Impact of reservoir characteristics on the well spacing of sandstone geothermal reservoir: A case study of Jiyang Depression
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摘要:
水热型地热资源的回灌式开采是公认的地热可持续开采方式，而采灌井距是地热项目中需要着重关注的问题，以避免开采井中的热突破现象。回灌水在热储中的运移取决于热储特征，也就是储层的透水能力，主要指热储的孔隙度、渗透率及砂泥岩组合关系等参数。基于济阳坳陷典型地热田的储层数据，采用Tough2为核心的Petrasim软件建立数值模型，系统研究了储层孔隙度、渗透率及单砂体厚度对热储中回灌水的运移以及温度场的影响。模拟结果显示：（1）储层孔隙度对回灌压力与采灌井距几乎没有影响；（2）储层渗透率对采灌率和采灌压力影响较大，控制着热储的回灌能力，但对采灌井距没有影响；（3）多次叠置的薄砂层热储中的泥岩隔层影响回灌水运移，在多层薄砂叠置的热储中回灌水水平运移距离远，温度影响范围更大，应扩大采灌井距。该研究对地热开发项目的可持续运行具有指导意义。
Abstract:The reinjection exploitation of hydrothermal resources is a recognized method of sustainable exploitation. The well space between the production and reinjection well is an essential issue because the thermal breakthrough in production well is the main negative impact during reinjection. The migration of reinjection water in the geothermal reservoir depends on the permeability of the reservoir, constrained by the geothermal reservoir characteristics. In this study, A numerical model using the Petrasim software with Tough2, as the core as well as reservoir data of each typical geothermal field in Jiyang depression, was established. The impact of the reservoir porosity and permeability and the thickness of a single sand layer on the migration of reinjection water and temperature field in the geothermal reservoir were analyzed systematically. The simulation results revealed that the reservoir porosity had a minor impact on the reinjection of the geothermal reservoir, including the reinjection pressure and the spacing of production and reinjection wells. The reservoir permeability affected the reinjection pressure, and then controlled the reinjection performance of the geothermal reservoir, while it had no impact on the spacing of production and reinjection wells. The sand layer superposition combination had a minor impact on the reinjection pressure of the geothermal reservoir. The distance of the horizontal migration of reinjection water in the multilayer stacked thin sand layers was longer, and the range of temperature influence was larger. Thus, it is necessary to expand the well space between production and reinjection well. This study is of significance for the stable operation of geothermal development projects.
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表 1 济阳坳陷热储参数
Table 1. Geothermal parameters of Jiyang Deperssion
层位 砂岩厚度/m 地温/℃ 孔隙度/% 砂层渗透率/mD 开采流量/（m3·h−1） 回灌流量/（m3·h−1） Ng 100 65 30 800 90 35 Ed 100 85 28 600 100 30 
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表 2 地热井参数及抽水试验结果
Table 2. The parameters geothermal well and well test data
地热田 井号 水温/℃ 地层 顶板埋深/m 底板埋深/m 砂体厚度/m 抽水试验 降深/m 出水量/（m3·h−1） 单位降深出水量/（m3·h−1·m−1） 海洋采油厂 HY1-1 86 Ed 2155 2350 101.0 20.4 72.2 3.5 HY1-2 86 Ed 2160 2370 102.5 19.6 85.0 4.3 HY2-1 85 Ed 2146 2320 108.3 13.5 79.0 5.9 HY2-2 85 Ed 2150 2319 109.6 11.3 72.0 6.4 HY2-3 85 Ed 2138 2310 107.1 9.5 63.0 6.6 临盘宏祥小区 LR2-1 60 Ng2 1115 1280 98.2 15.0 98.0 6.5 LR2-2 60 Ng2 1130 1297 101.3 14.5 99.0 6.8 华瑞小区 HR1 64 Ng1-2 1425 1816 97.9 49.9 60.2 1.2 HR2 53 Ng2、Ed 1457 2117 298.2 25.0 105.0 4.2
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表 4 济阳坳陷地层平均热导率
Table 4. Mean thermal conductivity of formation in Jiyang Deperssion
地层名称 地层代号 地层岩性 平均热导率/（W·m−1·°C−1） 新近系明化镇组 Nm 泥岩、砂岩 2.04 新近系馆陶组 Ng 泥岩、砂岩 1.97 古近系东营组 Ed 泥岩、砂岩 2.09 古近系沙河街组 Es 泥岩、砂岩 1.85 古近系孔店组 Ek 泥岩、砂岩 2.23 中生代 Mz 泥岩、砂岩 2.22 古生代 Pz 灰岩、泥岩、砂岩 2.87 元古代 Pre 片麻岩 2.83
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表 5 数值模型参数
Table 5. The parameters of numerical model
层位 地层平均密度/
（kg·m−3）孔隙度/% 渗透率/mD 热导率/
（W·m−1·°C−1）盖层 1800 25 10 1.34 热储层 2100 30 50 1.97 取水段 2200 30 400 1.97 底板 1900 25 10 2.21
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表 6 不同砂体类型的参数概化
Table 6. Parameters conceptualization of different types of sandstone
取水段 单层砂体类型 单层砂体厚度/m 代表性沉积相 厚100 m，
储厚比60%厚层砂岩 30 辫状河道 中厚层砂岩 15 河口坝 薄层砂岩 5 三角洲前缘
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