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摘要:
花岗岩残积土在东南丘陵山区广泛分布，在降雨等因素作用下残积土边坡易失稳产生滑坡。花岗岩残积土按照不同粒径的颗粒含量可划分为花岗岩残积黏性土、花岗岩残积砂质黏性土和花岗岩残积砾质黏性土，因其具有较强的结构性，其微观结构的变化往往表征在宏观坡体稳定性方面。通过X射线衍射分析、SEM扫描电镜分析等手段，从微观结构层面揭示了花岗岩残积土的物质与结构性特征。结果表明，花岗岩残积黏性土的胶结能力及力学强度高于花岗岩残积砂质黏性土，土体的微观结构性质发展一定程度上决定了宏观力学性质的变化。研究结果对进一步揭示花岗岩残积土微观结构特征、变形机制及其对力学性质的影响具有理论及实际意义。
Abstract:Granite residual soils pervade the hilly and mountainous regions of southeast China, where they are susceptible to destabilization and landslides, particularly under rainfall influences. These soils are classified into three categories based on particle size distribution: cohesive, sandy cohesive, and gravel cohesive. Their structural robustness significantly influences macroscopic slope stability through microstructural alterations. Advanced analytical techniques, such as X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), have elucidated the microstructural characteristics of these soils. The empirical data reveal that the cementation capacity and mechanical strength of cohesive granite residual soils are superior to those of the sandy cohesive soil. These microstructural properties play a pivotal role in determining the changes in macroscopic mechanical behavior of the soil. This research is of both theoretical and practical importance as it enhances understanding of the microstructural features of granite residual soils, their deformation mechanisms, and their impact on mechanical properties, offering valuable insights for geotechnical applications in forecasting and mitigating slope instability.
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Key words:
- granite residual soil /
- microstructure /
- scanning electron microscope /
- X-ray diffraction
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表 1 WZ1、WZ2基本物理力学性质参数
Table 1. Basic physical and mechanical properties of WZ1 and WZ2
试样 密度/（g·m−3） 干密度/（g·m−3） 比重 含水量/% 黏聚力/kPa 内摩擦角/（°） WZ1 1.77 1.48 2.68 19.53 39.37 26.29 WZ2 1.37 1.19 2.46 12.92 15.62 33.33 
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表 2 WZ1矿物X衍射物相定量分析结果
Table 2. Quantitative phase analysis results for WZ1 mineral X-ray diffraction
矿物名称 化学式 质量占比/% Quartz（石英） SiO2 37.0 Orthoclase（正长石） KSi3AlO8 10.9 Albite calcian low（钠长石） （Na0.84Ca0.16）Al1.16Si2.84O8 11.1 Palygorskite（坡缕石） （Mg2.074Al1.026）（Si4O10.48）2（OH）2（H2O）10.68 6.7 Kaolinite （高岭石） Al2Si2O5（OH）4 34.3
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表 3 WZ2矿物X衍射物相定量分析结果
Table 3. Quantitative phase analysis results for WZ2 mineral X-ray diffraction
矿物名称 化学式 质量占比/% Quartz（石英） SiO2 33.4 Orthoclase（正长石） KSi3AlO8 44.9 Albite calcian low（钠长石） （Na0.84Ca0.16）Al1.16Si2.84O8 7.9 Palygorskite（坡缕石） （Mg2.074Al1.026）（Si4O10.48）2（OH）2（H2O）10.68 4.8 Kaolinite（高岭石） Al2Si2O5（OH）4 9.0
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