Parameters optimization of seismic data acquisition for deep buried karst geothermal reservoir in sedimentary basin: A case study of the Niutuo geothermal field in Xiongan New Area
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摘要:
深层非均质性碳酸盐岩储层已经成为我国深部地热资源规模勘探的重要对象，地震探测技术在勘探开发中必不可少，但存在深部能量衰减严重、数据采集噪声发育、构造隆起区基底内幕成像困难等问题。为获取高品质深部地震勘探资料，在华北冀中平原典型地区开展了大量可控震源激发参数和检波器接收参数试验。在野外试验数据的基础上，通过对不同激发参数和接收参数获得的原始单炮记录进行定性分析，同时从频段能量、道集间频率、信噪比等方面进行定量分析，研究可控震源台数、扫描频率、扫描长度、震动次数、驱动幅度和检波器组合方式等参数的选择对地震资料质量的影响。结果表明适用于冀中平原地区深埋型岩溶热储二维地震勘探野外施工参数为：28 t可控震源4台震动4～6次，驱动幅度75%，非线性扫描（斜坡长度−3），扫描频率6～84 Hz，扫描长度12 s。按此参数施工获得原始单炮记录和数据处理剖面的质量较以往有了大幅提高，能够较为清晰地划分牛驼镇凸起构造区深部蓟县系高于庄组底界面。此次优选的地震采集参数对沉积型盆地深部地震勘探有一定的借鉴和指导意义。
Abstract:Deep heterogeneous carbonate reservoirs have become more and more important in the deep exploration of geothermal resources in China. The essential seismic exploration technology has many difficulties, such as serious attenuation of deep energy, low signal-to-noise ratio, difficult imaging of inner basement in tectonic uplift areas. In order to acquire high-quality deep seismic exploration data, a large number of vibroseis excitation parameters and geophone receiving parameters experiments have been received in a typical areas of the Central Hebei Plain in North China. On the basis of a large number of field experimental data, a qualitative analysis of the original single-shot records is carried out, and quantitative analysis is also carried out from the aspects of frequency band energy, inter-channel frequency, signal-to-noise ratio, etc., to study the parameter selection such as the number of vibroseis, sweep frequency, sweep length, vibration times, driving amplitude and geophone combination mode, which can affect the quality of the seismic data. In this paper, the field construction parameters for 2D seismic exploration of deep carbonate reservoirs in the North China Plain are optimized as follows: 4 sets of 28 tons vibrate 4–6 times, 75% driving amplitude, non-linear sweep (slope –3), 6–84 Hz sweep frequency, and 12 s sweep length. The quality of the single-shot records and data processing profiles are greatly improved after parameter optimization, which can be more clearly divided into the bottom interface of the Gaoyuzhuang Formation of the Jixian System and the top interface of the Archean Erathern in the Niutuozhen uplift tectonic area. The optimized seismic acquisition parameters are of certain reference and guiding significance for deep seismic exploration in sedimentary basins.
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表 1 试验内容一览表
Table 1. List of experiment contents
试验点 试验内容 固定参数 试验参数 炮数 1个系统
试验点震动台次 驱动幅度75%，扫描频率6～84 Hz，
非线性扫描（坡度−3），扫描长度12 s4台2次、4台4次、4台6次、
5台2次、5台4次、5台6次6 扫描频率 4台2次，驱动幅度75%，非线性扫描（坡度−3），扫描长度12 s 6～64，6～72，6～84，6～100 Hz 4 扫描方式 4台2次，驱动幅度75%，扫描频率6～84 Hz，扫描长度12 s 线性扫描、非线性扫描（坡度分别为−2和−3） 3 扫描长度 4台2次，驱动幅度75%，扫描频率6～84 Hz，非线性扫描（坡度−3） 12，14，16，20 s 4 驱动幅度 4台2次，扫描频率6～84 Hz，非线性扫描（坡度−3），扫描长度12 s 65%、70%、75% 3 7个考核
试验点震动台次 驱动幅度75%，扫描频率6～84 Hz，
非线性扫描（坡度−3），扫描长度12 s4台2次、4台4次、4台6次、
5台2次、5台4次、5台6次6 扫描频率 4台4次，驱动幅度75%，非线性扫描（坡度−3），扫描长度12 s 6～64，6～72，6～84，6～100 Hz 4 扫描长度 4台4次，驱动幅度75%，扫描频率6～84 Hz，非线性扫描（坡度−3） 12，14，16，20 s 4 合计 118 
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