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摘要:
西沙海槽盆地处于南海北部陆坡洋陆壳过渡带，为一个分割南海北部陆架和西沙地块的新生代裂谷盆地，其沉积环境演化研究有助于进一步认识南海形成演化过程。通过南海陆坡区域地震地层对比，将西沙海槽盆地新生代以来划分出9个地层单元，采用地震线描和地震相分析方法，恢复各地层单元沉积时期的地层结构及古地貌，探讨其沉积环境演化过程。结果表明，古新世—始新世西沙海槽盆地为河流和湖泊沉积环境；渐新世—早中新世初，演变为分割南海北部陆架和西沙地块古陆、贯通琼东南盆地和西北次盆的海峡，沉积环境由滨-浅海过渡到半深海环境；中中新世以来盆地进入陆坡海槽发育阶段，晚中新世以后中央水道形成，演变为一个陆坡内深水海槽，为海流和浊流通道，整体处于半深海-深海沉积环境。
Abstract:The Xisha Trough Basin is a Cenozoic rift basin located in a continental-oceanic transitional zone on the northern slope of the South China Sea(SCS), which separates the Xisha Block from the northern South China Sea continental shelf. In this paper, upon the basis of regional seismic stratigraphic correlation, we divided the Cenozoic of the Trough Basin into nine stratigraphic units. Seismic correlation and seismic facies analysis were carried out to restore the stratigraphic framework and paleo-geomorphology during deposition, and finally we discussed the sedimentary environment evolution process of the Trough Basin. The results show that, during the time from Paleocene to Eocene, the Xisha Trough area was dominated by rivers and lakes. From Oligocene to early Miocene, it became a strait, which separated the land from the northern SCS continental shelf, and connected the Qiongdongnan Basin on one end and the Northwest subbasin on the other. The sedimentary environment gradually changed from shallow water to deep water. Since middle Miocene, the Xisha Trough Basin has become a trough on continental slope. The Central Canyon was formed in the Miocene and became a pathway for turbidity currents under a bathyal-abyssal environment.
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