Influence of soil layer structure on unsaturated capillary water and salt transport
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摘要:
层状土层之间孔隙结构和水力学性质的不连续性对土体水盐运移有显著影响。基于现场调查，设计了两种不同粒径土层二元结构组合（黄土-砂质粉土和黄土-粉质黏土）的室内土柱试验，通过模型试验讨论了不同地下水补给条件下土层结构对毛细水分布和盐分累积的影响。试验结果表明：在毛细水补给条件下，黄土-砂质粉土构成的上细下粗型土层结构有利于毛细水盐运移，经过60 d蒸发后，其表层
${\rm{SO}}_{\rm{4}}^{{\rm{2 - }}}$ Abstract:The discontinuity of pore structure and hydraulic properties between layered soils has a significant influence on the transportation of water and salt. Based on the field investigation, the laboratory soil column tests of two soil layer binary structure combinations (loess-sandy silt and loess-silty clay) were designed. Through the model tests, the influence of soil layer structure on capillary water distribution and salt accumulation under different groundwater supply conditions was discussed. The test results show that under the condition of capillary water supply, the upper-fine and lower-coarse soil layer structure composed of loess-sandy silt is beneficial to capillary water and salt transportation. After 60 days of evaporation, the surface content of the upper-fine and lower-coarse soil column is twice of the upper-coarse and lower-fine soil column. Under the condition of no capillary water supply, the total amount and rate of upward migration of water and salt in the sandy silt layer is greater than that of the silty clay layer, and finally the ion content of each of the overlying soil layer in the upper-fine and lower-coarse soil column is greater than the upper-coarse and lower-fine soil column. The research results provide experimental reference for the prevention of saline soil disease in layered soil areas.
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Key words:
- soil layer structure /
- capillary action /
- soil column test /
- water and salt transport
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表 1 试验组设计
Table 1. Test group design
土柱编号 ΙA IB ⅡA ⅡB 上覆土层 黄土 黄土 黄土 黄土 下伏土层 砂质粉土 粉质黏土 砂质粉土 粉质黏土 隔断层 标准砂层 标准砂层 卵砾石层 卵砾石层 
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表 2 试验土样的物理性质
Table 2. Physical properties of soil samples
土样 液限/% 塑限/% 塑性指数 最大干密度/（g·cm−3） 最优含水率/% 黄土 27.2 18.2 9.0 1.80 15.0 砂质粉土 21.4 13.5 7.9 2.00 12.0 粉质黏土 30.6 19.5 11.1 1.73 17.0
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