Landslide susceptibility evaluation in Fengjie County based on slope units extracted using the MIA-HSU method
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摘要:
栅格单元难以表征斜坡的形态与边界，以其为制图单元的滑坡易发性评价结果无法精细化描述自然斜坡的滑坡易发程度。而形态图像分析-均匀坡度单元（morphological image analysis-homogeneous slope unit，MIA-HSU）方法提取的斜坡单元可以表征斜坡的形态与边界，并能克服传统方法提取的斜坡单元存在坡度突变的缺陷。文章使用MIA-HSU为滑坡易发性评价提供制图单元。以重庆市奉节县为研究区，选取高程、坡度、坡向、归一化植被指数、归一化建筑指数、起伏度、距河流距离、距道路距离、岩性、剖面曲率、土地利用、地形湿度指数、水流功率指数、泥沙输移指数、地形位置指数等15个指标，采用信息量法评价奉节县的滑坡易发性程度。评价结果表明，滑坡易发性越高的区域灾害点密度越大，1950—2015年参加训练的滑坡点落在极高易发区和高易发区中的比例为 94.13％，成功率曲线法对滑坡易发性评价结果的测试精度为0.764，表明评价结果与实际滑坡分布情况基本吻合；2018年以后发生的未参与模型训练的滑坡点中超过90%落在高易发区和极高易发区，说明易发性评价结果具有较高的泛化性。研究结果可为研究区滑坡隐患点识别和灾害防治提供科学参考。
Abstract:Grid units have limitations in accurately delineating the morphology and boundaries of slopes, and when used as mapping units in landslide susceptibility evaluation, they cannot accurately describe the landslide susceptibility of natural slopes. Investigations have shown that the morphological image analysis-homogeneous slope unit(MIA-HSU) method provides slope units that are more homogenous in slope angle and aspect, addressing the deficiencies of traditional methods. In this study, MIA-HSU was applied to provide mapping units for landslide susceptibility evaluation. Taking Fengjie County, Chongqing as the study area, 15 factors including elevation, slope angle, slope aspect, normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), normalized difference built-up index(NDBI), topographic relief, distance from rivers, distance from roads, lithology, profile curvature, land use, topographic wetness index (TWI), stream power index (SPI), sediment transport index (STI), and topographic position index(TPI) were selected to evaluate landslide susceptibility using the information value method. The evaluation results indicated that areas with higher landslide susceptibility exhibited a greater density of disaster points. During the 1950 to 2015 period, 94.13% of the landslide points used for training fell within the extremely high and high susceptibility zones. The accuracy of landslide susceptibility evaluation was further verified using the success rate curve method. The accuracy of the verification set was 0.764, indicating that the evaluation results were generally consistent with the actual landslide distribution. Over 90% of the landslide points occurring after 2018 (which were not used in training) were located in the high and extremely high susceptibility zones, demonstrating the model’s high generalization ability. The findings provide a scientific basis for identifying potential landslide hazards and for landslide prevention and mitigation in the study area.
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Key words:
- landslide /
- slope unit /
- information value method /
- susceptibility evaluation /
- MIA-HSU method
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表 1 数据源
Table 1. Date sources
数据名称 数据
类型数据
分辨率数据来源 GDEM V3 栅格 30 m 地理空间数据云 土地利用 栅格 30 m 全国地理信息资源目录服务系统 1960—2021年
平均降雨量栅格 1 km 资源环境科学与数据中心 1∶25万道路图 矢量 全国地理信息资源目录服务系统 NDVI/NDBI 栅格 30 m 地理空间数据云, Landsat-8 1∶25万岩性 矢量 地理空间数据云 
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表 2 各因子图层分类情况及其对应的信息量值
Table 2. Classification and corresponding information values of each factor layer
评价因子 各因子图层各类别对应值 信息增益 高程 分类范围 61～382 382～613 613～816 816～ 1006 1006 ～1204 1204 ～1423 1423 ～1694 1694 ～2123 0.0318 信息量 0.5766 0.5850 0.4827 0.1558 − 0.3198 − 1.5944 − 2.2642 − 3.9106 坡度 分类范围 0～9 9～15 15～20 20～25 25～31 31～38 38～46 46～76 0.0033 信息量 − 0.0344 0.2191 0.2352 0.0776 − 0.1427 − 0.3473 − 0.4424 − 0.6035 坡向 分类范围 平面 北 东北 东 东南 南 西南 西 西北 0.0014 信息量 − 0.1360 − 0.0340 − 0.0273 − 0.0882 − 0.0429 0.1840 0.2527 − 0.0528 − 0.2337 NDVI 分类范围 <−0.12 −0.12～0.12 0.12～0.26 0.26～0.37 0.37～0.47 0.47～0.55 0.55～0.63 >0.63 0.0004 信息量 0.0866 − 0.4897 − 0.0491 − 0.0943 0.0181 0.0870 0.0361 − 0.0686 NDBI 分类范围 <−0.48 −0.48～−0.4 −0.4～−0.32 −0.32～−0.25 −0.25～−0.18 −0.18～−0.11 −0.11～0 >0 0.0023 信息量 − 0.2254 − 0.3748 − 0.1986 − 0.0108 0.1399 0.2043 0.0449 − 0.5934 地形
起伏度分类范围 119～303 303～403 403～492 492～577 577～665 665～773 773～932 932～ 1365 0.0084 信息量 − 1.1694 − 0.1943 0.1916 0.2921 0.1689 − 0.1057 − 0.9061 − 1.5700 距河流
距离分类范围 0～300 300～600 600～900 900～ 1200 1200 ～1500 > 1500 0.0038 信息量 0.2621 0.2779 0.1386 0.0197 − 0.0923 − 0.3525 距道路
距离分类范围 0～300 300～600 600～900 900～ 1200 1200 ～1500 > 1500 0.0041 信息量 0.2206 − 0.0500 − 0.1985 − 0.5006 − 0.6647 − 0.8397 岩性 分类范围 黏土、砂砾石
多层土体较软弱岩组 较坚硬岩组 较软弱碳酸
盐岩组坚硬碳酸
盐岩组0.1667 信息量 − 0.8507 0.6779 0.5356 − 2.3212 − 0.5198 年平均
降雨量分类范围 1069 ～1151 1151 ～1207 1207 ～1256 1256 ～1302 1302 ～1362 1362 ～1433 1433 ～1508 1508 ～1597 0.03261 信息量 0.5001 0.6229 0.4243 0.0279 − 0.6333 − 2.2480 − 2.8662 − 2.6848 平面曲率 分类范围 −15.08～−2 −2～−1.01 −1.01～−0.44 −0.44～0.13 0.13～0.7 0.7～1.41 1.41～3.54 3.54～21.31 0.0021 信息量 − 0.7206 − 0.3646 − 0.0618 0.1533 0.0563 − 0.2797 − 0.6510 − 1.2357 剖面曲率 分类范围 −19.99～−3.81 −3.81～−1.7 −1.7～−0.79 −0.79～−0.18 −0.18～0.42 0.42～1.33 1.33～3.44 3.44～18.71 0.0023 信息量 − 0.8830 − 0.5894 − 0.2641 0.0725 0.1688 − 0.0846 − 0.4615 − 0.7636 土地利用 分类范围 耕地 森林 草丛 水体 人造表面 0.0166 信息量 0.5734 − 0.4913 0.0324 − 0.0888 1.5409 TRI 分类范围 1～1.05 1.05～1.11 1.11～1.18 1.18～1.28 1.28～1.42 1.42～1.64 1.64～2.09 2.09～4.14 0.0029 信息量 0.1731 0.1071 − 0.1787 − 0.3670 − 0.4465 − 0.5403 − 0.8319 − 0.3162 TWI 分类范围 1.83～4.36 4.36～5.58 5.58～6.99 6.99～8.77 8.77～11.11 11.11～13.64 13.64～17.1 17.11～25.8 0.0012 信息量 − 0.1798 0.0429 0.1188 0.1837 0.1147 − 0.2764 − 0.3209 0.0633 SPI 分类范围 −3.84～0.39 0.39～2.16 2.16～3.31 3.31～4.54 4.54～5.96 5.96～7.81 7.81～10.73 10.73～18.76 0.0006 信息量 − 0.5358 0.0877 − 0.0630 0.0048 0.0155 0.0983 0.1487 0.2851 STI 分类范围 0～6 6～26 26～58 58～102 102～163 163～246 246～371 371～818 0.0001 信息量 − 0.0149 0.0602 0.1703 0.2320 0.3209 0.4030 0.6023 0.9031 TPI 分类范围 −256～−70 −70～−44 −44～−26 −26～−10 −10～7 7～23 23～45 45～211 0.0023 信息量 − 0.4933 − 0.1900 − 0.0932 0.0435 0.2009 0.0390 − 0.2395 − 0.6485
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表 3 研究区滑坡易发性区划统计表
Table 3. Landslide susceptibility zoning statistics for the study area
易发性区 面积
/km2面积占比
/%灾害点
个数/处灾害占比
/%灾害点密度
/(处·km−2)极低易发区 299.05 7.29 4 0.38 0.01 低易发区 391.29 9.54 10 0.95 0.03 中易发区 864.88 21.10 48. 4.55 0.06 高易发区 1376.22 33.57 317 30.05 0.23 极高易发区 1168.38 28.50 676 64.08 0.58
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表 4 研究区灾害点统计表
Table 4. Statistical table of disaster sites in the study area
易发性区 灾害点个数/处 灾害占比/% 极低易发区 0 0 低易发区 2 1.82 中易发区 4 3.64 高易发区 32 29.09 极高易发区 72 65.45
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