Disaster mechanism and its deposition area of the Xiaochang gully debris flow in Hanyuan County industrial park
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摘要:
受2013年“4•20”芦山地震影响，汉源县白岩河沿岸地质灾害频发。目前硝厂沟流域内存有大量松散物源，具备暴发较大规模泥石流风险，严重威胁沟口汉源工业园区厂矿企业，因此，查明其成灾机理及危害性对今后泥石流预测预警和防治工程设计具有重要意义。文章结合现场勘察、无人机航拍、遥感解译及RAMMS软件，分析了硝厂沟泥石流发育特征，模拟了泥石流运动堆积过程，并在此基础上揭示了其成灾机理。调查研究发现硝厂沟现阶段物源动储量达37×104 m3，其中游发育一段宽缓沟道（长900 m、平均宽度60 m），为天然停淤场，对于小规模泥石流具有拦截作用。数值模拟分析表明在降雨频率小于20年一遇时，泥石流冲出物主要在形成区中游宽缓沟道处停淤堆积，不会对沟口工业园区产生直接危害；在降雨频率达到50年一遇时，硝厂沟将暴发大规模泥石流并冲击淤埋沟口工业园区。
Abstract:Influenced by the 2013“4•20” Lushan earthquake, geological disasters occurred frequently along the Baiyan River Basin in Hanyuan County. At present, there is a large amount of loose material sources in the Xiaochang gully, posing a significant risk of large-scale debris flows, which severely threaten the factories and mining enterprises in the Hanyuan Industrial Park plant. Therefore, understanding the mechanism of disaster occurrence and its hazard is of great significance for future debris flow prediction, early warning, and prevention engineering design. Combining field investigation, UAV aerial photography, remote sensing interpretation, and RAMMS, this study analyzes the development characteristics of debris flows in Xiaochang gully, simulates the process of debris flow movement and accumulation, and reveals the disaster mechanism of disaster occurrence. The results show that the current dynamic storage of the source in Xiaochang gully reaches 370,000 m3. A wide and gentle channel ( 900 m long, and average width of 60 m ) has naturally formed in the middle reaches of the basin, acting as a natural sedimentation pond, which intercepts small-scale debris flows. Numerical simulation results show that when the rainfall frequency is less than once every 20 years, the main deposition of debris flows occurs in the middle and upper reaches of the gully, and will not directly threaten the industrial park; when the rainfall frequency reaches once every 50 years, the outbreak of large-scale debris flow will impact the industrial park.
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Key words:
- debris flow /
- disaster mechanism /
- numerical simulation /
- RAMMS
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表 1 泥石流动力学特征参数
Table 1. Dynamic characteristic parameters of debris flow
特征参数 计算断面 设计频率P/% 20 10 5 2 1 流速
/（m·s−1）主支沟
交汇处4.34 4.94 5.53 6.11 6.53 主沟沟口 2.95 3.46 3.73 4.06 4.11 流量
/（m3·s−1）主支沟
交汇处50.83 70.92 91.17 118.25 138.98 主沟沟口 108.05 158.96 210.87 280.87 334.77 冲出总量
（104 m3 ）主支沟
交汇处1.21 2.25 3.61 6.56 8.81 主沟沟口 2.57 4.53 6.68 9.79 18.56 
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