Enhancing mechanical characteristics of soft rock tunnel surrounding rock through radial yield pressure system
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摘要:
为处理深部软岩隧道存在的大变形问题，一般采取强支护或支护后进行修复，但收效甚微。在三维地质力学模型的基础上，提出以径向让压为核心的主动支护，先释放围岩应力，后抵抗围岩变形，改善挤压型大变形隧道的力学特性，有效地控制隧道开挖过程中的位移变形。文章以公路隧道典型大变形段为研究对象，建立三维地质力学模型，分析径向让压支护对围岩变形和支护承载能力的控制效果。结果表明：径向让压支护段相对正常支护段能有效控制围岩相对变形，从锚杆变形看出，最大拉应变减小了75.8%，最大压应变减小了67.6%；从围岩与初支接触压力看，将拱底、拱脚压力降低80%，验证了径向让压支护对于围岩塑性区发展和应力释放的有效控制。研究成果可为同类深部软岩隧道围岩控制技术提供数据参考。
Abstract:This study investigated the efficacy of radial yield support as an active measure to mitigate stress and deformation in deep soft rock tunnels experiencing large deformation. Traditional support methods have shown limited success in addressing this challenge. Leveraging a three-dimensional geomechanical model, this study proposes an active support system centered around radial yield pressure. This system releases stress in the surrounding rock before resisting deformation, thereby improving the mechanical properties of the tunnel and effectively controlling displacement and deformation during excavation. Through analysis using the three-dimensional geomechanical model, this study evaluated the control effect of radial yield support on surrounding rock deformation and support bearing capacity, focusing on a typical large deformation section of a highway tunnel. The results demonstrate a significant reduction in relative deformation of the surrounding rock compared to conventional support methods, with a reduction of 75.8% in tensile strain and 67.6% in compressive strain as evidenced by bolt deformation. Additionally, the contact pressure between the surrounding rock and primary support is reduced by 80%, indicating the effective control of radial yield support on plastic zone development and stress release in the surrounding rock. These findings offer valuable insights for the application of similar technologies in controlling surrounding rock in deep soft rock tunnels.
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表 1 相似关系
Table 1. Similarities
名称介绍 相似关系 相似比 相似尺度 ${C_i} = {\delta _{\text{P}}}/{\delta _{\text{M}}} = {L_{\text{P}}}/{L_{\text{M}}}$ 50 相似位移 $ C_{\delta}=C_L\cdot C_{\varepsilon} $ 50 相似应力 $ C_{\sigma}=C_E\cdot C_{\varepsilon} $ 50 相似应变 $ C_{\varepsilon}=C_{\theta}=C_{\mu} $ 1 
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表 2 围岩相似材料的物理力学参数
Table 2. Measured physical and mechanical parameters of analogue materials of surrounding rock
Ⅴ级围岩 峰值强度/kPa 内聚力/kPa 摩擦角/（°） 弹性模量/MPa 原型 8 400 1 760.00 36.40 1 200.00 相似材料 167 35.36 36.43 23.48
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表 3 相似材料力学参数
Table 3. Mechanical parameters of similar material
相似材料
类别弹性模量
/MPa抗拉强度
/MPa单向抗压
强度/MPa极限应变
/%锚杆 716.87 17.34 — 6.50 钢拱架 70000.00 126.00 — — 钢筋网 2400.00 — — 13.38 衬砌 28.10 — 0.951 — 注：—表示该参数未进行测量。
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表 4 径向让压层相似材料和原型的力学参数
Table 4. Mechanical parameters of similar material and prototype of radial yielding layer
径向让压层 弹性模量/MPa 可压缩量/mm 相似材料 4 2 原型 200 100
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