-
摘要:
黄土潜蚀指地表水沿黄土大孔隙、节理裂隙等优势渗流通道饱水入渗时对黄土产生的渗透潜蚀、冲刷搬运及浸水湿陷作用。黄土由于水敏性、结构面发育、优势渗流等特点，导致黄土地区潜蚀广泛发育，且黄土潜蚀具有显著的致灾效应，使得潜蚀诱发的黄土地质灾害的成因机理及防治研究愈发复杂。文章首先梳理了黄土潜蚀的基本概念，在总结黄土潜蚀主控因素的基础上，阐述了黄土潜蚀的成因机理，延伸了黄土潜蚀致灾效应的基本内涵。最后根据黄土潜蚀研究现状，对未来黄土潜蚀研究作了简要展望，指出今后需更加重视黄土潜蚀在黄土地质灾害链中关键链接作用方面的研究。文章针对黄土地区潜蚀研究中若干问题的初步思考，旨在为后续的黄土潜蚀致灾效应研究提供科学建议。
Abstract:Loess subsurface-erosion refers to the erosion, transport and subsidence of loess caused by surface water infiltration along the dominant seepage channels such as loess macropore joints and fissures. Due to the characteristics of water sensitivity, structural surface development, dominant seepage, etc., loess subsurface-erosion has developed extensively in the loess area, and loess subsurface-erosion has a significant disaster effect, making the mechanism and prevention of loess disasters induced by erosion more complicated. This article first combed the basic concepts of loess subsurface-erosion, based on summarizing the main controlling factors of loess subsurface-erosion, expounded the formation mechanism of loess subsurface-erosion, and expanded the basic connotation of loess subsurface-erosion disaster effect. Finally, according to the current research status of loess submergence, a brief prospect is made for the future research of loess subsurface-erosion, and it is pointed out that more attention should be paid to the research on the key linking role of loess subsurface erosion in the loess disaster chain. This article focuses on the preliminary thinking of several problems in the study of loess subsurface-erosion, and aims to provide scientific suggestions for the subsequent study of loess subsurface-erosion hazard effects.
-
-
表 1 黄土优势渗流通道分类及特征表
Table 1. Classification and characteristic table of dominant seepage channels in loess
作者 分类依据 类别 渗流特征 卢全中等[58] 闭合状态、水在裂隙
中的渗透运移闭合结构面 水在裂隙中渗透的速度与两侧土体中接近，此时土体可视为连续介质或不均匀连续介质 裂开结构面 水在裂缝中渗漏，可视为不连续介质，但在压力作用下两侧土体可相互影响 张开结构面 将两侧黄土分成互不影响的两部分，水在裂缝中可以自由流动，此时水对土体产生侵蚀，
对土体的性质起着决定性作用张珊珊等[59,60] 水分入渗规律 Ⅰ类优势渗流通道 微小节理（裂隙）、孔隙类，由于水分快速运移的通道不发育，所以水分在这类优势通道中
基本呈现出均匀入渗的模式Ⅱ类优势渗流通道 中宽节理（裂隙）、大孔隙及近地表微小洞穴类，这类优势通道为黄土体中的水分运移
发挥着重要作用，水分运移呈现出快速入渗的模式Ⅲ类优势渗流通道 宽大节理（裂隙）及黄土洞穴类，这类优势通道发育及其明显，尤其是对于落水洞而言，
容易形成水分汇集区并呈现出灌入渗透的模式彭建兵等[18] 微细宏观
不同尺度微观尺度通道 黄土中的大孔隙，表现为均匀入渗 细观尺度通道 具有强渗透性的节理裂隙、断层以及黄土中的虫孔、根孔，具有优势渗流特性 宏观尺度通道 水可以自由出入的、开放性的裂缝和落水洞 张宇[42] 湿润锋迁移形态、
深度和宽度小张开度
（0 mm<a<1.50 mm）由于节理壁面的水—土互馈作用，导致裂隙壁面细颗粒随水流运移，最终堵塞节理，
演变成特殊的大孔隙流中等张开度
（1.50 mm≤a≤2.50 mm）处于小开度和大开度之间 大张开度
（a>2.50 mm）水流会直接穿过裂隙铅直入渗，几乎不与裂隙面发生作用 
下载: 导出CSV
-
[1] 陈永宗, 景可, 蔡强国. 黄土高原现代侵蚀与治理[M]. 北京: 科学技术出版社, 1988.
CHEN Yongzong, JING Ke, CAI Qiangguo. Modern erosion and control of the loess plateau [M]. Beijing: Science Press, 1988. (in Chinese)
[2] 李喜安, 宋焱勋, 叶万军. 黄土洞穴潜蚀工程地质[M]. 上海: 同济大学出版社, 2010.
LI Xi'an, SONG Yanxun, YE Wanjun. Engineering geological research on tunnel-erosion in loess[M]. Shanghai: Tongji University Press, 2010. (in Chinese)
[3] 彭建兵, 李庆春, 陈志新. 黄土洞穴灾害[M]. 北京: 科学出版社, 2008.
PENG Jianbing, LI Qingchun, CHEN Zhixin. Loess cave disaster [M]. Beijing: Science Press, 2008. (in Chinese)
[4] 彭建兵, 李喜安, 孙萍, 等. 黄土洞穴的环境灾害效应[J]. 地球与环境,2005,33(4):1 − 7. [PENG Jianbing, LI Xi’an, SUN Ping, et al. Environmental and disaster effects of loess caves[J]. Earth and Environment,2005,33(4):1 − 7. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[5] HU S, QIU H J, WANG N L, et al. The influence of loess cave development upon landslides and geomorphologic evolution: A case study from the northwest loess plateau, China[J]. Geomorphology,2020,359:107167. doi: 10.1016/j.geomorph.2020.107167
[6] 朱显谟. 黄土区的洞穴侵蚀[J]. 黄河建设,1958(3):43 − 44. [ZHU Xianmo. Cave Erosion in Loess Area[J]. Yellow River Construction,1958(3):43 − 44. (in Chinese)
[7] 李喜安. 黄土暗穴的成因及其公路工程灾害效应研究[D]. 西安: 长安大学, 2004.
LI Xi'an. Research on the causes of the dark hole in the loess and the disaster effects of highway engineering[D]. Xi'an: Chang'an University, 2004.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[8] 李喜安, 彭建兵, 郑书彦, 等. 公路黄土洞穴灾害与水土流失研究[J]. 公路,2004,49(12):70 − 73. [LI Xi’an, PENG Jianbing, ZHENG Shuyan, et al. Loess cave hazard in highways and water and soil loss[J]. Highway,2004,49(12):70 − 73. (in Chinese with English abstract) doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0451-0712.2004.12.016
[9] 李喜安, 彭建兵, 陈志新, 等. 黄土洞穴潜蚀地貌及其利弊综合分析[J]. 西安科技大学学报,2009,29(1):78 − 84. [LI Xi’an, PENG Jianbing, CHEN Zhixin, et al. Benefits and hazards of subground erosional geomorphy of loess tunnels[J]. Journal of Xi'an University of Science and Technology,2009,29(1):78 − 84. (in Chinese with English abstract) doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-9315.2009.01.017
[10] 刘林, 李金峰, 王小平. 黄土高原沟壑丘陵区沟道侵蚀与洞穴侵蚀特征[J]. 水土保持通报,2015,35(1):14 − 19. [LIU Lin, LI Jinfeng, WANG Xiaoping. Features on gully erosion and tunnel erosion in loess hilly and gully region[J]. Bulletin of Soil and Water Conservation,2015,35(1):14 − 19. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[11] 郑鹏飞, 胡江洋, 刘晓京. 黄土边坡落水洞的形成演化机理研究[J]. 灾害学, 2019, 34(增刊1): 224 − 227.
ZHENG Pengfei, HU Jiangyang, LIU Xiaojing. Formation and evolution mechanism of waterfall tunnel on loess slope[J]. Journal of Catastrophology, 2019, 34(Sup 1): 224 − 227. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[12] 张焱, 邱海军, 胡胜, 等. 黄土洞穴发育条件下滑坡土体性质及其稳定性分析[J]. 自然灾害学报,2020,29(2):64 − 75. [ZHANG Yan, QIU Haijun, HU Sheng, et al. Analysis of the properties and stability of landslide soil under the development conditions of loess caves[J]. Journal of Natural Disasters,2020,29(2):64 − 75. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[13] 徐张建, 林在贯, 张茂省. 中国黄土与黄土滑坡[J]. 岩石力学与工程学报,2007,26(7):1297 − 1312. [XU Zhangjian, LIN Zaiguan, ZHANG Maosheng. Loess in China and loess landslides[J]. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2007,26(7):1297 − 1312. (in Chinese with English abstract) doi: 10.3321/j.issn:1000-6915.2007.07.001
[14] 雷祥义, 魏青珂. 陕北伤亡性黄土崩塌成因与对策研究[J]. 岩土工程学报,1998,20(1):64 − 69. [LEI Xiangyi, WEI Qingke. Study on the origin and countermeasure of the casualty loess landfalls in the Northern Shaanxi[J]. Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,1998,20(1):64 − 69. (in Chinese with English abstract) doi: 10.3321/j.issn:1000-4548.1998.01.016
[15] 武彩霞, 许领, 戴福初, 等. 黑方台黄土泥流滑坡及发生机制研究[J]. 岩土力学,2011,32(6):1767 − 1773. [WU Caixia, XU Ling, DAI Fuchu, et al. Topographic features and initiation of earth flows on Heifangtai loess plateau[J]. Rock and Soil Mechanics,2011,32(6):1767 − 1773. (in Chinese with English abstract) doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-7598.2011.06.028
[16] 彭建兵, 林鸿州, 王启耀, 等. 黄土地质灾害研究中的关键问题与创新思路[J]. 工程地质学报,2014,22(4):684 − 691. [PENG Jianbing, LIN Hongzhou, WANG Qiyao, et al. The critical issues and creative concepts in mitigation research of loess geological hazards[J]. Journal of Engineering Geology,2014,22(4):684 − 691. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[17] 乔建伟, 彭建兵, 郑建国, 等. 中国地裂缝发育规律与运动特征研究[J]. 工程地质学报,2020,28(5):1016 − 1027. [QIAO Jianwei, PENG Jianbing, ZHENG Jianguo, et al. Development rules and movement characteristics of earth fissures in China[J]. Journal of Engineering Geology,2020,28(5):1016 − 1027. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[18] 彭建兵, 王启耀, 庄建琦, 等. 黄土高原滑坡灾害形成动力学机制[J]. 地质力学学报,2020,26(5):714 − 730. [PENG Jianbing, WANG Qiyao, ZHUANG Jianqi, et al. Dynamic formation mechanism of landslide disaster on the loess plateau[J]. Journal of Geomechanics,2020,26(5):714 − 730. (in Chinese with English abstract) doi: 10.12090/j.issn.1006-6616.2020.26.05.059
[19] 王斌科. 土壤的洞穴侵蚀研究综述[J]. 土壤学进展,1989,17(1):9 − 14. [WANG Binke. A review of soil cave erosion research[J]. Advances in Soil Science,1989,17(1):9 − 14. (in Chinese)
[20] 张倬元, 王士天, 王兰生. 工程地质分析原理[M]. 4版. 北京: 地质出版社, 2016: 393 − 440.
ZHANG Zhuoyuan, WANG Shitian, WANG Lansheng. Principles of engineering geology analysis (Fourth Edition) [M]. Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 2016: 393 − 440. (in Chinese)
[21] 王景明. 黄土构造节理的理论及其应用[M]. 北京: 中国水利电力出版社, 1996: 1-225.
WANG Jingming. Loess structural joint theory and its application [M]. Beijing: China Water Power Press, 1996: 1 − 225. (in Chinese)
[22] 王斌科. 引起洞穴侵蚀的主要因素的探索[J]. 水土保持学报,1989,3(3):84 − 90. [WANG Binke. A study on main factors affecting tunnel erosion[J]. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation,1989,3(3):84 − 90. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[23] 王玉涛, 刘小平, 曹晓毅. 基于主成分分析法的Q2黄土湿陷特性研究[J]. 水文地质工程地质,2020,47(4):141 − 148. [WANG Yutao, LIU Xiaoping, CAO Xiaoyi. A study of the collapsibility of Q2 loess based on principal component analysis[J]. Hydrogeology & Engineering Geology,2020,47(4):141 − 148. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[24] 唐小明, 李长安, 黄长生, 等. 兰州西部地区的黄土潜蚀作用[J]. 甘肃地质学报,1999,8(1):3 − 5. [TANG Xiaoming, LI Chang'an, HUANG Changsheng, et al. A primary study on the loess suffosion erosion in the area to west of Lanzhou, Gansu Province[J]. Acta Geologica Gansu,1999,8(1):3 − 5. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[25] 赵永伟. 黄土洞穴形成环境与分布规律研究[D]. 西安: 长安大学, 2004.
ZHAO Yongwei. Research on the formation environment and distribution law of loess caves[D]. Xi'an: Changan University, 2004. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[26] 彭建兵, 李喜安, 范文, 等. 黄土高原地区黄土洞穴的分类及发育规律[J]. 地学前缘,2007,14(6):234 − 244. [Peng Jianbing, Li Xi'an, Fan Wen, et al. Classification and development pattern of caves in the loess plateau[J]. Earth Science Frontiers,2007,14(6):234 − 244. (in Chinese with English abstract) doi: 10.3321/j.issn:1005-2321.2007.06.030
[27] 王斌科, 朱显谟, 唐克丽. 黄土高原的洞穴侵蚀与防治[J]. 中国科学院西北水土保持研究所集刊,1988(1):26 − 39. [WANG Binke, ZHU Xianmo, TANG Keli. Tunnel erosion and its control in the loess plateau[J]. Memoir of Northwestern Institute of Soil and Water Conservation Academia Sinica,1988(1):26 − 39. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[28] 张世武, 韩庆宪, 白晓华. 黄土落水洞初步研究[J]. 中国水土保持,1992(6):26 − 27. [ZHANG Shiwu, HAN Qingxian, BAI Xiaohua. Preliminary study on loess doline[J]. Soil and Water Conservation in China,1992(6):26 − 27. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[29] 刘东生. 黄土与环境[M]. 北京: 科学出版社, 1986.
LIU Dongsheng. Loess and environment[M]. Beijing: Science Press, 1986. (in Chinese)
[30] 张宗祜, 姚足金, 王开申. 中国黄土的主要工程地质问题[J]. 地质学报,1973,47(2):255 − 269. [ZHANG Zonghu, YAO Zujin, WANG Kaishen. Main engineering geological problems of Chinese loess[J]. Acta Geological Sinica,1973,47(2):255 − 269. (in Chinese)
[31] 杨柳悦. 黄土中渗流水运动及其对土体的潜蚀特征研究[D]. 杨凌: 西北农林科技大学, 2014.
YANG Liuyue. Research on movement and erosion characteristics of seepage water in the loess[D]. Yangling: Northwest A & F University, 2014. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[32] 赵跃中, 杨柳悦, 穆兴民, 等. 黄土中渗流水潜蚀特征研究[J]. 灌溉排水学报,2015,34(10):37 − 39. [ZHAO Yuezhong, YANG Liuyue, MU Xingmin, et al. Characteristic of sub-ground erosion in the loess[J]. Journal of Irrigation and Drainage,2015,34(10):37 − 39. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[33] 邹锡云, 许强, 彭大雷, 等. 黑方台典型黄土洞穴形成的影响因素[J]. 科学技术与工程,2018,18(28):58 − 64. [ZOU Xiyun, XU Qiang, PENG Dalei, et al. Influencing factors of formation of typical loess sinkhole in Heifangtai[J]. Science Technology and Engineering,2018,18(28):58 − 64. (in Chinese with English abstract) doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1671-1815.2018.28.007
[34] 张风亮, 罗扬, 朱武卫, 等. 垂直节理对黄土渗透性的影响研究[J]. 工业建筑,2019,49(1):14 − 20. [ZHANG Fengliang, LUO Yang, ZHU Wuwei, et al. Research on the influence of vertical joints on the permeability of loess[J]. Industrial Construction,2019,49(1):14 − 20. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[35] 李亮. 地裂缝带黄土的渗透变形试验研究[D]. 西安: 长安大学, 2007.
LI Liang. Seepage deformation experimental research of fissured loess[D]. Xi'an: Changan University, 2007. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[36] 房江锋. 黄土节理抗剪强度和渗透性试验研究及工程应用[D]. 西安: 西安建筑科技大学, 2010.
FANG Jiangfeng. Experimental research on shear strength and loess permeability of the intact loess joints and engineering application[D]. Xi'an: Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, 2010. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[37] 杨华. 裂隙性黄土渗透特性试验研究[D]. 西安: 长安大学, 2016.
YANG Hua. Experimental research on the permeation properties of fissured loess[D]. Xi'an: Changan University, 2016. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[38] 洪勃, 杜少少, 李喜安, 等. 泾河南塬黄土的渗透特征及孕灾机制[J]. 水土保持通报,2019,39(3):75 − 79. [HONG Bo, DU Shaoshao, LI Xi'an, et al. Infiltration characteristics and disaster-forming mechanism of loess in south Jinghe tableland[J]. Bulletin of Soil and Water Conservation,2019,39(3):75 − 79. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[39] 孙萍萍. 黄土水敏性与降雨诱发浅层黄土滑坡预测[D]. 西安: 西北大学, 2020.
SUN Pingping. Water sensitivity of loess and prediction of rainfall induced shallow loess landslides[D]. Xi'an: Northwest University, 2020. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[40] 罗扬. 黄土节理渗流特性的试验研究及节理黄土水分场数值分析[D]. 西安: 西安建筑科技大学, 2011.
LUO Yang. Experimental study on joint seepage characteristics of loess and numerical analysis of joint loess[D]. Xi'an: Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, 2011. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[41] 罗扬, 王铁行, 王娟娟. 含节理黄土渗流数值模型研究[J]. 工程地质学报,2014,22(6):1115 − 1122. [LUO Yang, WANG Tiehang, WANG Juanjuan. Finite element seepage flow model for unsaturated loess with joints[J]. Journal of Engineering Geology,2014,22(6):1115 − 1122. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[42] 张宇. 考虑张开度的节理发育黄土体水分场试验研究[D]. 西安: 西安建筑科技大学, 2020.
ZHANG Yu. Experimental study on moisture field of loess body with joints considering opening degree[D]. Xi'an: Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, 2020. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[43] 谢婉丽, 王延寿, 马中豪, 等. 黄土湿陷机理研究现状及发展趋势[J]. 现代地质,2015,29(2):397 − 407. [XIE Wanli, WANG Yanshou, MA Zhonghao, et al. Research status and prospect of loess collapsibility mechanism[J]. Geoscience,2015,29(2):397 − 407. (in Chinese with English abstract) doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-8527.2015.02.025
[44] WANG L, LI X, LI L C, et al. Characterization of the collapsible mechanisms of Malan loess on the Chinese Loess Plateau and their effects on eroded loess landforms[J]. Human and Ecological Risk Assessment: An International Journal,2020,26(9):2541 − 2566. doi: 10.1080/10807039.2020.1721265
[45] 蒋定生. 黄土区不同利用类型土壤抗冲刷能力的研究[J]. 土壤通报,1979,10(4):20 − 23. [JIANG Dingsheng. Study on the anti-scouring ability of different utilization types of soil in the loess area[J]. Chinese Journal of Soil Science,1979,10(4):20 − 23. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[46] 李昌贤. 黄土洞穴成因机制研究[D]. 西安: 长安大学, 2004.
LI Changxian. Research on the genetic mechanism of loess caves. Xi'an: Changan University, 2004. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[47] 李滨. 晋西黄土暗穴成因及其对公路危害研究[D]. 西安: 长安大学, 2006.
LI Bin. Research on the causes of the dark holes in the loess of western Shaanxi and their hazards to highways[D]. Xi'an: Changan University, 2006. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[48] LI X, WANG L, YAN Y L, et al. Experimental study on the disintegration of loess in the Loess Plateau of China[J]. Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment,2019,78(7):4907 − 4918. doi: 10.1007/s10064-018-01434-6
[49] QIAO X Y, LI X A, GUO Y W, et al. In-situ experimental research on water scouring of loess slopes[J]. Environmental Earth Sciences,2018,77(11):1 − 12.
[50] LI X, WANG L, HONG B, et al. Erosion characteristics of loess tunnels on the Loess Plateau: A field investigation and experimental study[J]. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms,2020,45(9):1945 − 1958. doi: 10.1002/esp.4857
[51] 王景明, 张骏. 论黄土节理[J]. 长安大学学报(地球科学版),1985,7(2):30 − 41. [WANG Jingming, ZHANG Jun. On loessial joints[J]. Journal of Chang'an University Earth Science Edition,1985,7(2):30 − 41. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[52] 王景明, 卜臣. 黄土喀斯特与水土流失灾害[J]. 中国水土保持,1990(1):20 − 24. [WANG Jingming, BU Chen. Loess karst and disaster due to soil loss[J]. Soil and Water Conservation in China,1990(1):20 − 24. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[53] 王景明, 卜臣. 黄土喀斯特与水土流失灾害(续)[J]. 中国水土保持,1990(2):34 − 35. [WANG Jingming, BU Chen. Loess karst and soil erosion disasters (Continued)[J]. Soil and Water Conservation in China,1990(2):34 − 35. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[54] 王景明, 王君. 冀中南黄土潜蚀地貌与黄土构造节理[J]. 地理研究,1994,13(1):90 − 93. [WANG Jingming, WANG Jun. Loessic corrosion landform and loessic tectonic joint in the mtddle south of Hebei Provnce[J]. Geographical Research,1994,13(1):90 − 93. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[55] 康尘云, 王少凯, 贺鸣. 陇西黄土构造节理几何特征分析[J]. 中国地质灾害与防治学报,2019,30(5):131 − 138. [KANG Chenyun, WANG Shaokai, HE Ming. Geometrical features of tectonic joints in loess of central Gansu and southern Ningxia[J]. The Chinese Journal of Geological Hazard and Control,2019,30(5):131 − 138. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[56] 王景明, 倪玉兰, 孙建中. 黄土构造节理研究及其应用[J]. 工程地质学报,1994,2(4):31 − 42. [WANG Jingming, NI Yulan, SUN Jianzhong. A study on structural joints in loess and its practical applications[J]. Journal of Engineering Geology,1994,2(4):31 − 42. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[57] 贺可强, 王景明, 张振营. 南水北调穿黄工程区黄土潜蚀地貌发育规律与形成机制初探[J]. 水文地质工程地质,1996,23(5):30 − 35. [HE Keqiang, WANG Jingming, ZHANG Zhenying. A preliminary study on the development law and formation mechanism of loess undercutting geomorphology in the Yellow River water transfer project area[J]. Hydrogeology & Engineering Geology,1996,23(5):30 − 35. (in Chinese)
[58] 卢全中, 彭建兵. 黄土体结构面的发育特征及其灾害效应[J]. 西安科技大学学报,2006,26(4):446 − 450. [LU Quanzhong, PENG Jianbing. Characteristics of structural planes of loess mass in loess plateau of China and its hazard effect[J]. Journal of Xi'an University of Science and Technology,2006,26(4):446 − 450. (in Chinese with English abstract) doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-9315.2006.04.003
[59] 张珊珊. 黄土斜坡优势通道及优势入渗规律[D]. 北京: 中国地质大学(北京), 2018.
ZHANG Shanshan. The preferential passage and the law of preferential infiltration of loess slope[D]. Beijing: China University of Geosciences, 2018. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[60] 张珊珊, 张茂省, 孙萍萍, 等. 面向黄土地质灾害的优势流研究[J]. 兰州大学学报(自然科学版),2019,55(2):274 − 280. [ZHANG Shanshan, ZHANG Maosheng, SUN Pingping, et al. Advances in and outlooks of preferential flow study in unsaturated soils[J]. Journal of Lanzhou University (Natural Sciences),2019,55(2):274 − 280. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[61] 李喜安, 彭建兵, 陈志新, 等. 黄土地层地表径流下潜模式与地质灾害[J]. 工程地质学报,2007,15(4):495 − 499. [LI Xi'an, PENG Jianbing, CHEN Zhixin, et al. On the infiltration modes of surface runoff in the loess layer and geological hazards[J]. Journal of Engineering Geology,2007,15(4):495 − 499. (in Chinese with English abstract) doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-9665.2007.04.011
[62] 仵彦卿. 地下水与地质灾害[J]. 地下空间,1999(4):303 − 310. [WU Yanqing. Groundwater flow and geological hazards[J]. Underground Space,1999(4):303 − 310. (in Chinese with English abstract) doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-0836.1999.04.007
[63] 罗来兴. 划分晋西、陕北、陇东黄土区域沟间地与沟谷的地貌类型[J]. 地理学报,1956,11(3):201 − 222. [LUO Laixing. A tentative classification of landforms in the loess plateau[J]. Acta Geographica Sinica,1956,11(3):201 − 222. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[64] 陈传康. 陇东东南部黄土地形类型及其发育规律[J]. 地理学报,1956,11(3):223 − 231. [CHEN Chuankang. Types of loess and its development in the southeast of Longdong[J]. Acta Geographica Sinica,1956,11(3):223 − 231. (in Chinese)
[65] 刘建平. 陕西省子长地区黄土的潜蚀试验研究[D]. 武汉: 中国地质大学, 2008.
LIU Jianping. Experimental study on the subsurface erosion of loess in the Zichang area of Shanxi Province[D]. Wuhan: China University of Geosciences, 2008. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[66] 康锦辉. 黄土洞穴物理潜蚀机理试验研究[D]. 西安: 长安大学, 2010.
KANG Jinhui. Physical sub-erosion mechanism of loess cave study[D]. Xi'an: Changan University, 2010. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[67] PENG J B, SUN P, IGWE O, et al. Loess caves, a special kind of geo-hazard on loess plateau, northwestern China[J]. Engineering Geology,2018,236:79 − 88. doi: 10.1016/j.enggeo.2017.08.012
[68] 李滨, 彭建兵, 殷跃平, 等. 晋西黄土洞穴成因研究[J]. 工程地质学报,2007,15(4):490 − 494. [LI Bin, PENG Jianbing, YIN Yueping, et al. Study on origin of loess caves in west Shanxi[J]. Journal of Engineering Geology,2007,15(4):490 − 494. (in Chinese with English abstract) doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-9665.2007.04.010
[69] 朱兴华, 彭建兵, 同霄, 等. 黄土地区地质灾害链研究初探[J]. 工程地质学报,2017,25(1):117 − 122. [ZHU Xinghua, PENG Jianbing, TONG Xiao, et al. Preliminary research on geological disaster chains in loess area[J]. Journal of Engineering Geology,2017,25(1):117 − 122. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[70] 张宇宇. 降雨作用下延安地区黄土崩塌形成的机理研究[D]. 西安: 西安科技大学, 2016.
ZHANG Yuyu. Study on the formation mechanism of loess collapse induced by rainfall in Yan’an area[D]. Xi'an: Xi'an University of Science and Technology, 2016. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[71] 李治财, 刘高. 黄土滑坡与黄土洞穴的相关性及其相互作用机理[J]. 兰州大学学报(自然科学版),2014,50(1):21 − 25. [LI Zhicai, LIU Gao. Correlation and interaction mechanism between loess landslides and loess caves[J]. Journal of Lanzhou University (Natural Sciences),2014,50(1):21 − 25. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[72] 张坤. 泥流型黄土滑坡与洞穴成因机制及其相互作用[J]. 铁道建筑,2018,58(5):95 − 97. [ZHANG Kun. Genetic mechanism and interaction between mudflow loess landslide and cave[J]. Railway Engineering,2018,58(5):95 − 97. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[73] 高静贤, 戴福初, 朱雨轩, 等. 四川宁南水塘村滑坡形成机理[J]. 中国地质灾害与防治学报,2019,30(6):1 − 9. [GAO Jingxian, DAI Fuchu, ZHU Yuxuan, et al. Failure mechanism of the Shuitang Village landslide in Ningnan County, Sichuan Province[J]. The Chinese Journal of Geological Hazard and Control,2019,30(6):1 − 9. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[74] 袁中夏, 赵未超, 叶帅华, 等. 含水量对黄土边坡稳定性的影响[J]. 中国地质灾害与防治学报,2019,30(3):37 − 43. [YUAN Zhongxia, ZHAO Weichao, YE Shuaihua, et al. Influence of water content on loess slope stability[J]. The Chinese Journal of Geological Hazard and Control,2019,30(3):37 − 43. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[75] 贺小黑, 彭鑫, 谭建民, 等. 地下水渗流对崩坡积滑坡稳定性和变形的影响: 以湖南安化春风滑坡群为例[J]. 中国地质灾害与防治学报,2020,31(6):96 − 103. [HE Xiaohei, PENG Xin, TAN Jianmin, et al. Influence of groundwater seepage on stability and deformation of colluvial deposit landslide: Taking Chunfeng Landslide group in Anhua County of Hunan Province as an example[J]. The Chinese Journal of Geological Hazard and Control,2020,31(6):96 − 103. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[76] 李治财, 刘高. 滑坡体上黄土洞穴的发育特征及其成因机制[J]. 中国水土保持,2014(4):60 − 63. [LI Zhicai, LIU Gao. Development characteristics of loess caves on landslides and its formation mechanism[J]. Soil and Water Conservation in China,2014(4):60 − 63. (in Chinese with English abstract) doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-0941.2014.04.026
[77] 马东涛, 崔鹏, 张金山, 等. 黄土高原泥流灾害成因及特征[J]. 干旱区地理,2005,28(4):435 − 440. [MA Dongtao, CUI Peng, ZHANG Jinshan, et al. Formation causes and features of mudflows in the loess plateau, China[J]. Arid Land Geography,2005,28(4):435 − 440. (in Chinese with English abstract) doi: 10.3321/j.issn:1000-6060.2005.04.004
[78] 蒋臻蔚. 水作用下地裂缝成因机制及数值模拟[D]. 西安: 长安大学, 2011.
JIANG Zhenwei. Earth fissure formation mechanism under the the role of water and its numerical simulation[D]. Xi'an: Changan University, 2011. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[79] 韩金良, 吴树仁, 汪华斌. 地质灾害链[J]. 地学前缘,2007,14(6):11 − 23. [HAN Jinliang, WU Shuren, WANG Huabin. Preliminary study on geological hazard chains[J]. Earth Science Frontiers,2007,14(6):11 − 23. (in Chinese with English abstract) doi: 10.3321/j.issn:1005-2321.2007.06.003
[80] HAN J L, WU S R, WANG H B. Preliminary study on geological hazard chains[J]. Earth Science Frontiers,2007,14(6):11 − 20. doi: 10.1016/S1872-5791(08)60001-9
[81] XU M Z, WANG Z Y, QI L J, et al. Disaster chains initiated by the Wenchuan earthquake[J]. Environmental Earth Sciences,2012,65(4):975 − 985. doi: 10.1007/s12665-011-0905-3
[82] WANG Y, SHU Z Y, LI Y Y. Research of slope disaster chain-stage and evolvement rules[J]. IOP Conference Series:Earth and Environmental Science,2020,455(1):012076. doi: 10.1088/1755-1315/455/1/012076
-
图(8)
表(1)
计量
- 文章访问数: 2370
- PDF下载数: 32
- 施引文献: 0