Single well injection withdraw (SWIW) - based tracer test approach for in-situ permeability estimation in an enhanced geothermal system
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摘要:
储层压裂阶段，对近井渗透率的高效评估是分析压裂效果、更新压裂方案的重要环节。但受技术或成本制约，目前仍然缺少深部储层近井渗透率原位测算方法。借助于压裂施工过程的间歇性注入和返排泄压环节，提出一种依托压裂施工过程的单井注抽示踪试验工艺，以及基于数值求解和解析解的2种渗透率估算方法，实现了低成本条件下深部储层渗透率原位测试。将该套方法体系应用于实际增强型地热系统场地，结果显示：在单井注抽试验示踪剂突破曲线不完备条件下，通过数值方法仍然能够合理地估算近井渗透率（0.8 D），但方法计算效率较低；而在示踪剂突破曲线相对完备条件下（即监测得到示踪剂浓度峰值），可采用解析法快速估算渗透率（0.25 D）；但由于解析法中未能精确考虑井筒内部长距离示踪剂迁移过程和储层内部弥散作用对示踪剂突破曲线的影响，计算精度相对较低。然而，通过数值方法和解析方法估算近井渗透率处于同一数量级，表明解析法仍可以作为渗透率原位快速估算的一种有效手段。文章提出的单井注抽试验工艺和数据解释方法体系为深部储层渗透率原位测试提供了一种新的途径。
Abstract:Efficient estimation of near-wellbore permeability is critical for evaluating fracturing effect and updating fracturing plan. However, due to technical or cost constraints, there is still a lack of methods for in-situ testing and estimating near-wellbore permeability in deep geothermal reservoirs. Considering that the hydraulic fracturing is often associated with injection breaking and back drainage to control the reservoir pressure, this study proposes a single-well-injection-withdraw-based tracer test approach and two permeability interpretation methods based on numerical and analytical solutions, which allow in-situ permeability estimation at low cost. Implementation of the proposed method at a realistic enhanced geothermal system indicates that the numerical interpretation method can still reasonably estimate near-wellbore permeability under the condition of incomplete tracer breakthrough curve in the single well injection and withdraw test, but the computational efficiency is low. Once the tracer breakout curve is relatively complete (i.e. the peak tracer concentration is monitored), the analytical method can be used to quickly estimate the permeability. However, the analytical method cannot accurately consider the long-distance tracer migration process inside wellbore and the influence of dispersion on the tracer breakthrough curve, hence the accuracy is relatively low. The numerical and analytical permeability estimations are at the same order of magnitude. The results suggest that in addition to the numerical method, the analytical method can still be used as an effective method for in-situ rapid permeability estimation. The proposed methodology may provide a new tool for in-situ permeability estimation in deep geothermal reservoirs.
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表 1 井储条件和示踪试验施工参数汇总表
Table 1. Well-reservoir conditions and parameters controlling the tracer test
类型 参数 数值 类型 参数 数值 井结构 进水段长度/m 500 示踪
试验示踪剂用量/kg 200 进水段顶部埋深/m 3200 注入排量/（m3·h−1） 102 进水段井径/m 0.1～0.2 注入浓度 见图4 储层
条件温度/°C 200 注入时长/h 10.5 导热系数/（W·m−1∙K−1） 2.51 返排时长/h 6 比热容/（J·kg−1∙°C−1） 920 返排流量/（m3·h−1） 51.5 岩性 花岗岩 返排时井口压力/MPa 40 
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