Softening aging characteristics of clayey soil reinforced with cement and polypropylene fibers under water immersion
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摘要:
文章通过直接剪切试验，研究了水泥和聚丙烯纤维加固粉质黏土的力学特性。同时，采用浸水软化试验模拟了长期降雨对粉质黏土和加固土强度的影响，揭示试样软化后的力学性质和微观结构变化规律。研究表明，加固土的黏聚力与内摩擦角均随着水泥掺量和纤维掺量的增加而增强，但增幅在一定掺量后下降，根据增幅特征，最佳加固材料掺量为6%水泥和0.4%聚丙烯纤维。对采用该配比的试样进行浸水软化试验，发现在浸水初期阶段，由于水化水解反应，土颗粒之间的胶结性增强，土与纤维的紧密结合也进一步使土的黏聚力增加，土中土-水离子能量交换作用使黏粒结合水膜厚度减小，内摩擦角也略有增大；随着浸水时间的增加，土体中的自由水越来越多，导致土粒发生相对移动并进一步分散成块状，但由于水化产物的胶结性和纤维的包裹性较强，土体内部结构还能保持良好的完整性，因此，黏聚力和内摩擦角呈缓慢下降。研究结果可为这类黏性土加固的应用提供重要的力学参数和理论依据。
Abstract:In this paper, the mechanical properties of silty clay reinforced with cement and polypropylene fibers were studied through direct shear tests. Additionally, water immersion softening tests were conducted to simulate the effects of long-term rainfall on the strength of both plain and reinforced soils, revealing the mechanical behaviour and microstructural changes of the samples after softening. The results indicate that the cohesion and internal friction angle of the reinforced soil increase with higher cement and fiber content, but the rate of increase diminishes behind a certain threshold. Based on these findings, the optimal reinforcement composition is determined to be 6% cement and 0.4% polypropylene fibers. Water immersion softening tests conducted on samples with this composition reveal the following characteristics: In the initial stage of water immersion, due to the hydration and hydrolysis reaction, the cementation between soil particles is enhanced, and the close bonding between soil and fibers further increases the cohesion of the soil. Energy exchange between soil and water ions in the soil reduces the thickness of the water film bound to clay particles, slightly increasing the internal friction angle; as the immersion time increases, the accumulation of free water leads to relative movement and dispersion of soil particles into blocks. However, the strong cementation provided by hydration products and the encapsulating effect of fibers maintain the soil's structural integrity, resulting in a gradual decrease in cohesion and internal friction angle. These findings provide critical mechanical parameters and theoretical insights for the application of cement and polypropylene fiber reinforcement in cohesive soils.
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表 1 粉质黏土的物理性质
Table 1. Physical properties of silty clay
最优含水率/% 最大干密度/（g·cm−3） 液限指数/% 塑限指数/% 不同粒径（mm）颗粒分布 13 1.836 19.33 10.3 <0.005 0.005～0.075 0.075～0. 1 0.1～0.25 >0.25 12.2% 51.8% 6% 7% 23% 
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表 2 不同浸水天数时土样的浸出液化学成分测试结果
Table 2. Test results of chemical composition of leaching solution of soil samples under different immersion periods
浸水天数/d ρ(Ca2+)/（mg·L−1） ρ(Na+)/（mg·L−1） 粉质黏土 0 223 50 5 346 500 20 363 510 水泥聚丙烯
纤维加固土0 175 30 5 149 196 20 216 261
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