Risk assessment of geological hazards in Song County, Henan Province
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摘要:
基于ArcGIS环境下，通过选取河南省嵩县区域高程、地貌、工程岩组、植被覆盖度、距构造距离、距水系距离、坡度、坡向等 8个因子建立危险性评价模型，易损性选取建筑物、人员和交通等 3 个承灾因子，分别采用信息量模型和层次分析法对河南省嵩县区域进行地质灾害易发性、危险性和易损性评价。研究结果表明，嵩县区域划分为低风险区面积为965.34 km2，占嵩县区域面积32%；中风险区面积为1114.65 km2，占嵩县区域面积的37%；高风险区面积为826.23 km2，占嵩县区域面积的27%；极高风险区面积为102.68 km2，占嵩县区域面积的3%。研究成果可应用于嵩县防灾减灾及地质灾害风险管控等方面。
Abstract:Using the ArcGIS environment, a risk assessment model is established by selecting eight indicator factors, including regional elevation, landform, engineering rock group, vegetation coverage, distance from structures, distance from water systems, slope, and slope direction in Song county, Henan Province, China. The vulnerability is evaluated under three disaster-bearing factors: buildings, personnel and traffic. The information volume model and analytic hierarchy process are used to assess the susceptibility, risk and vulnerability of geological disasters in Song county. The results show that the area of Song county is divided into low-risk areas, covering 965.34 km2, accounting for 32% of the total area; medium risk area, covering 1114.65 km2, accounting for 37% of the total area; high-risk area, covering 826.23 km2, accounting for 27% of the total area; and extremely high risk area, covering 102.68 km2, accounting for 3% of the area. These research findings can be widely applied to disaster prevention, mitigation, and geological disaster risk control in Song county.
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Key words:
- ArcGIS /
- Song County, Henan Province /
- geologic hazard /
- risk assessment
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表 1 易发性评价因子分级及信息量值
Table 1. Classification and information value of susceptibility assessment factors
评价因子 指标分级 Ni/N Si/S 信息量值 高程/m [0, 500] 0.3800 0.2146 0.5715 [500, 1000) 0.5800 0.5620 0.0316 [1000, 1500) 0.0400 0.1952 −1.5854 ≥1500 0.0000 0.0282 0.0000 地貌 河谷 0.0558 0.0609 −0.0883 中山 0.2988 0.3985 −0.2879 低山 0.3183 0.3176 0.0037 丘陵 0.3267 0.2230 0.3817 工程岩组 坚硬花岗岩岩组 0.1520 0.3001 −0.6803 坚硬片麻岩岩组 0.0280 0.0563 −0.6992 软弱黏性土岩组 0.1000 0.0881 0.1268 较软弱砾岩岩组 0.0360 0.0164 0.7832 较坚硬砂岩页岩互层岩组 0.0160 0.0113 0.3452 较软弱砂质砾岩岩组 0.1880 0.1178 0.4674 坚硬安山岩类岩组 0.3080 0.3421 −0.1049 较软弱石英云母片岩岩组 0.1520 0.0455 1.2065 较坚硬硅质板岩岩组 0.0120 0.0145 −0.1910 较软弱页岩岩组 0.0040 0.0021 0.6393 较坚硬灰岩岩组 0.0040 0.0057 −0.3503 植被覆盖度 [0, 0.5) 0.1004 0.0553 0.5967 [0.5, 0.65) 0.5100 0.2945 0.5493 [0.65, 0.75) 0.3133 0.3799 −0.1928 [0.75, 1] 0.0763 0.2704 −1.2651 距构造距离/m [0, 500) 0.5000 0.3065 0.4892 [500, 1000) 0.1960 0.1905 0.0286 [1000, 1500) 0.1320 0.1241 0.0616 [1500, 2000) 0.0480 0.0903 −0.6318 ≥2000 0.1240 0.2886 −0.8446 距水系距离/m [0, 500) 0.7800 0.5490 0.3512 [500, 1000) 0.1200 0.2563 −0.7588 [1000, 1500) 0.0600 0.1101 −0.6069 [1500, 2000) 0.0240 0.0415 −0.5476 ≥2000 0.0160 0.0431 −0.9919 坡度/(°) [0, 10) 0.0680 0.1321 −0.6637 [10, 25) 0.3200 0.2117 0.4133 [25, 40) 0.2960 0.2936 0.0082 ≥40 0.3160 0.3627 −0.1378 坡向/(°) FLAT(−1) 0.0000 0.0106 0.0000 N[337.5, 22.5) 0.0680 0.1427 −0.7415 NE[22.5, 67.5) 0.1480 0.1352 0.0903 E[67.5, 112.5) 0.1360 0.1130 0.1856 SE[112.5, 157.5) 0.1720 0.1164 0.3901 S[157.5, 202.5) 0.2160 0.1630 0.2814 SW[202.5, 247.5) 0.1240 0.1236 0.0032 W[247.5, 292.5) 0.0840 0.0922 −0.0928 NW[292.5, 337.5) 0.0520 0.1033 −0.6862 
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表 2 嵩县1992—2021年降雨量统计表
Table 2. Statistical table of Rainfall level in Song county from 1992—2021
年份 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 年降雨量/mm 576.90 675.20 529.60 470.70 959.10 418.10 773.10 589.90 760.30 433.10 月平均降雨量/mm 48.08 56.27 44.13 39.23 79.93 34.84 64.43 49.16 231.50 36.09 年份 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 年降雨量/mm 657.60 1067.40 690.90 718.40 636.70 565.10 558.80 764.30 924.00 931.50 月平均降雨量/mm 54.80 88.95 57.58 59.87 53.06 47.09 46.57 63.69 77.00 77.63 年份 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 年降雨量/mm 649.50 518.60 674.10 594.80 562.70 745.30 690.10 690.10 642.50 944.40 月平均降雨量/mm 54.13 43.22 56.18 49.57 46.89 62.11 57.51 53.26 53.54 145.29
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表 3 承灾体易损性赋值表
Table 3. Vulnerability evaluation table for disaster-bearing bodies
承灾体类型 分级 赋值 受地质灾害直接威胁人口数量 10～100 人 0.40 <10 人 0.20 交通设施 高速公路 0.80 国家级公路 0.70 省级公路 0.40 其他道路 0.25
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