甘肃黑方台“10·5”黄土滑坡启动及运动特征分析

冉林; 马鹏辉; 彭建兵; 孔嘉旭; 张作蓬; 杨炬; 李泽坤; 马哲

doi:10.16031/j.cnki.issn.1003-8035.202111006

甘肃黑方台“10·5”黄土滑坡启动及运动特征分析

1.
长安大学地质工程与测绘学院，陕西西安　710054

2.
西部矿产资源与地质工程教育部重点实验室，陕西西安　710054

3.
中国有色金属工业西安勘察设计研究院有限公司，陕西西安　710054

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金项目（42107198；42090053；300102262907）

详细信息

作者简介: 冉　林（1997-），男，重庆人，硕士研究生，从事地质灾害研究。E-mail：13594411800@163.com

通讯作者: 马鹏辉（1990-），男，河北张家口人，博士，讲师，从事黄土灾害链研究与教学工作。E-mail：spawnkobe@163.com

中图分类号: P642.22

收稿日期: 2021-11-02

修回日期: 2022-02-05

刊出日期: 2022-12-25

The initiation and motion characteristics of the “10·5” loess landslide in the Heifangtai platform, Gansu Province

1.
College of Geology Engineering and Geomatics, Chang’an University, Xi’an, Shaanxi　710054, China

2.
Key Laboratory of Western Mineral Resources and Geological Engineering Ministry of Education, Xi’an, Shaanxi　 710054, China

3.
Xi’an Engineering Investigation and Design Research Institute, China Nonferrous Metals Industry Co. Ltd., Xi’an, Shaanxi　710054, China

More Information

Corresponding author: MA Penghui, spawnkobe@163.com

Received Date: 02 November 2021

Revised Date: 05 February 2022

Publish Date: 25 December 2022

摘要

摘要:
数十年的塬上大面积灌溉导致甘肃黑方台地下水位不断提升，迄今为止已有约200余起黄土滑坡发生，造成了大量伤亡，给当地居民生活和财产安全带来了巨大的影响。针对黑方台黄土滑坡启动迅速、运动速度快、影响范围广的特征，文中以2019年10月5日发生在黑方台党川村附近的一起黄土滑坡为研究对象，通过野外调研和无人机手段，获取该滑坡的发育特征和地形数据。基于Massflow软件再现了该滑坡运动全过程，最终得到堆积厚度及运动速度2个方面特征，得出以下结论：（1）“10·5”黄土滑坡体积约2.7×10⁴ m³，最大滑距355 m，属于小型黄土滑坡；（2）模拟结果显示，滑坡运动持续时间约45 s，最大运动速度为26 m/s，反演结果与实际情况较吻合。运动过程可分为启动加速阶段、稳定加速阶段、减速堆积阶段三个阶段；（3）对滑坡堆积厚度进行分析发现，该滑坡在主滑方向上平均厚度约0.59 m，最大堆积厚度为1.35 m，沿滑坡运动方向，堆积厚度呈现先增大后减小的趋势，堆积区最大堆积厚度为0.82 m。该研究成果可为黑方台黄土滑坡风险防控提供一定的技术支持。
- “10·5”黄土滑坡 /
- 基本特征 /
- 运动特征 /
- Massflow
Abstract:
Long-time diversion irrigation has led to the continuous rise of the groundwater level in the Heifangtai platform,Gansu Province. So far, more than 200 loess landslides have occurred, causing more catastrophic threats to local people and property. The loess landslides on the Heifangtai Platform were charactered by rapid initiation,fast speed and wide accumulation area. A loess landslide occurred near Dangchuan village in the Heifangtai Platform on October 5, 2019. The characteristics and topographic data of the landslide were obtained by field investigation and UAV technology. We used the Massflow software to simulate the motion process of the landslide, and the deposits thickness and motion speed of the landslide are obtained. The result show that: (1) The “10·5 ” landslide has a volume of about 2.7×10⁴ m³ and a maximum sliding distance of 355 m. It is a small kind of loess landslide; (2) The motion time is about 45 s, the maximum movement speed is 26 m/s, and the inversion result is consistent with the actual situation. The landslide movement process is divided into three stages: start acceleration→steady acceleration→deceleration accumulation; (3) It found that the average thickness and maximum accumlation thickness of the landslide in the main sliding direction were respectively 0.59 m and 1.35 m. The accumulation thickness shows a trend of increasing momently and then decreasing. The largest accumulation thickness is 0.82 m. The research results can provide related technical support for the risk prevention of the loess landslide occurred in the Heifangtai Platform.
- “10·5” loess landslide /
- the basic characteristics /
- motion characteristics /
- Massflow

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图 1 研究区地理位置图

Figure 1.

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图 2 黑方台滑坡分布图

Figure 2.

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图 3 滑坡基本特征

Figure 3.

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图 4 “10·5”滑坡剖面图

Figure 4.

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图 5 滑坡后缘错台及局部裂缝变化过程

Figure 5.

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图 6 滑坡发育过程

Figure 6.

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图 7 滑坡运动过程路径

Figure 7.

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图 8 滑坡不同时刻堆积范围

Figure 8.

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图 9 滑坡剖面位置及堆积厚度图（t=45 s）

Figure 9.

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图 10 不同时刻滑坡运动速度

Figure 10.

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图 11 运动速度-时间变化曲线

Figure 11.

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表 1 研究区地层岩性

Table 1. Stratigraphic lithology of the study area

系	统	代号	岩性
第四系	全新统		堆积物，由滑后的黄土、卵砾石及砂泥岩
第四系	上更新统		灰黄色黄土，以粉粒为主，厚30～50 m
第四系	中更新统		褐红色粉质黏土层，厚3～10 m
第四系	中更新统		粉砂细层、砂卵石层，厚1～10 m
白垩系	下统		紫红色-暗红色泥岩、砂质泥岩，厚度>70 m

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表 2 模拟计算参数

Table 2. Simulation parameters

参数	/（kg·m⁻³）	c/kPa	/（°）		g/（m·s⁻²）
取值	1400	5.5	32°	0.76	9.8

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