A study of the formation mechanism and resource development prospect of the high-temperature geothermal system in the Yanggao-Tianzhen area
-
摘要:
“双碳”背景下，山西省持续深入推进清洁能源发展，2020年3月在大同天镇县水桶寺村附近探获高温高压地热流体。为探究大同阳高—天镇地区高温地热系统及成因机制，选择阳高孤山村—平山村一带20 km2的范围作为重点研究区，采用地质调查、地球物理、钻探、测井等手段查明研究区地热赋存条件和规律。研究结果表明：（1）阳高—天镇地区的地热资源主要赋存于太古界变质岩及断裂带含水岩组中，直接热源可能为中上地壳未冷却的岩浆囊，盖层为第四系堆积物、新近系和古近系砂砾石层。（2）该地区高温地热系统为对流、传导型地热系统：一方面大气降水、地表水经孔隙渗透作用及断层裂隙通道下渗至热储位置受热形成热水，随后沿断裂通道对流上升至浅地表出露成温泉；另一方面新生代以来持续的伸展拉张环境，导致软流圈上涌，上地幔部分熔融形成的基性玄武岩浆经深部断裂通道上升至中上地壳形成多个岩浆囊，热量通过断裂或高热导率值的太古界变质岩传递至浅地表形成地热异常。（3）YG-1井抽水试验结果显示，该地区水热型地热资源以静储量为主，开发利用应考虑采用无干扰换热技术。综合分析区域地质条件，结合物探、钻探成果，认为该地区深部可能存在干热岩型地热资源，有待进一步查证。
Abstract:Under the background of “dual carbon”, Shanxi Province continues to promote the development of clean energy. In March 2020, high-temperature and high-pressure geothermal fluid was discovered near the Shuitongsi Village in Tianzhen County in Datong. In order to explore the high temperature geothermal system and its genetic mechanism in the Yanggao-Tianzhen area in Datong, an area of 20km2 in the Gushan Village-Pingshan Village of Yanggao County is selected as the key research area. Geological survey, geophysics, drilling, logging and other methods are used to find out the occurrence conditions and rules of geothermal energy in the study area. The results show that (1) the geothermal resources in the Yanggao-Tianzhen area are mainly hosted in the Archean metamorphic rocks and water-bearing formations in fault zones. The direct heat source may be from the uncooled magma chamber in the middle and upper crust, and the caproks are the Quaternary accumulation, Neogene and Paleogene gravel layer. (2) The high-temperature geothermal system in this area is the convection and conduction geothermal system. On the one hand, atmospheric precipitation and surface water may infiltrate into the geothermal reservoir through pores and fault-fissure channels to form hot water. Then, it ascends to the shallow surface by convection along the fault-channels and forms a hot spring. On the other hand, the continuous extensional environment since the Cenozoic has led to the upwelling of the asthenosphere. The basaltic magma formed by partial melting of the upper mantle rises to the middle and upper crust through deep fault channels to form multiple magma pockets. Heat is transferred to the shallow surface through faults or Archean metamorphic rocks with high thermal conductivity to form geothermal anomalies. (3) The pumping test results of the YG-1 well show that, hydrothermal geothermal resources in this area are mainly static reserves, and non-interference heat exchange technology should be considered for the development and utilization.Through a comprehensive analysis of regional geological conditions, combined with geophysical prospecting and drilling results, it is believed that there may be dry-hot rock geothermal resources in the deep part of the region, which needs further investigation.
-
-
表 1 研究区地热井统计表
Table 1. Statistics of geothermal wells in the study area
地热井编号 J-1 J-2 J-3 J-8 J-4 J-46 J-58 J-45 J-18 J-19 用途 九龙温泉洗浴 云门山温泉洗浴 吉祥温泉洗浴 阳光 99 温泉洗浴 封存 封存 封存 农田灌溉 农田灌溉 农田灌溉 孔深/m 174 195 >150 >150 154 178 >150 96 120 <100 孔口温度/℃ 42 45 45 45 62 104 90 35 28 33 单位流量/（m³∙h−1） 30 50 40 40 45 50 40 40 地层时代 第四系 第四系 第四系 第四系 第四系 新太古界 第四系 第四系 第四系 第四系 井口标高/m 1 055 1 064 — — 1 116 1 112 — 1 095 1 113 — 建井时间 2 003 2 003 — — 2 006 2 009 — 2 000 2 002 — 水位埋深/m 98.6 106.8 — — 105.4 113.5 — 90.3 113.4 — 年实际开采量/m³ 36 000 28 800 28 800 28 800 0 0 0 19 200 19 200 — 注：表中“—”表示数据无法获取。 
下载: 导出CSV
-
[1] 连碧鹏. 山西省地热能分级分类利用指南（试行）[Z]. 太原: 山西省自然资源厅, 2022
LIAN Bipeng. Guidelines for classification and utilization of geothermal energy in Shanxi Province （Trial）[Z]. Taiyuan: Department of Natural Resources of Shanxi Province, 2022. （in Chinese）
[2] 张薇,王贵玲,刘峰,等. 中国沉积盆地型地热资源特征[J]. 中国地质,2019,46(2):255 − 268. [ZHANG Wei,WANG Guiling,LIU Feng,et al. Characteristics of geothermal resources in sedimentary basins[J]. Geology in China,2019,46(2):255 − 268. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[ZHANG Wei, WANG Guiling, LIU Feng, et al. Characteristics of geothermal resources in sedimentary basins[J]. Geology in China, 2019, 46（2）: 255-268.（in Chinese with English abstract）
[3] 任高京, 韦梅华, 王斌, 等. 山西省阳高县—天镇县一带干热岩地热资源预可行性勘查报告[R]. 太原: 山西第一水文地质工程地质队, 2020
REN Gaojing, WEI Meihua, WANG Bin, et al. Prefeasibility exploration report of dry-hot rock geothermal resources in Yanggao-Tianzhen County, Shanxi Province [R]. Taiyuan: Shanxi First Hydrogeological Engineering Geological Team, 2020. （in Chinese）
[4] 潘良云, 孟令箭, 孙福利, 等. 山西大同盆地北部地热地质特征及资源潜力[J/OL]. 中国地质, （2022-06-08）[2023-04-26]. https://kns.cnki.net/kcms2/article/abstract?v=3uoqIhG8C45S0n9fL2suRadTyEVl2pW9UrhTDCdPD67egNJmI5Wv0pAPsqxN5G7KBqpM_QmU8RZ2Woa8KDglra6b-xur1tdC&uniplatform=NZKPT&src=copy
PAN Liangyun, MENG Lingjian, SUN Fuli, et al. Geothermal geological characteristics and resource potential in the north of Datong Basin, Shanxi Province[J/OL]. Geology in China, （2022-06-08）[2023-04-26].（in Chinese with English abstract）
[5] 王平, 师鹏峰. 大同地区干热岩勘查高温高压自喷井综合治理工艺[C]//中国地质学会探矿工程专业委员会. 第二十一届全国探矿工程（岩土钻掘工程）学术交流年会论文集. 北京: 地质出版社, 2021: 258 − 263
WANG Ping, SHI Pengfeng. Comprehensive treatmengt technology for high temperature and high pressure bellowing wells in hot dry rock exploration in Datong [C]//Professional Committee of Prospecting Engineering, Chinese Geological Society. Proceedings of the 21st Annual Academic Exchange Conference of National Prospecting Engineering （Geotechnical Drilling Engineering）. Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 2021: 258 − 263. （in Chinese with English abstract）
[6] 周文龙. 大同盆地东北部地热区电性结构探测研究[D]. 武汉: 中国地质大学（武汉）, 2021
ZHOU Wenlong. Electrical structure of geothermal area in northeast of Datong Basin[D]. Wuhan: China University of Geosciences（Wuhan）, 2021. （in Chinese with English abstract）
[7] 杨建中. 阳高县平山村P1地热井地热资源评价[J]. 山西建筑,2014,40(20):238 − 240. [YANG Jianzhong. On geothermal resources evaluation of P1 geothermal wells at Pingshan Village of Yanggao County[J]. Shanxi Architecture,2014,40(20):238 − 240. (in Chinese with English abstract) doi: 10.13719/j.cnki.cn14-1279/tu.2014.20.127
YANG Jianzhong. On geothermal resources evaluation of P1 geothermal wells at Pingshan Village of Yanggao County[J]. Shanxi Architecture, 2014, 40（20）: 238-240. （in Chinese with English abstract） doi: 10.13719/j.cnki.cn14-1279/tu.2014.20.127
[8] 罗全星,李传友,任光雪,等. 阳高—天镇断裂晚第四纪活动特征及滑动速率[J]. 地震地质,2020,42(2):399 − 413. [LUO Quanxing,LI Chuanyou,REN Guangxue,et al. The late quaternary activity features and slip rate of the Yanggao-Tianzhen fault[J]. Seismology and Geology,2020,42(2):399 − 413. (in Chinese with English abstract) doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-4967.2020.02.010
LUO Quanxing, LI Chuanyou, REN Guangxue, et al. The late quaternary activity features and slip rate of the Yanggao-Tianzhen fault[J]. Seismology and Geology, 2020, 42（2）: 399-413. （in Chinese with English abstract） doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-4967.2020.02.010
[9] 岑敏,董树文,施炜,等. 大同盆地形成机制的构造研究[J]. 地质论评,2015,61(6):1235 − 1247. [CEN Min,DONG Shuwen,SHI Wei. et al. Structural analysis on the formation mechanism of Datong Basin[J]. Geological Review,2015,61(6):1235 − 1247. (in Chinese with English abstract) doi: 10.16509/j.georeview.2015.06.004
CEN Min, DONG Shuwen, SHI Wei. et al. Structural analysis on the formation mechanism of Datong Basin[J]. Geological Review, 2015, 61（6）: 1235-1247. （in Chinese with English abstract） doi: 10.16509/j.georeview.2015.06.004
[10] 朱日祥,陈凌,吴福元,等. 华北克拉通破坏的时间、范围与机制[J]. 中国科学(D辑:地球科学),2011,41(5):583 − 592. [ZHU Rixiang,CHEN Ling,WU Fuyuan,et al. Time,scope and mechanism of North China Craton destruction[J]. Scientia Sinica (Terrae),2011,41(5):583 − 592. (in Chinese) doi: 10.1360/zd-2011-41-5-583
ZHU Rixiang, CHEN Ling, WU Fuyuan, et al. Time, scope and mechanism of North China Craton destruction[J]. Scientia Sinica （Terrae）, 2011, 41（5）: 583-592. （in Chinese） doi: 10.1360/zd-2011-41-5-583
[11] SHI Wei,CEN Min,CHEN Long,et al. Evolution of the late Cenozoic tectonic stress regime in the Shanxi Rift,central North China Plate inferred from new fault kinematic analysis[J]. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences,2015,114:54 − 72. doi: 10.1016/j.jseaes.2015.04.044
[12] 刘爱荣,徐永婧,刘成林,等. 大同盆地地质特征及构造演化研究[J]. 现代地质,2021,35(5):1296 − 1310. [LIU Airong,XU Yongjing,LIU Chenglin,et al. Geological characteristics and tectonic evolution of Datong Basin[J]. Geoscience,2021,35(5):1296 − 1310. (in Chinese with English abstract) doi: 10.19657/j.geoscience.1000-8527.2020.067
LIU Airong, XU Yongjing, LIU Chenglin, et al. Geological characteristics and tectonic evolution of Datong Basin[J]. Geoscience, 2021, 35（5）: 1296-1310. （in Chinese with English abstract） doi: 10.19657/j.geoscience.1000-8527.2020.067
[13] HE Lipeng, GUO Zhen, CHEN Yongshun John, et al. Seismic imaging of a magma chamber and melt recharge of the dormant Datong volcanoes[J]. Earth and Space Science, 2021, 8: e2021EA00193.
[14] LI Shilin,GUO Zhen,CHEN Yongshun John,et al. Lithospheric structure of the Northern Ordos from ambient noise and teleseismic surface wave tomography[J]. Journal of Geophysical Research:Solid Earth,2018,123(8):6940 − 6957.
[15] LEI Jianshe. Upper-mantle tomography and dynamics beneath the North China Craton[J]. Journal of Geophysical Research:Solid Earth,2012,117(B6):B06313.
[16] XU Hongrui, LUO Yinhe, YANG Yingjie, et al. Three-dimensional crustal structures of the Shanxi rift constructed by Rayleigh wave dispersion curves and ellipticity: Implication for sedimentation, intraplate volcanism, and seismicity[J]. Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, 2020, 125（11）: e2020JB020146.
[17] ZHANG Huiqian,HUANG Qinghua,ZHAO Guoze,et al. Three-dimensional conductivity model of crust and uppermost mantle at the northern Trans North China Orogen:Evidence for a mantle source of Datong volcanoes.[J]. Earth and Planetary Science Letters,2016,453:182 − 192. doi: 10.1016/j.jpgl.2016.08.025
[18] XU Xiaobing,ZHAO Liang,WANG Kun,et al. Indication from finite-frequency tomography beneath the North China Craton:The heterogeneity of craton destruction[J]. Science China Earth Sciences,2018,61(9):1238 − 1260. doi: 10.1007/s11430-017-9201-y
[19] ZHOU Wenlong,HU Xiangyun,GUO Hongdang,et al. Three-dimensional magnetotelluric inversion reveals the typical geothermal structure of Yanggao geothermal field in Datong Basin,Northern China[J]. Geothermics,2022,105:102505. doi: 10.1016/j.geothermics.2022.102505
[20] ZHOU Wenlong,HU Xiangyun,YAN Shilong,et al. Genetic analysis of geothermal resources and geothermal geological characteristics in Datong Basin,Northern China[J]. Energies,2020,13(7):1792. doi: 10.3390/en13071792
[21] 窦素芹,张世民. 大同盆地第四纪火山与盆地内地震活动的关系[J]. 地壳构造与地壳应力文集,1996(1):52 − 58. [DOU Suqin,ZHANG Shimin. The relation between Quanternary volcano and earthquake activity in the Datong Basin[J]. Bulletin of the Institute of Crustal Dynamics,1996(1):52 − 58. (in Chinese with English abstract)
DOU Suqin, ZHANG Shimin. The relation between Quanternary volcano and earthquake activity in the Datong Basin[J]. Bulletin of the Institute of Crustal Dynamics, 1996（1）: 52-58. （in Chinese with English abstract）
[22] 宋美琴,郑勇,葛粲,等. 山西地震带中小震精确位置及其显示的山西地震构造特征[J]. 地球物理学报,2012,55(2):513 − 525. [SONG Meiqin,ZHENG Yong,GE Can,et al. Relocation of small to moderate earthquakes in Shanxi Province and its relation to the seismogenic structures[J]. Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2012,55(2):513 − 525. (in Chinese with English abstract)
SONG Meiqin, ZHENG Yong, GE Can, et al. Relocation of small to moderate earthquakes in Shanxi Province and its relation to the seismogenic structures[J]. Chinese Journal of Geophysics, 2012, 55（2）: 513-525. （in Chinese with English abstract）
[23] 李德威. 地震与地热的关联性:从预测减灾到取能减灾[J]. 地球科学与环境学报,2017,39(4):563 − 574. [LI Dewei. Relevance of seismicity and geothermics:A new thought to alleviate disasters from earthquake prediction to taking energy[J]. Journal of Earth Sciences and Environment,2017,39(4):563 − 574. (in Chinese with English abstract) doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-6561.2017.04.008
LI Dewei. Relevance of seismicity and geothermics: A new thought to alleviate disasters from earthquake prediction to taking energy[J]. Journal of Earth Sciences and Environment, 2017, 39（4）: 563-574. （in Chinese with English abstract） doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-6561.2017.04.008
[24] 王贵玲,张薇,梁继运,等. 中国地热资源潜力评价[J]. 地球学报,2017,38(4):449 − 459. [WANG Guiling,ZHANG Wei,LIANG Jiyun. et al. Evaluation of geothermal resources potential in China[J]. Acta Geoscientica Sinica,2017,38(4):449 − 459. (in Chinese with English abstract) doi: 10.3975/cagsb.2017.04.02
WANG Guiling, ZHANG Wei, LIANG Jiyun. et al. Evaluation of geothermal resources potential in China[J]. Acta Geoscientica Sinica, 2017, 38（4）: 449-459. （in Chinese with English abstract） doi: 10.3975/cagsb.2017.04.02
[25] 刘峰,王贵玲,张薇,等. 江西宁都县北部大地热流特征及地热资源成因机制[J]. 地质通报,2020,39(12):1883 − 1890. [LIU Feng,WANG Guiling,ZHANG Wei,et al. Terrestrial heat flow and geothermal genesis mechanism of geothermal resources in northern Ningdu County,Jiangxi Province[J]. Geological Bulletin of China,2020,39(12):1883 − 1890. (in Chinese with English abstract)
LIU Feng, WANG Guiling, ZHANG Wei, et al. Terrestrial heat flow and geothermal genesis mechanism of geothermal resources in northern Ningdu County, Jiangxi Province[J]. Geological Bulletin of China, 2020, 39（12）: 1883-1890. （in Chinese with English abstract）
[26] 谢富仁,崔效锋,赵建涛,等. 中国大陆及邻区现代构造应力场分区[J]. 地球物理学报,2004,47(4):654 − 662. [XIE Furen,CUI Xiaofeng,ZHAO Jiantao,et al. Regional division of the recent tectonic stress field in China and adjacent areas[J]. Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2004,47(4):654 − 662. (in Chinese with English abstract) doi: 10.3321/j.issn:0001-5733.2004.04.016
XIE Furen, CUI Xiaofeng, ZHAO Jiantao, et al. Regional division of the recent tectonic stress field in China and adjacent areas[J]. Chinese Journal of Geophysics, 2004, 47（4）: 654-662. （in Chinese with English abstract） doi: 10.3321/j.issn:0001-5733.2004.04.016
[27] 李瑞莎,崔效锋,刁桂苓,等. 华北北部地区现今应力场时空变化特征研究[J]. 地震学报,2008,30(6):570 − 580. [LI Ruisha,CUI Xiaofeng,DIAO Guiling,et al. Temporal and spatial variation of the present crustal stress in northern part of North China[J]. Acta Seismologica Sinica,2008,30(6):570 − 580. (in Chinese with English abstract)
LI Ruisha, CUI Xiaofeng, DIAO Guiling, et al. Temporal and spatial variation of the present crustal stress in northern part of North China[J]. Acta Seismologica Sinica, 2008, 30（6）: 570-580. （in Chinese with English abstract）
[28] SASS J H,LACHENBRUCH A H,MOSES T H JR,et al. Heat flow from a scientific research well at Cajon Pass,California[J]. Journal of Geophysical Research,1992,97(B4):5017 − 5030. doi: 10.1029/91JB01504
[29] 邱楠生, 胡圣标, 何丽娟, 等. 沉积盆地热体制研究的理论与应用[M]. 北京: 石油工业出版社, 2004: 10 − 18
QIU Nansheng, HU Shengbiao, HE Lijuan, et al. Theory and application of thermal system research in sedimentary basins[M]. Beijing: Petroleum Industry Press, 2004: 10 − 18. （in Chinese）
[30] 甘浩男,王贵玲,蔺文静,等. 中国干热岩资源主要赋存类型与成因模式[J]. 科技导报,2015,33(19):22 − 27. [GAN Haonan,WANG Guiling,LIN Wenjing,et al. Research on the occurrence types and genetic models of hot dry rock resources in China[J]. Science & Technology Review,2015,33(19):22 − 27. (in Chinese with English abstract) doi: 10.3981/j.issn.1000-7857.2015.19.002
GAN Haonan, WANG Guiling, LIN Wenjing, et al. Research on the occurrence types and genetic models of hot dry rock resources in China[J]. Science & Technology Review, 2015, 33（19）: 22-27. （in Chinese with English abstract） doi: 10.3981/j.issn.1000-7857.2015.19.002
[31] LU Chuan,LIN Wenjing,GAN Haonan,et al. Occurrence types and genesis models of hot dry rock resources in China[J]. Environmental Earth Sciences,2017,76(19):646. doi: 10.1007/s12665-017-6947-4
[32] LI Sanzhong,ZHAO Guochun,DAI Liming,et al. Cenozoic faulting of the Bohai Bay Basin and its bearing on the destruction of the Eastern North China Craton[J]. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences,2012,47:80 − 93. doi: 10.1016/j.jseaes.2011.06.011
[33] ZHAI Mingguo. Cratonization and the Ancient North China Continent:A summary and review[J]. Science China Earth Sciences,2011,54(8):1110 − 1120. doi: 10.1007/s11430-011-4250-x
[34] ZHU Rixiang,XU Yigang,ZHU Guang,et al. Destruction of the North China craton[J]. Science China Earth Sciences,2012,55(10):1565 − 1587. doi: 10.1007/s11430-012-4516-y
[35] 杨文采. 从地壳上地幔构造看大陆岩石圈伸展与裂解[J]. 地质论评,2014,60(5):945 − 961. [YANG Wencai. Continental extension and rifting reveled by worldwide comparison of crust and upper mantle structures[J]. Geological Review,2014,60(5):945 − 961. (in Chinese with English abstract) doi: 10.16509/j.georeview.2014.05.004
YANG Wencai. Continental extension and rifting reveled by worldwide comparison of crust and upper mantle structures[J]. Geological Review, 2014, 60（5）: 945-961. （in Chinese with English abstract） doi: 10.16509/j.georeview.2014.05.004
[36] 郑秀清,李义明,陈忠,等. 阳高—天镇盆地马圈庠地下热水系统[J]. 太原理工大学学报,2000,31(1):68 − 71. [ZHENG Xiuqing,LI Yiming,CHEN Zhong,et al. Majuanxiang underground thermal water system in Yanggao-Tianzhen Basin[J]. Journal of Taiyuan University of Technology,2000,31(1):68 − 71. (in Chinese with English abstract)
ZHENG Xiuqing, LI Yiming, CHEN Zhong, et al. Majuanxiang underground thermal water system in Yanggao-Tianzhen Basin[J]. Journal of Taiyuan University of Technology, 2000, 31（1）: 68-71. （in Chinese with English abstract）
[37] 蔺文静,王贵玲,邵景力,等. 我国干热岩资源分布及勘探:进展与启示[J]. 地质学报,2021,95(5):1366 − 1381. [LIN Wenjing,WANG Guiling,SHAO Jingli,et al. Distribution and exploration of hot dry rock resources in China:Progress and inspiration[J]. Acta Geologica Sinica,2021,95(5):1366 − 1381. (in Chinese with English abstract) doi: 10.19762/j.cnki.dizhixuebao.2021213
LIN Wenjing, WANG Guiling, SHAO Jingli, et al. Distribution and exploration of hot dry rock resources in China: Progress and inspiration[J]. Acta Geologica Sinica, 2021, 95（5）: 1366-1381. （in Chinese with English abstract） doi: 10.19762/j.cnki.dizhixuebao.2021213
[38] 王贵玲,蔺文静. 我国主要水热型地热系统形成机制与成因模式[J]. 地质学报,2020,94(7):1923 − 1937. [WANG Guiling,LIN Wenjing. Main hydro-geothermal systems and their genetic models in China[J]. Acta Geologica Sinica,2020,94(7):1923 − 1937. (in Chinese with English abstract) doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0001-5717.2020.07.002
WANG Guiling, LIN Wenjing. Main hydro-geothermal systems and their genetic models in China[J]. Acta Geologica Sinica, 2020, 94（7）: 1923-1937. （in Chinese with English abstract） doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0001-5717.2020.07.002
[39] 王贵玲,陆川. 碳中和目标驱动下地热资源开采利用技术进展[J]. 地质与资源,2022,31(3):412 − 425. [WANG Guiling,LU Chuan. Progress of geothermal resources exploitation and utilization technology driven by carbon neutralization target[J]. Geology and Resources,2022,31(3):412 − 425. (in Chinese with English abstract)
WANG Guiling, LU Chuan. Progress of geothermal resources exploitation and utilization technology driven by carbon neutralization target[J]. Geology and Resources, 2022, 31（3）: 412-425. （in Chinese with English abstract）
-
图(11)
表(1)
计量
- 文章访问数: 1446
- PDF下载数: 50
- 施引文献: 0