Evaluation of water curtain system effectiveness for underground crude oil storage caverns based on hydrogeochemical characteristics
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摘要:
水幕系统有效性是地下水封油库安全稳定运行的重要基础条件，然而目前评价水幕系统有效性的方法并不高效便捷。以我国首个大型地下水封油库工程为背景，采集油库运行期现场水样和岩样进行水质检测分析和电镜扫描试验，获取库址区地下水水化学类型和岩石的矿物成分组成特征。采用数理统计方法，基于地下水水化学特征获得了不同部位地下水之间的水力联系，开展水幕系统有效性评价。研究表明：油库运行初期库址区地下水主要为HCO3—Na•Ca型水，围岩中的钾长石、钠长石和钙长石发生水化学反应，地下水中的K+、Na+、Ca2+和${\mathrm{HCO}}_3^- $浓度总体呈上升趋势，pH值总体呈下降趋势；Cl−浓度低于造成钢筋腐蚀的浓度，地下水对洞库支护系统无明显腐蚀作用；洞库周边监测孔地下水与水幕供水的水化学特征相似，说明水幕系统与油库围岩之间存在较好的水力联系，形成良好的水封效果。该研究可为判断地下水封油库运行情况提供重要依据，并为评价水幕系统有效性提供了一种科学方法。
Abstract:Water curtain system effectiveness is important for the safe and stable operation of underground crude oil storage caverns; however, current methods on evaluating the water curtain systems effectiveness are not efficient and convenient. Based on the first large water sealing petroleum storage caverns in China, this study analyzed the hydrogeochemical feature and the mineral composition characteristic of rock mass by water quality tests, SEM analysis, and statistical analysis. The groundwater curtaining system effectiveness were then assessed based on the hydraulic connection analysis. The results show that groundwater is dominated by HCO3 – Na•Ca type water in the early stage of oil storage running. With the interaction between groundwater and mineral components in rock, such as potassium feldspar, albite, and anorthite, the concentration of K+, Na+, Ca2+, Mg2+, and ${\mathrm{HCO}}_3^- $ increases, and pH decreases. The concentration of Cl− maintained in the allowable range, indicating no groundwater corrosion on the support system. The similarity of hydrogeochemical characteristics between water in the water curtaining system and background groundwater shows that water from the system has a hydraulic connection with the background groundwater, forming a good containment for the storage. This study provides an important basis for safe and effective operation of oil storage and a scientific method for judging the water curtain system effectiveness.
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表 1 水质检测结果
Table 1. The water quality of samples
取样点
编号取样
时间pH 质量浓度/（mg·L−1） TDS 全硬度 K+ Na+ Ca2+ Mg2+ Cl− ${\mathrm{SO}}_4^{2-} $ ${\mathrm{HCO}}_3^- $ ${\mathrm{CO}}_3^{2-} $ ${\mathrm{NO}}_3^- $ 水幕
供水2015年7月 8.4 3.0 33.0 52.2 14.2 53.1 49.1 124.9 15.0 5.1 349.6 188.7 2016年1月 7.8 4.0 110.0 62.2 32.3 117.4 167.0 195.6 0 16.4 704.9 288.8 2016年7月 8.3 4.9 44.3 60.0 18.4 44.4 16.7 151.4 0 0.5 340.5 211.5 OF1 2015年7月 8.0 3.7 36.0 42.2 6.7 32.3 18.7 170.6 0 3.5 313.7 133.2 2016年1月 7.5 3.4 34.0 42.2 1.3 31.4 3.0 177.8 0 0.8 293.9 111.1 2016年7月 6.8 4.3 40.0 46.4 13.2 26.2 3.1 196.8 0 0.1 330.0 155.6 OF2 2015年7月 8.0 2.0 18.0 41.1 5.4 24.0 29.5 115.8 0 13.4 249.1 124.9 2016年1月 7.6 2.2 18.8 46.7 6.1 23.1 44.2 130.4 0 13.1 284.6 141.6 2016年7月 6.9 3.6 22.1 49.0 8.3 22.2 7.4 125.2 0 3.0 240.8 147.3 OF3 2015年7月 8.1 3.0 28.2 22.2 6.1 27.1 11.3 106.6 0 1.6 206.1 80.5 2016年1月 7.9 2.8 25.5 22.2 4.7 29.3 3.0 106.7 0 0.2 194.4 75.1 2016年7月 7.9 4.3 27.3 24.8 8.5 26.8 40.5 115.6 0 0.6 248.3 101.3 OF4 2015年7月 7.7 4.2 47.0 31.1 6.7 32.5 41.7 163.0 0 0.6 326.8 105.1 2016年1月 7.7 4.1 47.0 35.6 5.4 29.3 29.5 183.7 0 0.5 335.1 110.6 2016年7月 7.3 4.3 50.5 42.7 9.8 33.0 2.6 191.3 0 0.1 334.3 128.8 OF5 2015年7月 7.7 1.1 19.8 15.6 1.4 17.7 11.3 45.7 0 6.6 119.2 44.4 2016年1月 7.4 2.7 18.0 42.2 6.7 14.7 24.6 165.9 0 0.4 275.2 133.1 2016年7月 7.7 4.4 22.9 47.3 12.4 14.2 11.9 180.3 0 0.1 293.5 150.1 SF3 2015年7月 7.9 19.8 72.0 10.0 2.0 43.8 86.0 60.9 0 1.1 295.5 32.3 2016年1月 7.4 19.5 71.0 13.3 2.7 47.2 98.2 68.2 0 0 320.1 44.5 2016年7月 7.8 27.8 97.1 38.0 8.2 39.2 71.4 177.5 0 0.5 459.7 111.6 SF6 2015年7月 8.4 16.8 63.0 4.4 0.7 32.5 66.3 38.5 8.7 17.0 247.9 14.0 2016年1月 7.7 27.0 115.0 13.3 1.3 74.4 113.0 109.6 0 3.7 457.3 39.0 2016年7月 8.1 13.4 90.9 46.6 8.8 87.0 28.6 172.0 0 0.1 447.4 157.4 SF7 2015年7月 7.9 20.8 72.0 15.6 2.7 50.3 81.0 71.1 0 9.5 323.0 50.0 2016年1月 7.3 20.0 86.0 24.4 1.3 69.2 103.1 88.9 0 3.5 396.4 66.6 2016年7月 8.2 31.4 84.5 39.2 8.1 78.4 95.2 172 0 0.3 467.8 136.6 ZK009 2016年1月 8.4 1.0 16.5 15.6 0.0 14.7 14.7 50.4 2.9 2.5 118.3 39.0 2016年7月 6.8 1.4 17.3 13.2 2.8 17.4 21.4 55.0 0 1.8 130.4 50.3 ZK013 2016年1月 7.9 4.6 27.5 40.0 4.0 37.7 58.9 91.9 0 1.1 265.7 116.6 2016年7月 7.1 6.4 31.9 40.0 8.5 37.8 50.0 89.4 0 0.7 264.7 121.1 VT1 2016年1月 9.1 19.5 71.0 8.9 5.4 39.8 71.2 5.9 35.0 19.4 276.1 44.0 2016年7月 6.4 29.6 67.8 8.0 3.2 40.8 5.0 26.1 27.1 4.2 244.2 36.9 VT2 2016年1月 8.9 20.5 75.0 11.1 0.0 39.8 61.4 47.4 17.9 23.4 296.1 27.5 2016年7月 6.6 35.3 76.5 10.5 4.5 43.8 17.1 55.0 13.3 5.3 130.4 40.4 VT3 2016年1月 8.5 17.5 56.8 11.1 0.0 29.3 34.4 83.0 2.9 21.3 256.3 27.5 2016年7月 7.5 28.6 62.3 10.2 4.6 29.4 7.9 96.3 0 4.9 264.7 41.4 
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表 2 各岩石试样薄片的化学元素组成
Table 2. Chemical element composition of rock slices
元素 样品1 样品2 样品3 样品4 样品5 百分含量平均值/% 方差 百分含量平均值/% 方差 百分含量平均值/% 方差 百分含量平均值/% 方差 百分含量平均值/% 方差 C 2.48 1.02 3.17 1.88 0.70 0.54 0.47 0.57 1.13 0.90 O 69.07 4.73 66.62 4.22 62.36 4.54 66.06 3.57 66.92 2.56 Na 0.99 1.98 2.50 2.89 0.18 0.35 2.35 2.95 0.15 0.30 Mg 0.31 0.61 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.30 0.60 Al 8.19 2.25 8.97 1.93 4.86 6.05 6.88 0.97 2.31 2.99 Si 14.42 4.06 16.25 3.75 27.23 6.79 19.97 1.77 24.37 6.07 K 0.63 0.45 0.59 0.50 3.12 3.68 3.62 2.42 1.30 2.61 Fe 2.75 2.29 0.70 1.14 0.40 0.80 0 0 2.12 4.24 Ti 0.16 0.32 0.19 0.38 0 0 0 0 0.31 0.62 Zr 1.02 0.18 0.84 0.57 0.58 0.75 0.46 0.58 1.11 0.48 Pt 0 0 0.18 0.35 0.59 0.69 0.20 0.39 0 0
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表 3 聚类分析分组表
Table 3. Group system of the cluster analysis
组号 取样点编号 第1组 TW、OF1、OF2、OF3、OF4、OF5、ZK013 第2组 SF3、SF6、SF7 第3组 VT1 第4组 VT2、VT3 第5组 ZK009
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表 4 统计分析分类结果
Table 4. The classification of water samples
组号 取样点编号 第1组 TW、OF1、OF2、OF3、OF4、OF5、ZK013 第2组 SF3、SF6、SF7 第3组 VT1、VT2、VT3 第4组 ZK009
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