Analysis on factors controlling shallow failures of the cut slopes and its prevention by bio-engineering measures: A case study of the cut slopes along the highway from Shuangcheng to Dajiali
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摘要:
有效掌握边坡浅层塌滑机制及其影响因素的主次关系是开展路堑边坡变形预测及塌滑治理的重要前提。为此，以阵雨条件下甘肃省双达高速某路堑边坡为研究对象，首先通过FLAC3D有限元软件平台编写FISH语言，实现饱和度、重度和土体抗剪强度之间的动态关联，然后求解不同降雨强度、坡比和降雨历时条件下路堑边坡的安全系数，并基于灰色关联理论确定路堑边坡浅层塌滑主要外界因素的主次关系，最后通过室内降雨试验和现场生态防护试验总结出路堑边坡浅层塌滑机制，提出浅层塌滑生态防治措施。研究表明：降雨过程中，路堑边坡破坏模式由深层整体滑动向浅层局部滑动演化，且随坡比的降低，浅层塌滑区域由路堑边坡的坡肩部位向坡脚部位演化；相比降雨强度和降雨历时，坡比对路堑边坡浅层塌滑影响性最大；降雨过程中，路堑边坡浅层土体累计冲蚀率随时间呈现出先降低后增加的趋势，设置拱骨架和降低坡比均能提高路堑边坡浅层土体的抗塌滑能力；相比HP-FGM和EFM防护材料，聚丙烯纤维土防护材料时效性最理想，路堑边坡浅层塌滑生态治理效果最好。
Abstract:Understanding the primary and secondary relations of influencing factors is crucial for predicting deformation and controlling collapse in cutting slopes. Using a cutting slope along the Shuangcheng to Dalijia expressway in Gansu Province as the research object, this research utilized the FLAC3D finite element software platform to establish dynamic correlations between saturation, gravity, and soil shear strength through FISH language. Based on this, safety factors of the cutting slope were calculated under different rainfall intensities, slope ratios, and rainfall duration. Grey relational theory was applied to determine the primary and secondary relationships of key factors affecting shallow collapse of cutting slopes under rainfall conditions. Indoor rainfall experiments and on-site ecological protection tests were conducted to summarize the shallow collapse mechanism and propose the environmental control measures. The study revealed that the failure mode of cutting slopes transitioned from deep overall sliding to shallow local sliding during rainfall. As the slope ratio decreased, the shallow collapse area gradually shifted from the slope shoulder to the foot of the cutting slope. Cumulative erosion rates of shallow soil in cutting slopes decreased initially and then increased over time during rainfall. Installing arch skeletons and reducing the slope ratio enhanced the cutting slope's resistance against shallow collapses. Among with the protective materials, polypropylene fiber-reinforced soil protective materials exhibited the best timeliness and ecological control effect for shallow collapses of cutting slopes compared to HP-FGM and EFM materials.
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Key words:
- cutting slope /
- safety factor /
- grey correlation theory /
- numerical simulation /
- shallow collapse
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表 1 土体材料参数
Table 1. Basic physical parameters of undisturbed soil
弹性模量
/MPa泊松比 密度
/（g·cm−3）渗透系数
/（cm·s−1）有效黏聚力
/kPa有效内摩擦
角/（°）12.00 0.3 1.88 4.5×10-5 26.7 28.5 
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表 2 VG模型参数
Table 2. Summary table of VG model parameters
参数 θs θr α n R2 取值 0.4592 0.0837 0.0720 1.2661 0.9655
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表 3 边坡降雨前后安全系数
Table 3. Safety factor of slope before and after rainfall
坡比 降雨
强度/
（mm·h−1）降雨
历时/h初始安全
系数降雨结束时
安全系数1∶0.5 5 24 2.68 2.490 1∶0.75 5 24 2.92 2.750 1∶1 5 24 3.28 3.120 1∶1.25 5 24 3.30 3.180 1∶1 2.5 24 3.28 3.230 1∶1 5 24 3.28 3.120 1∶1 7.5 24 3.28 1.250 1∶1 10 24 3.28 1.110 1∶1 5 12 3.28 3.210 1∶1 5 24 3.28 3.120 1∶1 5 32 3.28 1.575 1∶1 5 48 3.28 0.580
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表 4 不同防护材料及防护效果对比
Table 4. Comparison of different protective materials and their effectiveness
防护材料名称 主要成分 质量配合比 草种添加量
/（g∙m−2）坡面防护层
厚度/mm路堑边坡浅层塌滑防治效果 HP-FGM
（灵活增长介质）卷曲纤维、木质纤维、
湿润剂和微孔颗粒16∶1∶2∶1 20 ≥30 坡面透气性和透水性最优，初期植被覆盖率最高，
短期内生态防治效果较优，长期应用表现一般素土 素土 — 20 ≥30 短期植被覆盖率一般，坡面透气性和透水性一般，
生态防治效果一般，长期应用表现一般EFM
（工程纤维基质）卷曲与木质纤维
和湿润剂8.1∶1 20 ≥30 坡面透气性和透水性良好，初期植被覆盖率较高，
短期内生态防治效果良好，长期应用表现一般聚丙烯纤维土 聚丙烯纤维
和素土0.003∶1 20 ≥30 坡面透气性和透水性最差，短期植被覆盖率最低，
短期生态防治效果较差，长期应用表现优良
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