Early identification of hidden dangers of lanslides based on the combination of ascending and descending orbits InSAR and high spatial resolution optical remote sensing: A case study of landslides in Longde County, southern Ningxia
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摘要:
宁夏隆德县地处六盘山西麓，地质条件复杂，受季节性强降雨影响，滑坡地质灾害频发，给当地人民生命财产安全造成了严重威胁。针对宁夏东部和南部植被覆盖率高的特点，文章利用合成孔径雷达升降轨差分干涉测量（Synthetic Aperture Radar Difference Interferometry, D-InSAR）技术与高分辨率光学遥感相结合，对隆德县展开滑坡隐患早期识别与探测研究。首先通过干涉叠加技术（Stacking）分别获得2019年1月—2020年5月隆德县升轨和降轨方向的雷达视向形变速率，然后结合高分辨率光学遥感影像产品和数字高程模型（DEM），基于专家判识经验建立适用于该研究区的滑坡隐患形态和变形解译标志，完成全县范围的滑坡隐患综合遥感识别和地面调查工作。本次遥感调查工作共识别滑坡隐患47处，野外调查验证21处，其中核实16处，准确率为71.4%。实地调查结果验证了综合遥感识别与探测技术在宁夏南部地质灾害隐患遥感调查的适用性和可行性，同时也验证了识别结果的准确性，为宁夏南部地区滑坡防治和突发地质灾害应急提供了重要的科学依据。
Abstract:Longde County in southern Ningxia is located at the western foot of Liupan mountain. Geological conditions is complicated. Affected by seasonal heavy rainfall, landslides and geological disasters occur frequently in the area, which poses a serious threat to local people's lives and property. In consideration of the high fractional vegetation in study area, integrated remote sensing technologies combined of Synthetic Aperture Radar Difference Interferometry technology and high spatial resolution optical remote sensing have been used in early detection of Landslides in the Longde county. Stacking technology has been used to calculate the rate of deformation from 2019.01 to 2021.05, in the direction of ascending and descending orbit. Combining high spatial resolution optical remote sensing images and digital elevation model (DEM), the interpretation key of landslide in the area deformation has been established. Then the early detection of landslides and ground survey in Longde county have been done. Through the integrated remote sensing technologies, 47 landslides were detected. 21 landslides were surveyed by field, of which 16 were verified, with an accuracy rate of 71.4%. The results of field survey demonstrated the applicability and feasibility of integrated remote sensing technology in the detection of landslides in southern Ningxia. Meanwhile, and the accuracy of the results in Longde county has been testified. The results of the early detection through integrated remote sensing technology provided significant scientific bases for the landslide protection and emergency response to sudden geological disasters in southern Ningxia.
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表 1 Sentinel-1A卫星属性
Table 1. Sentinel-1A satellite parameters
卫星名称 幅宽/km 入射角/（°） 极化方式 影像时间 影像数量 Sentinel-1A 250 29.1～46.0 双极化：HH+HV、VV+HH单极化：HH、VV 2019年1月—2020年5月 升轨42期降轨43期 
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直接解译标志 表现为圈椅、双沟同源、椭圆、长条、簸箕形、舌形、弧形、不规则多边形等。斜坡上部分坡体较周围地形平缓，但能与侵蚀平台、阶地等区分。 间接
解译标志颜色 滑坡体显浅色色调，后缘弧形线性清晰，与外围深色调基岩反差明显。 地形地貌 常分布在沟谷、河流等陡峭边坡的局部凹陷地段或河道偏移异常部位。滑坡体后缘发育有弧形异常影像，包括陡坎、地形变异线和色调异常线等。滑坡体前缘边坡向谷地凸出，常有地形微突起及小型崩滑流堆积影像。 水系特征 常形成相对独立封闭的汇水区和特殊的水网系统或发育有与邻近区域不协调的网纹结构，往往导致现代水系变迁等地形变异现象。
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