Experimental study of mechanical properties of highly-stressed rocks under true triaxial unloading conditions with different unloading directions
-
摘要:
深部岩体开挖过程中，围岩应力场在开挖面附近形成交替分布的应力升高区（加载区）和应力降低区（卸载区），极易引发高应力岩体失稳破坏。尽管目前已有诸多关于岩石加卸载破坏方面的研究，但在复杂真三轴应力路径下岩石加卸载破坏机理的认识仍不充分。针对这一问题，文章以山东玲珑金矿花岗岩立方块试样为研究对象，首先进行了不同侧向应力下真三轴加载破坏试验，并进一步开展了不同卸荷方向下真三轴卸载破坏试验，深入研究了花岗岩试样在复杂真三轴加卸载路径下的强度及破坏特征。试验结果表明：随着中间主应力的增大，真三轴加载条件花岗岩的破坏模式由张拉-剪切复合型破坏转变到张拉破坏，真三轴加载破坏强度先增大后缓慢减小；在相同中间主应力和最小主应力条件下，花岗岩的真三轴卸载破坏强度均小于其加载破坏强度，Mogi强度公式可以很好地拟合卸载最小主应力条件下的真三轴卸载强度。该成果可为深部岩体工程稳定性控制和设计提供重要的理论依据和指导。
Abstract:During the excavation process of deep rock masses, the surrounding rock stress field forms alternating zones of stress increase (loading zones) and stress decrease (unloading zones) near the excavation surface, which can easily trigger instability and failure in high-stress rock masses. Despite numerous studies that have been conducted on rock loading and unloading failures, the understanding of rock failure mechanisms under complex true triaxial stress paths remains insufficient. This study focuses on cubic granite specimens from the Linglong gold mine in Shandong. To comprehensively investigate the strength and failure characteristics of granite samples under complex true triaxial loading and unloading paths, true triaxial loading tests under different lateral stresses were conducted, followed by further true triaxial unloading tests in different unloading directions. The experimental results reveal that with the increase of intermediate principal stress, the failure mode of granite under true triaxial loading condition changes from shear-tensile failure to tensile failure, and the true triaxial loading failure strength increases first and then decreases slowly. Under the same intermediate and minimum principal stress conditions, the true triaxial unloading failure strength of granite is smaller than its loading failure strength, and the Mogi strength formula fits well with the true triaxial unloading strength under the minimum principal stress condition. This study provides an essential theoretical basis and guidance for controlling and designing the stability of deep rock masses in engineering applications.
-
-
图 13 花岗岩在
$ {\sigma _1} $ =218.5 MPa，$ {\sigma _2} $ =35.0 MPa状态下卸载$ {\sigma _3} $ 时的破坏情况Figure 13.
表 1 真三轴加载破坏试验的应力水平
Table 1. Stress levels for the true triaxial loading failure tests
单位：MPa 试验分组 初始应力阶段 应力分异阶段 加载破坏阶段 $ {\sigma _1} $ $ {\sigma _2} $ $ {\sigma _3} $ $ {\sigma _1} $ $ {\sigma _2} $ $ {\sigma _3} $ $ {\sigma _1} $ $ {\sigma _2} $ $ {\sigma _3} $ TTL-1 0→
300→
140→
1430→
65保持14 14→
065→
破坏保持14 0 TTL-2 14→25 保持25 TTL-3 14→35 保持35 TTL-4 14→40 保持40 TTL-5 14→45 保持45 TTL-6 14→50 保持50 
下载: 导出CSV
表 2 真三轴卸载破坏试验的应力水平
Table 2. Stress levels for the true triaxial unloading failure tests
单位：MPa 试验分组 初始应力阶段 应力分异阶段 卸载破坏阶段 $ {\sigma _1} $ $ {\sigma _2} $ $ {\sigma _3} $ $ {\sigma _1} $ $ {\sigma _2} $ $ {\sigma _3} $ $ {\sigma _1} $ $ {\sigma _2} $ $ {\sigma _3} $ 卸载 $ {\sigma _2} $ TTUL1-1 与真三轴加载
破坏试验相同30→
（0.8～0.9）$ \sigma_{\mathrm{cs}\mathrm{ }} $ 14→25 14→5 保持 25→0 保持5 TTUL1-2 14→35 35→0 TTUL1-3 14→45 45→0 TTUL2-1 30→
（0.8～0.9）$ \sigma_{\mathrm{cs}} $ 14→25 14→10 保持 25→0 保持10 TTUL2-2 14→35 35→0 TTUL2-3 14→45 45→0 卸载 $ {\sigma _3} $ TTUL3-1 与真三轴加载
破坏试验相同30→
（0.8～0.9）$ \sigma\mathrm{_{cs}} $ 14→25 14→5 保持 保持25 5→0 TTUL3-2 14→35 保持35 TTUL3-3 14→45 保持45 TTUL4-1 30→
（0.8～0.9）$ \sigma\mathrm{_{cs}} $ 14→25 14→10 保持 保持25 10→0 TTUL4-2 14→35 保持35 TTUL4-3 14→45 保持45 注： $ \sigma\mathrm{_{cs}} $ 表示真三轴压缩强度，可通过3.1节中的Mogi强度公式（式4）进行预测。
下载: 导出CSV
-
[1] 谢和平,高峰,鞠杨. 深部岩体力学研究与探索[J]. 岩石力学与工程学报,2015,34(11):2161 − 2178. [XIE Heping,GAO Feng,JU Yang. Research and development of rock mechanics in deep ground engineering[J]. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2015,34(11):2161 − 2178. (in Chinese with English abstract)]
XIE Heping, GAO Feng, JU Yang. Research and development of rock mechanics in deep ground engineering[J]. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 2015, 34（11）: 2161 − 2178. （in Chinese with English abstract）
[2] 李夕兵,宫凤强. 基于动静组合加载力学试验的深部开采岩石力学研究进展与展望[J]. 煤炭学报,2021,46(3):846 − 866. [LI Xibing,GONG Fengqiang. Research progress and prospect of deep mining rock mechanics based on coupled static-dynamic loading testing[J]. Journal of China Coal Society,2021,46(3):846 − 866. (in Chinese with English abstract)]
LI Xibing, GONG Fengqiang. Research progress and prospect of deep mining rock mechanics based on coupled static-dynamic loading testing[J]. Journal of China Coal Society, 2021, 46（3）: 846 − 866. （in Chinese with English abstract）
[3] 全永威,王军,熊永润,等. 爆破扰动下TBM隧洞时滞型岩爆特征及影响机制研究[J]. 水文地质工程地质,2023,50(1):94 − 103. [QUAN Yongwei,WANG Jun,XIONG Yongrun,et al. A study of the characteristics and influence mechanism of time delayed rockburst in a TBM tunnel under the blasting disturbance[J]. Hydrogeology & Engineering Geology,2023,50(1):94 − 103. (in Chinese with English abstract)]
QUAN Yongwei, WANG Jun, XIONG Yongrun, et al. A study of the characteristics and influence mechanism of time delayed rockburst in a TBM tunnel under the blasting disturbance[J]. Hydrogeology & Engineering Geology, 2023, 50（1）: 94 − 103. （in Chinese with English abstract）
[4] SU Guoshao,JIANG Jianqing,ZHAI Shaobin,et al. Influence of tunnel axis stress on strainburst:An experimental study[J]. Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering,2017,50(6):1551 − 1567. doi: 10.1007/s00603-017-1181-7
[5] 熊诗湖,钟作武,唐爱松,等. 乌东德层状岩体卸荷力学特性原位真三轴试验研究[J]. 岩石力学与工程学报,2015,34(增刊2):3724 − 3731. [XIONG Shihu,ZHONG Zuowu,TANG Aisong,et al. Study of mechanical properties of wudongde layered rockmass under unloading conditions by in situ true triaxial tests[J]. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2015,34(Sup 2):3724 − 3731. (in Chinese)]
XIONG Shihu, ZHONG Zuowu, TANG Aisong, et al. Study of mechanical properties of wudongde layered rockmass under unloading conditions by in situ true triaxial tests[J]. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 2015, 34（Sup 2）: 3724 − 3731. （in Chinese）
[6] 封陈晨,李傲,王志亮,等. 锦屏大理岩单轴压缩过程中的微结构演化[J]. 水文地质工程地质,2022,49(6):90 − 96. [FENG Chenchen,LI Ao,WANG Zhiliang,et al. A study of mineral compositions and micro-structure characteristics for the Jinping marble[J]. Hydrogeology & Engineering Geology,2022,49(6):90 − 96. (in Chinese with English abstract)]
FENG Chenchen, LI Ao, WANG Zhiliang, et al. A study of mineral compositions and micro-structure characteristics for the Jinping marble[J]. Hydrogeology & Engineering Geology, 2022, 49（6）: 90 − 96. （in Chinese with English abstract）
[7] 刘威军,范俊奇,李天斌,等. 深埋高地应力隧道勘察期岩爆烈度概率分级预测[J]. 水文地质工程地质,2022,49(6):114 − 123. [LIU Weijun,FAN Junqi,LI Tianbin,et al. Probabilistic classification prediction of rockburst intensity in a deep buried high geo-stress rock tunnel during engineering investigation[J]. Hydrogeology & Engineering Geology,2022,49(6):114 − 123. (in Chinese with English abstract)]
LIU Weijun, FAN Junqi, LI Tianbin, et al. Probabilistic classification prediction of rockburst intensity in a deep buried high geo-stress rock tunnel during engineering investigation[J]. Hydrogeology & Engineering Geology, 2022, 49（6）: 114 − 123. （in Chinese with English abstract）
[8] JAEGER J C. Brittle fracture of rocks[C]//The 8th US Symposium on Rock Mechanics (USRMS),American Rock Mechanics Association,1966.
[9] CROUCH S L. A note on post-failure stress-strain path dependence in norite[J]. International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences & Geomechanics Abstracts,1972,9(2):197 − 204.
[10] 哈秋舲. 岩石边坡工程与卸荷非线性岩石(体)力学[J]. 岩石力学与工程学报,1997,16(4):386 − 391. [HA Qiuling. Rock slope engineering and unloading nonlinear rock mass mechanics[J]. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,1997,16(4):386 − 391. (in Chinese with English abstract)]
HA Qiuling. Rock slope engineering and unloading nonlinear rock mass mechanics[J]. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 1997, 16（4）: 386 − 391. （in Chinese with English abstract）
[11] 尤明庆,华安增. 岩石试样的三轴卸围压试验[J]. 岩石力学与工程学报,1998,17(1):24 − 29. [YOU Mingqing,HUA Anzeng. Triaxial confining depressure test of rock sample[J]. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,1998,17(1):24 − 29. (in Chinese with English abstract)]
YOU Mingqing, HUA Anzeng. Triaxial confining depressure test of rock sample[J]. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 1998, 17（1）: 24 − 29. （in Chinese with English abstract）
[12] 张黎明,王在泉,王建新,等. 岩石卸荷破坏的试验研究[J]. 四川大学学报(工程科学版),2006,38(3):34 − 37. [ZHANG Liming,WANG Zaiquan,WANG Jianxin,et al. Experimental study on the rock behavior under unloading condition[J]. Journal of Sichuan University (Engineering Science Edition),2006,38(3):34 − 37. (in Chinese with English abstract)]
ZHANG Liming, WANG Zaiquan, WANG Jianxin, et al. Experimental study on the rock behavior under unloading condition[J]. Journal of Sichuan University （Engineering Science Edition）, 2006, 38（3）: 34 − 37. （in Chinese with English abstract）
[13] 黄达,谭清,黄润秋. 高围压卸荷条件下大理岩破碎块度分形特征及其与能量相关性研究[J]. 岩石力学与工程学报,2012,31(7):1379 − 1389. [HUANG Da,TAN Qing,HUANG Runqiu. Fractal characteristics of fragmentation and correlation with energy of marble under unloading with high confining pressure[J]. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2012,31(7):1379 − 1389. (in Chinese with English abstract)]
HUANG Da, TAN Qing, HUANG Runqiu. Fractal characteristics of fragmentation and correlation with energy of marble under unloading with high confining pressure[J]. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 2012, 31（7）: 1379 − 1389. （in Chinese with English abstract）
[14] 刘婕,张黎明,丛宇,等. 真三轴应力路径花岗岩卸荷破坏力学特性研究[J]. 岩土力学,2021,42(8):2069 − 2077. [LIU Jie,ZHANG Liming,CONG Yu,et al. Research on the mechanical characteristics of granite failure process under true triaxial stress path[J]. Rock and Soil Mechanics,2021,42(8):2069 − 2077. (in Chinese with English abstract)]
LIU Jie, ZHANG Liming, CONG Yu, et al. Research on the mechanical characteristics of granite failure process under true triaxial stress path[J]. Rock and Soil Mechanics, 2021, 42（8）: 2069 − 2077. （in Chinese with English abstract）
[15] 张俊文,范文兵,宋治祥,等. 真三轴不同应力路径下深部砂岩力学特性[J]. 中国矿业大学学报,2021,50(1):106 − 114. [ZHANG Junwen,FAN Wenbing,SONG Zhixiang,et al. Mechanical characteristics of deep sandstone under different true triaxial stress paths[J]. Journal of China University of Mining & Technology,2021,50(1):106 − 114. (in Chinese with English abstract)]
ZHANG Junwen, FAN Wenbing, SONG Zhixiang, et al. Mechanical characteristics of deep sandstone under different true triaxial stress paths[J]. Journal of China University of Mining & Technology, 2021, 50（1）: 106 − 114. （in Chinese with English abstract）
[16] 杨成祥,陈祥艳,周建华. 三山岛金矿深埋蚀变硬岩真三轴压缩下的力学性质[J]. 东北大学学报(自然科学版),2022,43(11):1599 − 1606. [YANG Chengxiang,CHEN Xiangyan,ZHOU Jianhua. Mechanical properties of deep buried altered hard rock under true triaxial compression in Sanshandao gold mine[J]. Journal of Northeastern University (Natural Science),2022,43(11):1599 − 1606. (in Chinese with English abstract)]
YANG Chengxiang, CHEN Xiangyan, ZHOU Jianhua. Mechanical properties of deep buried altered hard rock under true triaxial compression in Sanshandao gold mine[J]. Journal of Northeastern University （Natural Science）, 2022, 43（11）: 1599 − 1606. （in Chinese with English abstract）
[17] 马钰沛,李江腾,刘双飞. 考虑中间主应力的粉砂岩侧向卸荷力学特性试验研究[J]. 中南大学学报(自然科学版),2019,50(11):2792 − 2800. [MA Yupei,LI Jiangteng,LIU Shuangfei. Experimental study on lateral unloading mechanical properties of siltstone considering intermediate principal stress[J]. Journal of Central South University (Science and Technology),2019,50(11):2792 − 2800. (in Chinese with English abstract)]
MA Yupei, LI Jiangteng, LIU Shuangfei. Experimental study on lateral unloading mechanical properties of siltstone considering intermediate principal stress[J]. Journal of Central South University （Science and Technology）, 2019, 50（11）: 2792 − 2800. （in Chinese with English abstract）
[18] 陈景涛,冯夏庭. 高地应力下岩石的真三轴试验研究[J]. 岩石力学与工程学报,2006,25(8):1537 − 1543. [CHEN Jingtao,FENG Xiating. True triaxial experimental study on rock with high geostress[J]. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2006,25(8):1537 − 1543. (in Chinese with English abstract)]
CHEN Jingtao, FENG Xiating. True triaxial experimental study on rock with high geostress[J]. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 2006, 25（8）: 1537 − 1543. （in Chinese with English abstract）
[19] 周火明,单治钢,李维树,等. 深埋隧洞大理岩卸载路径真三轴强度参数研究[J]. 岩石力学与工程学报,2012,31(8):1524 − 1529. [ZHOU Huoming,SHAN Zhigang,LI Weishu,et al. Study of true triaxial strength parameters in unloading path of marbles in deep tunnel[J]. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2012,31(8):1524 − 1529. (in Chinese with English abstract)]
ZHOU Huoming, SHAN Zhigang, LI Weishu, et al. Study of true triaxial strength parameters in unloading path of marbles in deep tunnel[J]. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 2012, 31（8）: 1524 − 1529. （in Chinese with English abstract）
[20] 何满潮,苗金丽,李德建,等. 深部花岗岩试样岩爆过程实验研究[J]. 岩石力学与工程学报,2007,26(5):865 − 876. [HE Manchao,MIAO Jinli,LI Dejian,et al. Experimental study on rockburst processes of granite specimen at great depth[J]. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2007,26(5):865 − 876. (in Chinese with English abstract)]
HE Manchao, MIAO Jinli, LI Dejian, et al. Experimental study on rockburst processes of granite specimen at great depth[J]. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 2007, 26（5）: 865 − 876. （in Chinese with English abstract）
[21] ZHAO X G,WANG J,CAI M,et al. Influence of unloading rate on the strainburst characteristics of Beishan granite under true-triaxial unloading conditions[J]. Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering,2014,47(2):467 − 483. doi: 10.1007/s00603-013-0443-2
[22] DU Kun,LI Xibing,LI Diyuan,et al. Failure properties of rocks in true triaxial unloading compressive test[J]. Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China,2015,25(2):571 − 581. doi: 10.1016/S1003-6326(15)63639-1
[23] LI Xibing,DU Kun,LI Diyuan. True triaxial strength and failure modes of cubic rock specimens with unloading the minor principal stress[J]. Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering,2015,48(6):2185 − 2196. doi: 10.1007/s00603-014-0701-y
[24] MARTIN C D. The strength of massive Lac du Bonnet granite around underground openings[D]. Manitoba, Canada: University of Manitoba,1994.
[25] EBERHARDT E. Numerical modelling of three-dimension stress rotation ahead of an advancing tunnel face[J]. International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences,2001,38(4):499 − 518. doi: 10.1016/S1365-1609(01)00017-X
[26] DIEDERICHS M S,KAISER P K,EBERHARDT E. Damage initiation and propagation in hard rock during tunnelling and the influence of near-face stress rotation[J]. International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences,2004,41(5):785 − 812. doi: 10.1016/j.ijrmms.2004.02.003
[27] 荣浩宇,李桂臣,赵光明,等. 不同应力路径下深部岩石真三轴卸荷特性试验[J]. 煤炭学报,2020,45(9):3140 − 3149. [RONG Haoyu,LI Guichen,ZHAO Guangming,et al. True triaxial test study on mechanical properties of deep rock mass in different stress paths[J]. Journal of China Coal Society,2020,45(9):3140 − 3149. (in Chinese with English abstract)]
RONG Haoyu, LI Guichen, ZHAO Guangming, et al. True triaxial test study on mechanical properties of deep rock mass in different stress paths[J]. Journal of China Coal Society, 2020, 45（9）: 3140 − 3149. （in Chinese with English abstract）
[28] 李傲,王志亮,封陈晨,等. 动态冲击下锦屏大理岩力学响应与能量特性[J]. 水文地质工程地质,2022,49(5):112 − 118. [LI Ao,WANG Zhiliang,FENG Chenchen,et al. Mechanical responses and energy characteristics of the Jinping marble under the dynamic impact[J]. Hydrogeology & Engineering Geology,2022,49(5):112 − 118. (in Chinese with English abstract)]
LI Ao, WANG Zhiliang, FENG Chenchen, et al. Mechanical responses and energy characteristics of the Jinping marble under the dynamic impact[J]. Hydrogeology & Engineering Geology, 2022, 49（5）: 112 − 118. （in Chinese with English abstract）
[29] 翁磊,李夕兵,周子龙,等. 屈曲型岩爆的发生机制及其时效性研究[J]. 采矿与安全工程学报,2016,33(1):172 − 178. [WENG Lei,LI Xibing,ZHOU Zilong,et al. Occurrence mechanism and time-dependency effect of buckling rock burst[J]. Journal of Mining & Safety Engineering,2016,33(1):172 − 178. (in Chinese with English abstract)]
WENG Lei, LI Xibing, ZHOU Zilong, et al. Occurrence mechanism and time-dependency effect of buckling rock burst[J]. Journal of Mining & Safety Engineering, 2016, 33（1）: 172 − 178. （in Chinese with English abstract）
[30] 陈国庆,张岩,李阳,等. 岩石真三轴加载破坏的热–声前兆信息链初探[J]. 岩石力学与工程学报,2021,40(9):1764 − 1776. [CHEN Guoqing,ZHANG Yan,LI Yang,et al. Thermal-acoustic precursor information chain of rock failure under true triaxial loading[J]. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2021,40(9):1764 − 1776. (in Chinese with English abstract)]
CHEN Guoqing, ZHANG Yan, LI Yang, et al. Thermal-acoustic precursor information chain of rock failure under true triaxial loading[J]. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 2021, 40（9）: 1764 − 1776. （in Chinese with English abstract）
[31] 刘婕,丛宇,张黎明,等. 花岗岩真三轴加、卸载破坏的细观损伤机制研究[J]. 中南大学学报(自然科学版),2021,52(8):2677 − 2688. [LIU Jie,CONG Yu,ZHANG Liming,et al. Mesoscopic damage mechanism of granite under true triaxial loading and unloading[J]. Journal of Central South University (Science and Technology),2021,52(8):2677 − 2688. (in Chinese with English abstract)]
LIU Jie, CONG Yu, ZHANG Liming, et al. Mesoscopic damage mechanism of granite under true triaxial loading and unloading[J]. Journal of Central South University （Science and Technology）, 2021, 52（8）: 2677 − 2688. （in Chinese with English abstract）
[32] DU Kun,YANG Chengzhi,SU Rui,et al. Failure properties of cubic granite,marble,and sandstone specimens under true triaxial stress[J]. International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences,2020,130:104309. doi: 10.1016/j.ijrmms.2020.104309
[33] CHANG Chandong,HAIMSON B. True triaxial strength and deformability of the German Continental Deep Drilling Program (KTB) deep hole amphibolite[J]. Journal of Geophysical Research:Solid Earth,2000,105(B8):18999 − 19013. doi: 10.1029/2000JB900184
[34] MOGI K. Fracture and flow of rocks under high triaxial compression[J]. Journal of Geophysical Research,1971,76(5):1255 − 1269. doi: 10.1029/JB076i005p01255
-
图(13)
表(2)
计量
- 文章访问数: 410
- PDF下载数: 34
- 施引文献: 0