Distribution characteristics of temperature field and humidity field in the unsaturated zone of fractured rock mass and their ecological significance
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摘要:
矿产资源开发及交通设施建设导致大量山体破坏，形成的高陡岩质边坡引发严重的地质安全隐患及生态功能退化等问题，高陡岩质边坡的生态修复势在必行。边坡生态修复的重点在于植被的重建，目前尚存在修复理论缺乏、重建条件不明等诸多难题。为了阐明岩质边坡内温度场和湿度场与边坡植物生长之间的关系，在山东省章丘市小东山建立试验场，开展了多期次边坡温度和相对湿度监测试验，研究了岩质边坡温度场和湿度场的分布特征，并深入分析了其生态学意义。研究表明：（1）大气温度造成了各季节监测孔内温度变化的差异性，冬季裂隙岩体非饱和带内热量从岩体深层传递到岩体表面，春季、夏季则相反，岩体内变温带的深度范围是0～467 cm，恒温带的深度大于467 cm；（2）冬季边坡内的相对湿度随着深度的增加先升高再降低，春季、夏季边坡内的相对湿度随着深度的增加逐渐升高；（3）冬季岩体内20 cm深度附近会出现水汽饱和带，夏季在20 ～40 cm深度处开始出现水汽饱和带并往更深处延伸；（4）岩体内温度和湿度适宜植物生长，将植物在春季种于20 cm深度附近更易于存活。研究结果对于指导岩质边坡生态修复工作具有重要的理论意义与应用价值。
Abstract:Exploitation of mineral resources and construction of traffic facilities have led to the destruction of a large number of mountains, resulting in the formation of high and steep rock slopes, which have caused serious geological safety hazards and ecological function degradation. The ecological restoration of high and steep rock slopes is imperative. The key of slope ecological restoration is vegetation reconstruction. At present, there are still many problems such as lack of restoration theory and unclear reconstruction conditions. In order to clarify the relationship between the temperature and humidity fields and the plant growth in the rock slope, this study established a test site near Xiaodongshan in the city of Zhangqiu in Shandong Province. Multi-period monitoring experiments on the temperature and humidity field in the rock slope were carried out, the distribution characteristics of the temperature and humidity field in the rock slope are examined, and their ecological significance is analyzed in detail. The results show that (1) the atmospheric temperature causes the difference of the temperature variation in the monitoring hole in different seasons. In winter, the heat in the unsaturated zone of fractured rock mass is transferred from deep layer to surface layer, but in spring and summer it is opposite, The depth of the variable temperature zone ranges from 0 − 467 cm, and the depth of the constant temperature zone is greater than 467 cm. (2) In winter, the relative humidity in the slope first increases and then decreases with the increasing depth. In spring and summer, the relative humidity in the slope increases gradually with the increasing depth. (3) The water vapor saturated zone appears near the depth of 20 cm in winter, and begins to appear at the depth of 20 − 40 cm in summer and extends deeper. (4) The temperature and humidity in the rock mass are suitable for the growth of plants, and the plants are easier to survive if they are planted near the depth of 20 cm in spring. The results are of has important theoretical significance and application value for guiding the ecological restoration of rock slopes.
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表 1 昼夜温差统计表
Table 1. Statistics of day-night temperature difference
季节 孔高/m 昼夜温差/°C 0 cm 20 cm 40 cm 80 cm 120 cm 200 cm 冬季 2 — 0.62 0.36 0.15 0.11 0.04 10 4.28 0.24 0.11 0.06 0.06 0.06 18 — 0.34 0.28 0.12 0.12 0.07 春季 2 — 0.40 0.23 0.05 0.04 0.05 10 3.30 0.33 0.02 0.04 0.05 0.04 18 3.32 0.54 0.12 0.04 0.05 0.06 夏季 2 1.01 0.67 0.15 0.05 0.04 0.03 10 — 0.52 0.01 0.02 0.02 0.01 18 — 0.75 0.2 0.05 0.02 0.02 注：表格中“—”表示数据缺失。 
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表 2 季节变温带与恒温带界限值
Table 2. Limited values between the seasonal variable temperate band and the constant temperature band
监测季节 季节变温带与恒温带界限值/cm K1 K2 K3 冬季 349 353 433 春季 293 296 332 夏季 467 459 642
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表 3 湿度场三带划分依据
Table 3. Three-zone classification basis for the humidity field
湿度场三带 欠饱和带 近饱和带 饱和态带 平均相对湿度 <95% [95%，100%） 100%
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