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摘要:
依据莱州湾海岸带海陆统筹综合地质调查的成果资料，采用层次分析法和模糊综合评价法，通过构造判断矩阵，计算评价因子权重，将经度118°30′~120°00′E和纬度36°30′~37°30′N范围内的研究区划分为数百个评价单元。基于此，利用模糊综合评价公式，采用计算机编程进行运算，运用MAPGIS软件的空间分析功能，按照研究区工程地质环境稳定性评价标准对每个评价单元进行统计打分，分别对地壳稳定性、地面稳定性和地基稳定性进行评价分区。然后综合考虑各种评价因子后，最终对整个研究区的工程地质环境质量进行评价分区。
Abstract:Based on comprehensive geological survey in Laizhou Bay, we calculate the weights of evaluation factors with the method of analytic hierarchy process and fuzzy comprehensive evaluation. The results indicate that hundreds of evaluation units were divided within the research area. With the use of fuzzy comprehensive evaluation formula integrated with computer program and the spatial analysis function of MAPGIS, we evaluate the crust stability, surface stability and foundation stability following the evaluation standard of geological environmental stability in the study area. We evaluate the engineering geological environment quality and establish the subareas with integration of all evaluation factors in the whole study area.
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表 1 标度及其含义
Table 1. Scale and its meaning
标度 含义 1 A1与A2同等重要 3 A1比A2稍微重要 5 A1比A2明显重要 7 A1比A2更为重要 9 A1比A2极端重要 2，4，6，8 上述两相邻判断之中值，表示重要性判断之间的过渡性 注：A1表示高一级层次的某因素；A2表示低一级层次的相关因素。 
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表 2 平均随机一致性指标值
Table 2. Average value of random identity parameters
阶数(n) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 RI 0.00 0.00 0.58 0.90 1.12 1.24 1.32 1.41 1.45
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表 3 各评价要素的比较标度
Table 3. Comparison scale of evaluation factors
评价要素 地震动峰值
加速度值新构造活动性
及地壳形变速率历史地震 岩土体力学性质 地震动峰值加速度值 1 3 5 7 新构造活动性及地壳形变速率 1/3 1 3 5 历史地震 1/5 1/3 1 3 岩土体力学性质 1/7 1/5 1/3 1
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表 4 地壳稳定性评价因子权重
Table 4. Evaluation factor weight for crust stability
评价因子 地震动
峰值加速
度值(g)新构造活动
性及地壳
形变速率历史地震 岩土体力
学性质权重 0.5 0.35 0.1 0.05
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表 5 地壳稳定性评价标准
Table 5. Evaluation criteria for crust stability
评价因子 级别 稳定
(10~7.5)基本稳定
(7.5~5)较不稳定
(5~2.5)不稳定
(2.5~1)U1 地震动峰值
加速度值(g)≤0.05 0.05~0.15 0.15~0.30 ≥0.30 U2 新构造活动性及地
壳形变速率一般晚更新世和全新
世构造活动不明显；地
壳形变速率非常小一般全新世构造活动
不明显；地壳形变速率
较小一般晚更新世和全新
世构造活动较明显；地
壳形变速率较大一般晚更新世和全新
世构造活动明显；地壳
形变速率大。U3 历史地震 Ms≤5 5≤Ms＜6 6≤Ms＜7 Ms≥7 U4 岩土体力学性质 完整坚硬岩体，土体坚
硬、密实较完整较坚硬岩体，土
体可-硬塑、中-密实较破碎较软弱岩体，土
体可-软塑、稍密破碎软弱岩体，土体软
塑、松散注：Ms代表面波震级。
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表 6 各评价要素的比较标度
Table 6. Comparison scale of evaluation factors
评价要素 砂土液化 软土地基
变形土壤盐
渍化地面
沉降崩、滑、流 采空
塌陷海(咸)
水入侵风暴潮、
海冰、海平
面上升海岸侵蚀 砂土液化 1 1/3 5 1/3 2 1/3 4 1/3 5 软土地基变形 3 1 7 1 3 1 5 1 7 土壤盐渍化 1/5 1/7 1 1/7 1/3 1/7 1/2 1/7 1 地面沉降 3 1 7 1 3 1 5 1 7 崩、滑、流 1/2 1/3 3 1/3 1 1/3 2 1/3 7 采空塌陷 3 1 7 1 3 1 5 1 7 海(咸)水入侵 1/4 1/5 2 1/5 1/2 1/5 1 1/5 2 风暴潮、海冰、
海平面上升3 1 7 1 3 1 5 1 7 海岸侵蚀 1/5 1/7 1 1/7 1/7 1/7 1/2 1/7 1
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表 7 地面稳定性评价因子权重
Table 7. Evaluation factor weight for surface stability
评价因子 U1 U2 U3 U4 U5 U6 U7 U8 U9 权重 0.12 0.15 0.05 0.15 0.10 0.15 0.08 0.15 0.05
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表 8 地面稳定性评价标准
Table 8. Evaluation criteria for surface stability
评价因子 级别 稳定(10~7.5) 基本稳定(7.5~5) 较不稳定(5~2.5) 不稳定(2.5~1) 环境地质问题 砂土液化(U1) 不具备条件 危害较小 危害中等 危害性大 软土地基变形(U2) 不具备条件 变形程度小 变形程度中等 变形程度大 土壤盐渍化(U3) 无 轻微 中等 严重 地质灾害问题 地面沉降(m)(U4) ＜0.1 0.1~0.4 0.4~0.8 >0.8 崩、滑、流(U5) 不发育 微弱发育 中等发育 强烈发育 采空塌陷(U6) 无 轻微 中等 严重 海(咸)水入侵(U7) 无 轻微 中等 严重 海洋灾害 风暴潮、海冰、海平面上升(U8) 无 轻微 中等 严重 海岸侵蚀(U9) 无 轻微 中等 严重
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表 9 地基稳定性评价指标
Table 9. Evaluation criteria for foundation stability
级别指标 稳定
(10~7.5)基本稳定
(7.5~5)较不稳定
(5~2.5)不稳定
(2.5~1)承载力特
征值(kPa)＞400 150~400 80~150 ＜80 干容重
(t/m3)砂土 / ＞1.5 1.4~1.6 ＜1.4 黏性土 / ＞1.4 1.2~1.5 ＜1.2
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表 10 工程地质环境稳定性分区标准
Table 10. Zoning criteria for engineering geological environmental stability
稳定性分区 稳定(Ⅰ) 基本稳定
(Ⅱ)较不稳定
(Ⅲ)不稳定
(Ⅳ)稳定性
指标(SE)30~22.5 22.5~15 15~7.5 7.5~3
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