A study of the relationship between ecological water conveyance and water surface area of the Qingtu Lake based on GSFLOW
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摘要:
西北地区水资源匮乏，生态环境脆弱，如何科学处理生产用水与生态用水的关系一直是西北干旱区水资源开发利用中关注和研究的热点难点课题之一。关于流域中上游生态输水与尾闾湖水域面积（或湿地面积）关系的定量化研究较少。以我国西北干旱区河西走廊石羊河流域的尾闾湖—青土湖为例，利用GSFLOW建立了区域地表水-地下水耦合模型，其中采用LAK模块及SFR2模块分别处理湖泊和输水渠道，在此基础上预测了不同生态输水方案下湖泊湖面面积的变化情况，分析了青土湖生态输水量-湖水面积关系，确定了青土湖生态输水的合理范围。研究结果显示：当前3100×104 m3/a的生态输水量可以保证青土湖维持年内最高湖水水位1212.23 m（平均水位1211.68 m），稳定最大面积可达16.27 km2；当输水量为2000×104~3700×104 m3/a时，随输水量增大水面面积线性增加，面积变化率相对稳定；当输水量为3700×104~4500×104 m3/a时，水面面积随生态输水量增多，面积增大率逐渐减小；当输水量大于4500×104 m3/a时，水面面积随生态输水增多增大幅度很小，特别是当生态输水量大于5500×104 m3/a时，面积变化率趋近于0。从维持当前青土湖水面面积和向青土湖生态输水的效益考虑，红崖山水库向青土湖的生态输水量应保持在3100×104~4500×104 m3/a。研究成果对于确定西北干旱区合理生态需水，协调生态、经济、社会用水可持续发展具有一定的参考价值。
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关键词:
- 青土湖 /
- 生态输水-水面面积关系 /
- 数值模拟 /
- 地下水-地表水耦合模型
Abstract:Water resources are scarce and ecological environment is fragile in the arid regions of northwest China. How to scientifically deal with the relationship between production water and ecological water has always been one of the hotspot and difficult issues in the field of water resources development and utilization in northwest arid areas. However, there are few quantitative studies on the relationship between the ecological water conveyance from the middle and upper reaches of the basin to the downstream terminal lake (wetland) and the area of the terminal lake (wetland). In this paper, Qingtu Lake, the terminal lake of the Shiyang River Basin in Gansu Province, is taken as an example. A coupled model of surface water and groundwater is established using GSFLOW software, among which, LAK module and SFR2 module are used to treat the lake and water channel, respectively. Based on this, the changes of surface area of the Qingtu Lake under different ecological water conveyance schemes are predicted. The appropriate range of ecological water conveyance to the Qingtu Lake is determined. The results show that the current ecological water conveyance of 3100×104 m3/a can ensure the highest water level of Qingtu Lake of 1212.23 m (the average water level of 1211.68 m) and the corresponding water surface area of 16.27 km2. The relationship between ecological water conveyance and water surface area is as follow. When the water delivery is in the range of 2000×104−3700×104 m3/a, the water surface area increases obviously and the area change rate is relatively stable with the increase of water conveyance; when the water delivery is in the range of 3700×104−4500×104 m3/a, the increasing water surface area gradually decreases and the area change rate gradually decreases with the increasing water conveyance; and when the water conveyance is more than 4500×104 m3/a, the increase of water surface area with the increasing ecological water conveyance is very small, especially when the ecological water conveyance is more than 5500×104 m3/a, the change rate of water surface area tends to 0. Considering the demand for maintaining the current water surface area of the Qingtu Lake and the benefits of ecological water conveyance, the ecological water conveyance volume from the Hongyashan reservoir to the Qingtu lake should be in range of 3100×104−4500×104 m3/a. The results are of certain reference value in determining the local ecological water demand and maintaining the coordinated and sustainable development of local ecology, economy and society.
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表 1 不同生态输水方案下2039年预测湖泊水均衡情况
Table 1. Predicted lake water balance in 2039 under different ecological water conveyance schemes
/104 m3 生态
输水量补给项 排泄项 均衡量 降水量 生态入湖输水量 蒸散发量 湖泊补给地下水量 3100 147 2170 2550 14 −247 4500 162 3150 2810 463 40 6000 165 4200 2862 1518 −15 
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