Experimental analysis of failure process in soft-hard combined rock masses at different inclination angles
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摘要:
为探究软岩倾角对组合岩体破裂演化过程的影响，论文通过对不同软岩倾角组合岩体进行单轴压缩试验，采用数字散斑和声发射方法作为观测手段，探究含不同软岩倾角组合岩体的破裂演化过程，分析组合岩体力学性能随角度的变化规律，得出含不同倾角软硬组合岩体的破裂模式。结果表明：（1）软硬组合岩体破坏是岩体内部发生损伤，在软岩周围开始出现裂纹，并沿着软岩层及周围扩展、贯通破裂的动态演化过程。（2）组合岩体的变形破坏过程仍表现为原始裂隙压密、弹性变形、塑性变形及破坏四个阶段。（3）随着软岩倾角的增大，岩体的压密阶段逐渐增大，弹性模量逐渐减小，抗压强度越来越小；当软岩倾角θ=0°、15°时，岩体破裂表现为软硬组合岩体组合破裂；当软岩倾角θ=30°、45°时，岩体破裂主要发生在软岩区域，岩体的破坏形式由贯穿软岩层剪切破坏转变为沿软岩层滑移剪切破坏。可见软岩层倾角越大，岩体越容易发生失稳破坏。论文可为含软硬组合岩体工程的长期稳定性分析及复杂层状组合岩体的力学行为研究提供参考。
Abstract:In order to investigate the influence of the inclination angle of soft rocks on the evolution process of composite rock mass rupture, this paper conducted uniaxial compression experiments on composite rock masses with different inclination angles of soft rock. Digital speckle and acoustic emission methods were used as observation tools to explore the combined effects of different soft rock dip angles. The fracture evolution process of the rock mass was analyzed, and the change in mechanical properties of the composite rock mass with angle was studied. The fracture mode of the soft and hard composite rock mass with different inclination angles was obtained. The results show that the deformation and failure of the composite rock mass is a dynamic evolution process in which damage occurs inside the rock mass, with cracks appearing around the soft rock, and extend along and around the soft rock layer, eventually penetrating through the fracture. The deformation and failure process of the combined rock mass is manifested in four stages: original fissure compaction, elastic deformation, plastic deformation and failure. With an increase of the inclination angle of soft rocks, the compaction stage of the rock mass gradually increased, and the elastic modulus gradually decreased. When the inclination angle of soft rock is θ=0° or 15°, the rock mass rupture appears as a combination of soft and hard rock mass failure. When the inclination angle of soft rock is θ=30° or 45°, the rock mass failure mainly occurs in the soft rock area, and the form of rock mass changes from shear failure penetrating the soft rock layer to sliding shear failure along the soft rock layer. The greater the inclination angle of the soft rock layer, the more likely the rock mass is to undergo unstable failure. This study provides a reference for the long-term stability analysis of rock mass engineering containing soft and hard composites and the mechanical behavior of complex layered composite rock mass.
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Key words:
- soft-hard combination /
- crack evolution /
- digital speckle /
- acoustic emission /
- uniaxial compression
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表 2 不同倾角组合岩体单轴压缩试验结果
Table 2. Experimental results of uniaxial compression of rock masses with different inclination angles of the weak layers
标号 密度/（g·cm−3） 弹性模量/GPa 峰值应变/% 抗压强度/MPa 单个试样 均值 单个试样 均值 单个试样 均值 单个试样 均值 Q0-1 2.42 2.40 2.96 2.94 1.64 1.46 29.50 27.53 Q0-2 2.41 2.99 1.53 26.50 Q0-3 2.36 2.86 1.21 26.59 Q15-1 2.38 2.38 2.86 2.80 1.54 1.51 25.07 25.62 Q15-2 2.41 3.00 1.69 26.95 Q15-3 2.35 2.55 1.30 24.83 Q30-1 2.42 2.39 2.91 2.76 1.57 1.32 18.75 19.42 Q30-2 2.38 2.84 1.26 19.89 Q30-3 2.37 2.54 1.12 19.62 Q45-1 2.28 2.28 2.40 2.39 0.97 1.00 16.99 16.75 Q45-2 2.27 2.39 1.05 16.07 Q45-3 2.28 2.37 0.99 17.02 
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