高海拔地区宽级配泥石流冲击拦砂坝试验研究

何胜庆; 郑达; 张文

doi:10.16030/j.cnki.issn.1000-3665.202211009

高海拔地区宽级配泥石流冲击拦砂坝试验研究

1.
地质灾害防治与地质环境保护国家重点实验室（成都理工大学），四川成都　610059

2.
中国地质科学院探矿工艺研究所, 四川成都　611734

基金项目: 西藏自治区自然资源厅项目（藏财采［2020］0890-1）；成都理工大学地质灾害防治与地质环境保护国家重点实验室自主研究课题(SKLGP2020Z008)

详细信息

作者简介: 何胜庆（1999—），男，硕士研究生，主要从事岩土工程方面的研究。E-mail：2486681236@qq.com

通讯作者: 郑达(1977—)，男，博士，教授，主要从事地质灾害评价防治及高边坡稳定性教学与研究工作。E-mail：da.zheng@cdut.edu.cn

中图分类号: TV144；P642.23

收稿日期: 2022-11-03

修回日期: 2023-02-24

录用日期: 2023-02-24

刊出日期: 2024-01-15

Experimental study on the impact of wide graded debris flow on check dam in high altitude area

1.
State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection （Chengdu University of Technology）, Chengdu, Sichuan　610059, China

2.
Institute of Exploration Technology, CAGS, Chengdu, Sichuan　611734, China

More Information

Corresponding author: ZHENG Da, da.zheng@cdut.edu.cn

Received Date: 03 November 2022

Revised Date: 24 February 2023

Accepted Date: 24 February 2023

Publish Date: 15 January 2024

摘要

摘要:
在高海拔地区，由于山高谷深，坡表物质受物理风化严重，物源级配宽度范围大，泥石流的发育频率高，冲击力大，导致拦砂坝损毁严重。为研究高海拔地区宽级配泥石流对拦砂坝的冲击规律，以西藏地区发育的泥石流为原型，建立宽级配泥石流冲击拦砂坝的物理试验模型，选取泥石流容重、水槽坡度与泥石流固相最大粒径为变量，进行27组水槽试验，研究冲击力特征。结果表明：（1）宽级配泥石流在冲击拦砂坝过程中经历“冲击爬高、旋滚回流、堆积回淤”3个接触演化阶段，泥石流容重越小，爬高越大，冲淤过程的阶段性表现越明显；（2）拦砂坝的坝前冲击力随宽级配泥石流容重的增大而减小，在相同坡度和级配的条件下，容重越大，水流携带固体物源运动越困难，泥石流流速降低，泥石流的冲击力减小；（3）拦砂坝的坝前冲击力随沟槽坡度增大而增大，沟槽坡度越大，宽级配泥石流的流速和流深越大，泥石流冲击力就越大，并且泥石流固相粒径越大，坡度对冲击力的影响效果越明显；（4）拦砂坝的坝前冲击力随宽级配泥石流固相最大粒径增大而增大，且变化趋势较泥石流容重及沟槽坡度条件改变时更加显著，最大粒径与泥石流流速、流深没有明显规律关系。研究成果将为宽级配泥石流防治和研究提供一定的数据参考。
- 宽级配 /
- 泥石流 /
- 拦砂坝 /
- 冲击特性 /
- 物理模拟试验
Abstract:
The impact force of debris flow is the main cause of damage and destruction of check dam. In high altitude area, due to high mountains and deep valleys, serious physical weathering of surface materials, a wide range of source materials gradation, high frequency of debris flow occurence and high impact force, the damages induced by debris flow to the check dam are significant. To study the impact characteristics of the wide graded debris flow on check dam in high altitude area, the debris flow developed in Tibet is taking as a prototype. A physical test model of the impact check dam of wide graded debris flow is established. The unit weight of debris flow, the slope of flume and the maximum particle size of debris flow solid are selected as variable factors. 27 groups of flume tests were carried out to study the characteristics of impact force. The results show that: (1) Wide-graded debris flow mainly undergoes three contact evolution stages during the process of impact retaining dam, i.e. impact climbing-rolling return flow-accumulation and silting. The smaller of the debris flow volume weight could lead to a higher climbing distance, and more obvious stage performance of sourcing and sliting process. (2) The impact force in front of the dam decreases with the increase of the bulk weight of wide-graded debris flow. Under the same slope and gradation, a larger the bulk weight of debris flow materials lead to a lower velocity of the debris flow materials and less impact force, because it is more difficult to carry solid material sources. (3) The impact force in front of the dam increases with the increase of the groove gradient. The larger the groove gradient, the greater the flow velocity and flow depth of wide-graded debris flow, the greater the impact force of debris flow. The larger the particle size of solid phase of debris flow, the more significant the impact of slope on impact force. (4) The impact force in front of the sand bar increases with the increase of the maximum particle size of the solid phase of the wide graded debris flow, and the change trend is more significant than when the volume density of the debris flow and the slope conditions of the groove change. The maximum particle size has no obvious regular relationship with the velocity and depth of the debris flow. The research results will provide certain data reference for the prevention and research of wide graded debris flows.
- wide grading materials /
- debris flow /
- check-dams /
- impact characteristics /
- physical simulation test

HTML全文

图 1 区内典型沟道物源

Figure 1.

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 2 泥石流重度分布频数直方图

Figure 2.

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 3 区内拦砂坝受冲击破坏损毁

Figure 3.

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 4 泥石流水槽试验装置

Figure 4.

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 5 拦砂坝模型参数

Figure 5.

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 6 试验土样粒径累计曲线

Figure 6.

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 7 容重1400 kg/m³、沟槽坡度17°泥石流过坝特征

Figure 7.

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 8 容重1600 kg/m³、沟槽坡度17°泥石流过坝特征

Figure 8.

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 9 容重1800 kg/m³、沟槽坡度17°泥石流过坝特征

Figure 9.

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 10 泥石流容重对坝前冲击力的影响

Figure 10.

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 11 泥石流容重改变时坝前冲击力的变化率

Figure 11.

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 12 19°沟槽坡度泥石流容重与其他特征参数的关系

Figure 12.

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 13 沟槽坡度对坝前冲击力的影响

Figure 13.

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 14 沟槽坡度改变时坝前冲击力的变化率

Figure 14.

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 15 1600 kg/m³容重条件沟槽坡度与泥石流特征参数的关系

Figure 15.

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 16 最大粒径对坝前冲击力的影响

Figure 16.

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 17 最大粒径改变时坝前冲击力的变化率

Figure 17.

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 18 1600 kg/m³容重条件最大粒径与泥石流特征参数的关系

Figure 18.

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

表 1 试验组次设计

Table 1. Design of experimental groups

序号	颗粒级配	泥石流容重/（kg·m⁻³）	沟槽坡度/（°）	试验次数
1	清水	1000	17，19，21	3
2	最大粒径40 mm	1400，1600，1800	17，19，21	9
3	最大粒径30 mm	1400，1600，1800	17，19，21	9
4	最大粒径20 mm	1400，1600，1800	17，19，21	9

下载: 导出CSV

表 2 试验结果

Table 2. Summary of experimental results

组号	容重/ （kg·m⁻³）	坡度/ （°）	最大粒径/ mm	流速/ （m·s⁻¹）	流深/ cm	弗洛德数	平均冲击力/ kPa
1	1400	17	20	3.08	2.90	5.91	15.08
2	1400	17	30	2.98	4.10	4.80	30.30
3	1400	17	40	3.12	3.50	5.44	45.58
4	1400	19	20	3.38	2.90	6.52	10.50
5	1400	19	30	3.53	3.40	6.29	30.71
6	1400	19	40	3.87	3.50	6.80	76.03
7	1400	21	20	3.58	4.10	5.85	25.91
8	1400	21	30	3.93	3.50	6.95	42.06
9	1400	21	40	4.07	5.00	6.01	86.73
10	1600	17	20	2.03	2.90	3.90	8.65
11	1600	17	30	2.24	3.60	3.86	24.41
12	1600	17	40	2.07	2.90	3.97	37.59
13	1600	19	20	2.40	3.20	4.41	11.32
14	1600	19	30	2.76	4.00	4.53	25.09
15	1600	19	40	2.47	3.60	4.28	70.68
16	1600	21	20	2.93	3.60	5.10	23.22
17	1600	21	30	3.33	3.80	5.65	28.95
18	1600	21	40	3.64	4.50	5.67	82.35
19	1800	17	20	1.89	2.80	3.69	5.53
20	1800	17	30	2.31	2.20	5.08	19.59
21	1800	17	40	2.89	3.10	5.36	28.56
22	1800	19	20	2.05	2.50	4.26	7.90
23	1800	19	30	2.18	3.10	4.07	17.90
24	1800	19	40	1.92	4.00	3.15	35.25
25	1800	21	20	2.35	3.30	4.28	9.25
26	1800	21	30	2.45	3.10	4.60	19.53
27	1800	21	40	2.47	3.30	4.50	63.81

下载: 导出CSV

参考文献(34)

[1]	张文举,何昌荣. 宽级配泥石流砾石土的动强度试验研究[J]. 四川水力发电,2003,22(1):66 − 69. [ZHANG Wenju,HE Changrong. Experimental study on dynamic strength of gravel soil with wide gradation debris flow[J]. Sichuan Hydro Power,2003,22(1):66 − 69. (in Chinese) ZHANG Wenju, HE Changrong. Experimental study on dynamic strength of gravel soil with wide gradation debris flow[J]. Sichuan Hydro Power, 2003, 22（1）: 66 − 69. （in Chinese）
[2]	何坤,胡卸文,刘波,等. 川藏铁路某车站泥石流群发育特征及对线路的影响[J]. 水文地质工程地质,2021,48(5):137 − 149. [HE Kun,HU Xiewen,LIU Bo,et al. Characteristics and potential engineering perniciousness of the debris flow group in one station of the Sichuan-Tibet Railway[J]. Hydrogeology & Engineering Geology,2021,48(5):137 − 149. (in Chinese with English abstract) HE Kun, HU Xiewen, LIU Bo, et al. Characteristics and potential engineering perniciousness of the debris flow group in one station of the Sichuan-Tibet Railway[J]. Hydrogeology & Engineering Geology, 2021, 48（5）: 137 − 149. （in Chinese with English abstract）
[3]	赵志男,李滨,高杨,等. 西藏然乌湖口高位地质灾害变形特征分析[J]. 中国地质灾害与防治学报,2021,32(3):25 − 32. [ZHAO Zhinan,LI Bin,GAO Yang,et al. Analysis of deformation characteristics of high geological disasters in Ranwuhukou,Tibet[J]. The Chinese Journal of Geological Hazard and Control,2021,32(3):25 − 32. (in Chinese with English abstract) ZHAO Zhinan, LI Bin, GAO Yang, et al. Analysis of deformation characteristics of high geological disasters in Ranwuhukou, Tibet[J]. The Chinese Journal of Geological Hazard and Control, 2021, 32（3）: 25 − 32. （in Chinese with English abstract）
[4]	高波,张佳佳,王军朝,等. 西藏天摩沟泥石流形成机制与成灾特征[J]. 水文地质工程地质,2019,46(5):144 − 153. [GAO Bo,ZHANG Jiajia,WANG Junchao,et al. Formation mechanism and disaster characteristics of debris flow in the Tianmo gully in Tibet[J]. Hydrogeology & Engineering Geology,2019,46(5):144 − 153. (in Chinese with English abstract) GAO Bo, ZHANG Jiajia, WANG Junchao, et al. Formation mechanism and disaster characteristics of debris flow in the Tianmo gully in Tibet[J]. Hydrogeology & Engineering Geology, 2019, 46（5）: 144 − 153. （in Chinese with English abstract）
[5]	罗荣章,徐则民. 怒江东月各特大泥石流流域几何形态学特征[J]. 水文地质工程地质,2016,43(6):141 − 147. [LUO Rongzhang,XU Zemin. Basin morphology characteristics of the giant debris flow in the Dongyuege gully near the Nujiang River[J]. Hydrogeology & Engineering Geology,2016,43(6):141 − 147. (in Chinese with English abstract) LUO Rongzhang, XU Zemin. Basin morphology characteristics of the giant debris flow in the Dongyuege gully near the Nujiang River[J]. Hydrogeology & Engineering Geology, 2016, 43（6）: 141 − 147. （in Chinese with English abstract）
[6]	徐腾辉,冯文凯,魏昌利,等. 高寒高海拔山区南门关沟泥石流成因机制分析[J]. 水利与建筑工程学报,2015,13(5):90 − 96. [XU Tenghui,FENG Wenkai,WEI Changli,et al. Formation mechanism of debris flows at nanmenguan gully in the area with high altitude and extremely cold climate[J]. Journal of Water Resources and Architectural Engineering,2015,13(5):90 − 96. (in Chinese with English abstract) XU Tenghui, FENG Wenkai, WEI Changli, et al. Formation mechanism of debris flows at nanmenguan gully in the area with high altitude and extremely cold climate[J]. Journal of Water Resources and Architectural Engineering, 2015, 13（5）: 90 − 96. （in Chinese with English abstract）
[7]	刘兴荣,魏新平,陈豫津,等. 基于增量加载法的泥石流拦挡坝抗冲击力数值模拟——以甘肃舟曲三眼峪沟泥石流拦挡坝为例[J]. 中国地质灾害与防治学报,2021,32(2):78 − 83. [LIU Xingrong,WEI Xinping,CHEN Yujin,et al. Numerical simulation of impact resistance of debris flow dam:A case study of the debris flow dam in Sanyanyu Gully,Zhouqu County,Gansu Province[J]. The Chinese Journal of Geological Hazard and Control,2021,32(2):78 − 83. (in Chinese with English abstract) LIU Xingrong, WEI Xinping, CHEN Yujin, et al. Numerical simulation of impact resistance of debris flow dam: A case study of the debris flow dam in Sanyanyu Gully, Zhouqu County, Gansu Province[J]. The Chinese Journal of Geological Hazard and Control, 2021, 32（2）: 78 − 83. （in Chinese with English abstract）
[8]	SCHEIDL C,CHIARI M,KAITNA R,et al. Analysing debris-flow impact models,based on a small scale modelling approach[J]. Surveys in Geophysics,2013,34(1):121 − 140. doi: 10.1007/s10712-012-9199-6
[9]	张睿骁,樊晓一,姜元俊. 滑坡碎屑流冲击拦挡结构的离散元模拟[J]. 水文地质工程地质. 2019,46(1):148 − 155. [ZHANG Ruixiao,FAN Xiaoyi,JIANG Yuanjun. Discrete element simulation of the impact of landslide debris flow on resistive structures [J] Hydrogeology & Engineering Geology 2019,46(1):148 − 155. (in Chinese with English abstract) ZHANG Ruixiao, FAN Xiaoyi, JIANG Yuanjun. Discrete element simulation of the impact of landslide debris flow on resistive structures [J] Hydrogeology & Engineering Geology 2019, 46（1）: 148 − 155. （in Chinese with English abstract）
[10]	SONG D,CHOI C E,NG C W W,et al. Geophysical flows impacting a flexible barrier:Effects of solid-fluid interaction[J]. Landslides,2018,15(1):99 − 110. doi: 10.1007/s10346-017-0856-1
[11]	于献彬,陈晓清,王道正,等. 黏性泥石流浆体对拦砂坝冲击规律研究[J]. 人民黄河,2017,39(3):37 − 44. [YU Xianbin,CHEN Xiaoqing,WANG Daozheng,et al. Study on the impact rule of viscous debris flow to check dams[J]. Yellow River,2017,39(3):37 − 44. (in Chinese with English abstract) YU Xianbin, CHEN Xiaoqing, WANG Daozheng, et al. Study on the impact rule of viscous debris flow to check dams[J]. Yellow River, 2017, 39（3）: 37 − 44. （in Chinese with English abstract）
[12]	赵海鑫,游勇,柳金峰,等. 泥石流浆体冲击拦砂坝荷载计算的实验研究[J]. 防灾减灾工程学报,2017,37(5):756 − 762. [ZHAO Haixin,YOU Yong,LIU Jinfeng,et al. Experimental study on debris flow slurry impact[J]. Journal of Disaster Prevention and Mitigation Engineering,2017,37(5):756 − 762. (in Chinese with English abstract) ZHAO Haixin, YOU Yong, LIU Jinfeng, et al. Experimental study on debris flow slurry impact[J]. Journal of Disaster Prevention and Mitigation Engineering, 2017, 37（5）: 756 − 762. （in Chinese with English abstract）
[13]	樊圆圆,宋玲,魏学利. 基于水槽试验的冰碛土泥石流启动机理分析——以中巴公路艾尔库然沟为例[J]. 中国地质灾害与防治学报,2021,32(1):1 − 9. [FAN Yuanyuan,SONG Ling,WEI Xueli. Analysis of the start-up mechanism of moraine debris flow based on flume test:A case study of the Aierkuran Gully along the Sino-Pakistan highway[J]. The Chinese Journal of Geological Hazard and Control,2021,32(1):1 − 9. (in Chinese with English abstract) FAN Yuanyuan, SONG Ling, WEI Xueli. Analysis of the start-up mechanism of moraine debris flow based on flume test: A case study of the Aierkuran Gully along the Sino-Pakistan highway[J]. The Chinese Journal of Geological Hazard and Control, 2021, 32（1）: 1 − 9. （in Chinese with English abstract）
[14]	王翔,陈果,戴晓爱,等. 藏西南典型危险性冰湖监测与泥石流溃决模拟[J]. 山地学报,2021,39(5):687 − 700. [WANG Xiang,CHEN Guo,DAI Xiaoai,et al. Typical monitoring of dangerous glacial lakes in southwestern Tibet,China and simulation of GLOF debris flow[J]. Mountain Research,2021,39(5):687 − 700. (in Chinese with English abstract) WANG Xiang, CHEN Guo, DAI Xiaoai, et al. Typical monitoring of dangerous glacial lakes in southwestern Tibet, China and simulation of GLOF debris flow[J]. Mountain Research, 2021, 39（5）: 687 − 700. （in Chinese with English abstract）
[15]	向灵芝,杨为民,范玮佳. 典型地震扰动区泥石流堆积体工程特性及其启动机制[J]. 南水北调与水利科技,2016,14(6):176 − 182. [XIANG Lingzhi,YANG Weimin,FAN Weijia. Discussion on engineering characteristics of debris flow deposits and its initiating mechanism in typical earthquake disturbance area[J]. South-to-North Water Transfers and Water Science & Technology,2016,14(6):176 − 182. (in Chinese with English abstract) XIANG Lingzhi, YANG Weimin, FAN Weijia. Discussion on engineering characteristics of debris flow deposits and its initiating mechanism in typical earthquake disturbance area[J]. South-to-North Water Transfers and Water Science & Technology, 2016, 14（6）: 176 − 182. （in Chinese with English abstract）
[16]	王洋,崔鹏,王兆印,等. 泥石流龙头的形成及特征研究[J]. 水利学报,2017,48(4):473 − 479. [WAHG Yang,CUI Peng,WANG Zhaoyin,et al. Study on the formation and characteristics of height of debris flow head[J]. Journal of Hydraulic Engineering,2017,48(4):473 − 479. (in Chinese with English abstract) WAHG Yang, CUI Peng, WANG Zhaoyin, et al. Study on the formation and characteristics of height of debris flow head[J]. Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, 2017, 48（4）: 473 − 479. （in Chinese with English abstract）
[17]	刘佳,赵海军,马凤山,等. 我国高寒山区泥石流研究现状. 工程地质学报,2020,28(增刊1):77 − 85. [LIU Jia,ZHAO Haijun,MA Fengshan,et al. Recent study status of debris flow in the frigid alpine mountain area in China. Journal of Engineering Geology,2020,28(Sup 1):77 − 85. (in Chinese with English abstract) LIU Jia, ZHAO Haijun, MA Fengshan, et al. Recent study status of debris flow in the frigid alpine mountain area in China. Journal of Engineering Geology, 2020, 28（Sup 1）: 77 − 85. （in Chinese with English abstract）
[18]	何晓英,陈洪凯,唐红梅,等. 泥石流龙头冲击特性模型实验研究[J]. 重庆交通大学学报(自然科学版),2014,33(1):85 − 89. [HE Xiaoying,CHEN Hongkai,TANG Hongmei,et al. Experimental study on impacting characteristics of debris flow heads[J]. Journal of Chongqing Jiaotong University (Natural Science),2014,33(1):85 − 89. (in Chinese with English abstract) HE Xiaoying, CHEN Hongkai, TANG Hongmei, et al. Experimental study on impacting characteristics of debris flow heads[J]. Journal of Chongqing Jiaotong University （Natural Science）, 2014, 33（1）: 85 − 89. （in Chinese with English abstract）
[19]	周必凡,李德基,罗德福,等. 泥石流防治指南[M]. 北京:科学出版社,1991. [ZHOU Bifan,LI Deji,LUO Defu,et al. Guide to debris flow prevention and control[M]. Beijing:Science Press,1991. (in Chinese) ZHOU Bifan, LI Deji, LUO Defu, et al. Guide to debris flow prevention and control[M]. Beijing: Science Press, 1991. （in Chinese）
[20]	刘果. 岩土体参数与场地条件对泥石流堆积特征影响研究[D]. 绵阳:西南科技大学,2019. [LIU Guo. Study on the influence of geotechnical parameters and site conditions on debris flow accumulation characteristics[D]. Mianyang:Southwest University of Science and Technology,2019. (in Chinese with English abstract) LIU Guo. Study on the influence of geotechnical parameters and site conditions on debris flow accumulation characteristics[D]. Mianyang: Southwest University of Science and Technology, 2019. （in Chinese with English abstract）
[21]	LOBOVSKÝ L,BOTIA-VERA E,CASTELLANA F,et al. Experimental investigation of dynamic pressure loads during dam break[J]. Journal of Fluids and Structures,2014,48:407 − 434. doi: 10.1016/j.jfluidstructs.2014.03.009
[22]	HELLER V. Scale effects in physical hydraulic engineering models[J]. Journal of Hydraulic Research,2011,49(3):293 − 306. doi: 10.1080/00221686.2012.668377
[23]	ARMANINI A,LARCHER M,ODORIZZI M. Dynamic impact of a debris flow front against a vertical wall[J]. Italian Journal of Engineering Geology and Environment,2011,3:1041 − 1049
[24]	CHOI C E,AU-YEUNG S C H,NG C W W,et al. Flume investigation of landslide granular debris and water runup mechanisms[J]. Géotechnique Letters,2015,5(1):28 − 32.
[25]	PUDASAINI S P,KRÖNER C. Shock waves in rapid flows of dense granular materials:Theoretical predictions and experimental results[J]. Physical Review E,2008,78(4):041308. doi: 10.1103/PhysRevE.78.041308
[26]	CUI Peng,ZENG Chao,LEI Yu. Experimental analysis on the impact force of viscous debris flow[J]. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms,2015,40(12):1644 − 1655. doi: 10.1002/esp.3744
[27]	ZHOU G G D,HU H S,SONG D,et al. Experimental study on the regulation function of slit dam against debris flows[J]. Landslides,2019,16(1):75 − 90. doi: 10.1007/s10346-018-1065-2
[28]	黄海,刘建康,杨东旭. 泥石流容重的时空变化特征及影响因素研究[J]. 水文地质工程地质,2020,47(2):161 − 168. [HUANG Hai,LIU Jiankang,YANG Dongxu. A study of the characteristics and influencing factors of spatial-temporal changes in the debris flow density[J]. Hydrogeology & Engineering Geology,2020,47(2):161 − 168. (in Chinese with English abstract) HUANG Hai, LIU Jiankang, YANG Dongxu. A study of the characteristics and influencing factors of spatial-temporal changes in the debris flow density[J]. Hydrogeology & Engineering Geology, 2020, 47（2）: 161 − 168. （in Chinese with English abstract）
[29]	王东坡,张小梅. 泥石流冲击弧形拦挡坝动力响应研究[J]. 岩土力学,2020,41(12):3851 − 3861. [WANG Dongpo,ZHANG Xiaomei. Study on dynamic response of debris flow impact arc-shaped dam[J]. Rock and Soil Mechanics,2020,41(12):3851 − 3861. (in Chinese with English abstract) WANG Dongpo, ZHANG Xiaomei. Study on dynamic response of debris flow impact arc-shaped dam[J]. Rock and Soil Mechanics, 2020, 41（12）: 3851 − 3861. （in Chinese with English abstract）
[30]	孙兴伟,刘云鹏. 大古与街需水电站工程区泥石流基本特征及冲击力试验研究[J]. 水利与建筑工程学报,2018,16(2):167 − 172. [SUN Xingwei,LIU Yunpeng. Debris flow characteristics and its impact force test in the engineering areas of Dagu and jiexu hydropower stations in Tibet[J]. Journal of Water Resources and Architectural Engineering,2018,16(2):167 − 172. (in Chinese with English abstract) doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-1144.2018.02.032 SUN Xingwei, LIU Yunpeng. Debris flow characteristics and its impact force test in the engineering areas of Dagu and jiexu hydropower stations in Tibet[J]. Journal of Water Resources and Architectural Engineering, 2018, 16（2）: 167 − 172. （in Chinese with English abstract） doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-1144.2018.02.032
[31]	李炳志,潘华利,邓其娟,等. 动床条件下泥石流运动参数变化特征实验研究[J]. 防灾减灾工程学报,2022,42(4):850 − 858. [LI Bingzhi,PAN Huali,DENG Qijuan,et al. Experimental study on variation characteristics of debris flow movement parameters under movable bed conditions[J]. Journal of Disaster Prevention and Mitigation Engineering,2022,42(4):850 − 858. (in Chinese with English abstract) LI Bingzhi, PAN Huali, DENG Qijuan, et al. Experimental study on variation characteristics of debris flow movement parameters under movable bed conditions[J]. Journal of Disaster Prevention and Mitigation Engineering, 2022, 42（4）: 850 − 858. （in Chinese with English abstract）
[32]	渠敬凯,杨为民,申俊峰,等. 甘肃岷县浑水沟泥包砾成因机制及其灾害意义[J]. 地质力学学报,2022,28(6):1046 − 1058. [QU Jingkai,YANG Weimin,SHEN Junfeng,et al. Genetic mechanism and disaster significance of muddy water ditch mud gravel in Min County,Gansu Province[J]. Journal of Geomechanics,2022,28(6):1046 − 1058. (in Chinese with English abstract) QU Jingkai, YANG Weimin, SHEN Junfeng, et al. Genetic mechanism and disaster significance of muddy water ditch mud gravel in Min County, Gansu Province[J]. Journal of Geomechanics, 2022, 28（6）: 1046 − 1058. （in Chinese with English abstract）
[33]	曾超,苏志满,雷雨,等. 泥石流浆体与大颗粒冲击力特征的试验研究[J]. 岩土力学,2015,36(7):1923 − 1930. [ZENG Chao,SU Zhiman,LEI Yu,et al. An experimental study of the characteristics of impact forces between debris flow slurry and large-sized particles[J]. Rock and Soil Mechanics,2015,36(7):1923 − 1930. (in Chinese with English abstract) ZENG Chao, SU Zhiman, LEI Yu, et al. An experimental study of the characteristics of impact forces between debris flow slurry and large-sized particles[J]. Rock and Soil Mechanics, 2015, 36（7）: 1923 − 1930. （in Chinese with English abstract）
[34]	柳春,余志祥,骆丽茹,等. 含大块石泥石流冲击作用下混凝土拦挡坝的动力学行为研究[J]. 振动与冲击,2019,38(14):161 − 168. [LIU Chun,YU Zhixiang,LUO Liru,et al. Dynamic behavior of a concrete dam impacted by debris flows with rock[J]. Journal of Vibration and Shock,2019,38(14):161 − 168. (in Chinese with English abstract) LIU Chun, YU Zhixiang, LUO Liru, et al. Dynamic behavior of a concrete dam impacted by debris flows with rock[J]. Journal of Vibration and Shock, 2019, 38（14）: 161 − 168. （in Chinese with English abstract）