1.25 m 0.856 0.928 1 0.948 0.856 0.915 0.955 0.867 T2.0 m 0.674 0.774 0.948 1 0.757 0.878 0.985 0.978 H0.2 m 0.805 0.843 0.856 0.757 1 0.941 0.794 0.641 H0.5 m 0.778 0.839 0.915 0.878 0.941 1 0.923 0.808 H1.25 m 0.711 0.803 0.955 0.985 0.794 0.923 1 0.955 H2.0 m 0.534 0.644 0.867 0.978 0.641 0.808 0.955 1
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