南海典型断面表层沉积物中氧化还原敏感元素的分布特征及其控制因素

程俊; 黄怡; 王淑红; 苗莉; 颜文

doi:10.16562/j.cnki.0256-1492.2018102601

南海典型断面表层沉积物中氧化还原敏感元素的分布特征及其控制因素

1.
中国科学院边缘海与大洋地质重点实验室，中国科学院南海海洋研究所，广州 510301

2.
中国科学院大学，北京 100049

基金项目:
国家自然科学基金项目“南海北部东沙西南海域泥火山的流体特征及其活动历史”(41576035)；国家科技基础性工作专项“南海海洋地质基础数据采集及其环境响应调查”(2008FY110100)；国家科技基础资源调查专项“南海海洋化学科学考察历史资料整编”(2017FY201403)；中国科学院战略性先导科技专项(A)“南海环境变化”(XDA13010102)

详细信息

作者简介: 程俊(1993—)，男，硕士生，主要从事海洋地质与沉积地球化学研究，E-mail：juncheng@scsio.ac.cn

通讯作者: 王淑红(1977—)，女，博士，研究员，主要从事海底冷泉与沉积环境研究，E-mail：wshds@scsio.ac.cn

中图分类号: P736.4

蔡秋蓉编辑

收稿日期: 2018-10-26

修回日期: 2018-11-12

刊出日期: 2019-04-28

Distribution pattern and controlling factors of redox sensitive elements in the surface sediments from four typical transects in the South China Sea

1.
Key Laboratory of Ocean and Marginal Sea Geology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China

2.
University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China

More Information

Corresponding author: WANG Shuhong, wshds@scsio.ac.cn

Received Date: 26 October 2018

Revised Date: 12 November 2018

Publish Date: 28 April 2019

摘要

摘要:
氧化还原敏感元素在环境研究中发挥着日益重要的作用，然而对于海底表层沉积物中氧化还原敏感元素的分布规律与特征的研究鲜有涉及。本文以采集自南海4条典型断面(18°N、10°N、6°N、113°E)的75个表层沉积物样品为研究对象，通过主量元素和微量元素(含氧化还原敏感元素Mo、V、U)分析，并结合沉积物粒度、元素富集系数等数据，探讨了表层沉积物中氧化还原敏感元素的分布特征及其控制因素。结果表明，研究区每个断面中的V、U含量变化趋势十分相似，Mo含量变化与V、U的总体变化趋势相近，但Mo在断面上的变化波动比V、U更强烈。4条断面中Mo平均含量表现出明显富集，除了V在断面Ⅰ中表现为轻度富集外，V和U平均含量都表现为亏损。影响沉积物中Mo、V、U含量分布的因素主要包括陆源碎屑含量、生物碳酸盐含量、细粒沉积物的吸附作用和氧化还原环境等。所有断面中V和U的含量分布主要受控于陆源碎屑组分，同时也受到生物碳酸盐含量和细粒沉积物的吸附作用的影响，氧化还原环境对其含量影响较小，受环境影响的自生组分含量较低。Mo的含量分布主要受控于海底氧化还原环境，陆源碎屑组分的贡献和细粒沉积物吸附作用的影响较小，受环境影响的自生组分含量较高。西南次海盆的Mo含量及其富集系数都较低，可能是由于西南次海盆的底流活动使其海底存在氧化环境所致。
- 氧化还原敏感元素 /
- 控制因素 /
- 表层沉积物 /
- 典型断面 /
- 南海
Abstract:
Redox sensitive elements play an increasingly important role in environmental analysis. However, few studies have been devoted so far to the distribution pattern of the redox sensitive elements in the seafloor surface sediments. In this paper, seventy-five surface sediment samples were collected and analyzed from the four representative transects in the South China Sea along 18°N, 10°N, 6°N, and 113°E respectively. The contents of main elements and trace elements (including Mo, V, and U) are measured in addition to grain sizes of sediments and enrichment factors of redox sensitive elements. The distribution pattern and controlling factors of redox sensitive elements are then discussed in the paper. Results show that the variations in V and U contents in each transect are in fact very similar. The content variation of Mo is similar to the overall trends of V and U, but more intense than V and U changes. Obviously, the average content of Mo is enriched while V and U depleted in the transects except slightly enriched V in the transect Ⅰ. The contents of V and U in all transects are mainly controlled by the contents of terrigenous debris and biological carbonate as well as the adsorption of fine-grained sediments, whereas the influence of redox environment is low. In contrast, the distribution of Mo mainly depends on the seabed redox environment, but not the contribution of terrigenous debris content and the adsorption of fine-grained sediments. The lower content and enrichment factor of Mo in the Southwestern Sub-basin of the South China Sea may probably attribute to oxidized environment caused by the underflow activity.
- redox sensitive elements /
- controlling factors /
- surface sediments /
- typical transects /
- South China Sea

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图 1 南海4个典型断面表层沉积物取样站位图

Figure 1.

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图 2 南海4条典型断面表层沉积物类型三角图解

Figure 2.

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图 3 断面Ⅰ表层沉积物氧化还原敏感元素、主量元素和平均粒径变化

Figure 3.

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图 4 断面Ⅱ表层沉积物氧化还原敏感元素、主量元素和平均粒径变化

Figure 4.

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图 5 断面Ⅲ表层沉积物氧化还原敏感元素、主量元素和平均粒径变化

Figure 5.

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图 6 断面Ⅳ表层沉积物氧化还原敏感元素、主量元素和平均粒径变化

Figure 6.

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图 7 南海典型断面沉积物中氧化还原敏感元素与Al₂O₃和CaO的相关关系

Figure 7.

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图 8 南海典型断面表层沉积物中氧化还原敏感元素含量与平均粒径之间的关系

Figure 8.

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图 9 氧化还原敏感元素的富集系数与含量之间的关系

Figure 9.

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表 1 南海典型断面表层沉积物粒级组成、平均粒径、微量元素(含氧化还原敏感元素)、主量元素分析结果和氧化还原敏感元素富集系数

Table 1. Grain size composition, mean grain size, contents of trace elements (including redox sensitive elements) and main elements, and the enrichment factors of redox sensitive elements of the surface sediments from four typical transects in the South China Sea

样品号	砾	砂	粉砂	黏土	平均粒径/Φ	Mo	V	U	Sr	Al₂O₃	TiO₂	CaO	Fe₂O₃	MnO	Mo_EF	V_EF	U_EF
样品号	/%				平均粒径/Φ	/(μg/g)				/%					Mo_EF	V_EF	U_EF
KJ01	0.00	10.55	60.47	28.99	6.98	12.0	96.0	1.66	589	9.41	0.57	9.19	3.56	0.06	12.15	1.10	0.68
KJ02	0.00	0.38	68.22	31.40	7.39	0.29	63.3	2.27	335	16.7	0.79	0.98	6.68	0.60	0.21	0.53	0.68
KJ03	0.00	0.00	79.02	20.98	6.69	4.42	143	2.30	134	15.9	0.87	1.43	6.38	0.65	2.96	1.09	0.63
KJ04	0.00	0.81	64.17	35.01	7.48	5.16	133	2.46	137	17.1	0.84	0.69	6.99	1.67	3.57	1.04	0.69
KJ05	0.00	1.76	62.39	35.85	7.52	13.4	152	2.50	129	17.6	0.83	0.74	7.14	0.89	9.39	1.20	0.71
KJ06	0.00	5.12	54.33	40.55	7.53	5.73	157	2.58	136	15.5	0.73	2.36	6.50	1.01	4.56	1.42	0.84
KJ07	0.00	1.61	52.98	45.42	7.89	4.35	141	2.23	176	13.3	0.60	10.8	5.23	1.49	4.19	1.54	0.88
KJ08	0.00	3.22	64.38	32.40	7.23	4.26	122	1.96	413	14.9	0.73	4.08	5.81	0.23	3.41	1.11	0.64
KJ09	0.00	8.93	54.81	36.26	7.17	0.74	130	2.40	221	12.3	0.56	13.5	4.73	1.10	0.77	1.52	1.01
KJ10	0.00	13.45	63.79	22.77	6.32	5.38	112	1.87	516	13.7	0.70	8.34	5.23	0.57	4.45	1.05	0.63
KJ11	0.00	4.58	58.92	36.50	7.35	2.67	120	2.69	343	15.4	0.72	3.12	5.93	1.60	2.16	1.10	0.89
KJ12	0.00	4.46	58.84	36.70	7.33	9.01	135	2.31	205	12.3	0.61	10.6	4.74	0.74	8.54	1.45	0.89
KJ13	0.00	8.99	55.30	35.71	7.07	3.17	97.5	2.01	401	10.2	0.44	16.0	3.66	1.86	4.14	1.45	1.07
KJ14	0.00	9.95	60.23	29.83	6.86	9.58	96.3	1.54	611	10.5	0.46	18.1	3.76	1.05	12.07	1.38	0.79
KJ15	0.00	3.18	61.18	35.64	7.33	1.02	89.7	1.88	522	11.8	0.56	14.1	4.29	0.34	1.06	1.06	0.80
KJ16	0.00	5.38	67.82	26.80	6.96	3.59	95.4	1.69	449	10.3	0.49	11.1	3.72	0.31	4.22	1.27	0.81
KJ17	0.00	4.31	59.95	35.74	7.37	0.91	97.3	2.04	528	11.7	0.60	13.6	4.15	0.23	0.89	1.08	0.81
KJ18	0.00	0.57	70.50	28.94	7.09	1.63	85.7	2.26	462	11.7	0.65	12.3	4.31	0.33	1.47	0.87	0.83
KJ19	0.00	4.17	69.39	26.44	6.84	0.48	99.0	2.98	233	14.4	0.83	5.28	5.42	0.09	0.34	0.78	0.85
KJ20	0.00	58.32	26.01	15.67	4.55	0.28	48.3	2.55	314	7.07	0.60	7.04	3.60	0.07	0.27	0.53	1.01
KJ21	0.00	30.00	42.47	27.54	5.54	2.18	81.4	1.33	890	8.78	0.39	30.7	3.16	0.39	3.27	1.39	0.82
KJ22	0.00	27.10	44.39	28.51	5.89	1.28	56.3	1.13	920	6.79	0.30	32.4	2.57	0.23	2.53	1.26	0.91
KJ23	0.00	32.87	41.14	25.99	5.72	1.07	46.2	1.29	1450	5.74	0.24	33.1	2.11	0.20	2.54	1.25	1.25
KJ24	0.00	11.30	51.80	36.90	7.13	5.59	68.9	1.38	802	8.58	0.36	24.8	3.14	0.89	9.02	1.26	0.91
KJ25	0.00	4.26	52.53	43.21	7.64	2.52	78.1	1.57	681	9.98	0.43	22.0	3.78	0.72	3.40	1.20	0.86
KJ26	0.00	7.03	52.57	40.40	7.39	10.8	125	2.47	192	15.0	0.63	3.03	5.53	2.60	10.09	1.32	0.94
KJ27	0.00	11.76	49.51	38.73	7.11	3.81	79.3	1.69	579	10.9	0.42	16.9	3.72	0.57	5.24	1.23	0.95
KJ28	0.00	11.86	54.53	33.61	6.90	7.10	98.4	1.78	601	11.7	0.46	16.9	3.95	0.80	8.93	1.40	0.92
KJ29	0.00	11.20	64.15	24.66	6.49	8.68	104	2.10	345	13.2	0.53	7.84	4.71	1.47	9.55	1.29	0.94
KJ30	0.00	0.37	60.89	38.74	7.65	3.50	127	2.64	139	17.0	0.78	1.84	6.55	0.53	2.61	1.07	0.80
KJ31	0.00	0.61	58.24	41.15	7.75	7.22	137	2.73	120	17.4	0.77	0.75	6.69	0.93	5.45	1.17	0.84
KJ32	0.00	0.20	60.29	39.51	7.70	2.39	143	2.94	144	18.0	0.79	1.80	6.86	0.41	1.75	1.19	0.88
KJ33	0.00	0.11	63.06	36.83	7.56	0.83	130	3.35	183	16.1	0.77	3.19	6.10	0.11	0.63	1.12	1.03
KJ34	0.00	17.76	53.02	29.22	6.41	4.14	46.0	1.16	1063	5.94	0.21	29.7	2.02	1.06	11.58	1.46	1.33
KJ35	0.00	6.36	49.14	44.51	7.62	6.99	82.6	1.81	660	11.0	0.43	20.8	3.96	1.26	9.51	1.27	1.00
KJ36	0.00	46.37	32.15	21.49	4.85	2.56	49.4	1.13	1006	6.45	0.24	35.5	2.35	0.41	6.19	1.35	1.11
KJ37	0.00	18.96	47.48	33.56	6.55	5.52	68.5	1.33	915	8.18	0.29	24.7	2.68	0.71	11.06	1.56	1.09
KJ38	0.00	13.43	44.67	41.90	7.15	6.77	77.2	1.37	571	8.79	0.32	15.3	2.93	0.77	12.43	1.61	1.02
KJ39	0.00	8.44	51.42	40.14	7.24	11.0	82.8	1.70	710	10.7	0.40	21.3	3.70	1.54	16.00	1.37	1.01
KJ40	0.00	20.66	42.81	36.53	6.54	4.99	72.7	1.61	724	9.57	0.37	22.6	3.36	0.80	7.94	1.31	1.04
KJ41	0.00	6.89	48.14	44.98	7.58	8.03	89.3	1.89	587	11.6	0.46	16.8	4.14	1.08	10.19	1.29	0.98
KJ42	0.00	7.54	48.71	43.75	7.56	24.1	105	2.19	497	12.0	0.46	11.7	3.94	3.00	30.26	1.49	1.12
KJ43	0.00	4.12	47.22	48.66	7.90	7.17	102	2.55	434	13.7	0.56	10.6	4.83	1.96	7.46	1.20	1.08
KJ44	0.00	7.71	51.14	41.15	7.40	0.82	117	2.27	342	14.6	0.53	7.18	4.93	0.21	0.89	1.45	1.01
KJ45	0.00	7.51	57.61	34.88	7.24	1.71	129	2.62	331	15.5	0.59	6.79	5.13	0.36	1.69	1.44	1.06
KJ46	0.00	1.95	50.48	47.57	7.92	18.5	131	3.08	425	13.6	0.59	8.63	4.71	3.77	18.29	1.47	1.24
KJ47	0.00	21.68	46.16	32.17	6.39	0.81	68.4	2.17	1002	9.58	0.46	20.9	3.65	0.12	1.03	0.99	1.13
KJ48	0.00	2.57	56.04	41.39	7.61	3.47	111	2.74	384	15.1	0.68	8.88	5.48	1.25	2.98	1.08	0.96
KJ49	0.00	1.63	54.37	44.01	7.82	10.5	114	2.76	385	14.9	0.66	8.89	5.31	1.57	9.19	1.14	0.99
KJ50	0.00	3.68	62.91	33.41	7.20	9.81	151	2.69	425	14.8	0.62	9.54	4.91	2.49	9.14	1.60	1.02
KJ51	0.00	10.17	50.50	39.34	7.27	4.15	92.6	2.30	437	13.0	0.56	12.2	4.86	0.82	4.30	1.09	0.97
KJ52	0.00	98.11	0.69	1.20	1.69	2.46	47.1	2.08	429	3.67	0.32	11.2	3.85	0.33	4.41	0.96	1.52
KJ53	0.00	93.03	3.63	3.34	2.35	0.41	52.4	1.97	375	5.64	0.36	9.74	3.85	0.08	0.66	0.96	1.29
KJ54	0.00	100.00	0.00	0.00	2.19	0.62	48.6	1.85	610	4.29	0.29	16.8	4.70	0.47	1.26	1.11	1.52
KJ55	0.00	98.04	0.60	1.36	1.97	0.27	47.1	1.68	509	5.52	0.31	10.3	3.21	0.06	0.51	1.01	1.29
KJ56	0.00	93.51	3.38	3.11	2.36	0.31	43.4	1.49	123	4.57	0.24	2.47	3.15	0.05	0.73	1.17	1.45
KJ57	0.00	51.14	43.40	5.46	4.30	1.47	171	1.02	200	16.0	0.74	2.96	7.82	0.31	1.16	1.53	0.33
KJ58	36.65	55.15	7.15	1.06	0.20	0.29	29.7	1.25	963	2.85	0.16	22.0	2.53	0.17	1.04	1.22	1.84
KJ59	0.00	0.64	62.17	37.20	7.53	0.41	111	3.52	285	15.6	0.75	6.31	5.95	0.08	0.32	0.98	1.11
KJ60	0.00	2.49	61.28	36.23	7.43	0.54	122	4.16	342	15.7	0.73	7.72	5.34	0.06	0.43	1.10	1.35
KJ61	0.00	2.77	56.08	41.15	7.62	4.15	100	2.16	399	12.6	0.52	8.96	4.24	1.25	4.60	1.26	0.98
KJ62	0.00	2.19	55.12	42.69	7.75	16.2	115	2.57	379	14.0	0.58	8.48	4.66	1.79	16.12	1.30	1.04
KJ63	0.00	1.10	58.55	40.35	7.66	0.49	110	2.84	330	15.0	0.71	7.82	5.74	0.10	0.41	1.03	0.95
KJ64	0.00	2.55	52.09	45.36	7.84	15.5	128	2.78	129	16.5	0.70	0.69	6.21	2.19	12.86	1.21	0.94
KJ65	0.00	2.11	51.28	46.61	7.89	11.3	114	2.49	379	14.2	0.57	8.74	5.23	2.35	11.48	1.32	1.03
KJ66	0.00	9.42	54.10	36.49	7.05	8.10	76.4	1.61	739	9.85	0.37	24.3	3.26	0.58	12.84	1.37	1.04
KJ67	0.00	10.58	55.66	33.76	6.94	2.58	50.8	1.06	907	6.28	0.23	31.3	2.28	0.36	6.56	1.47	1.10
KJ68	0.00	28.46	43.71	27.84	5.91	1.72	45.5	1.13	1181	5.72	0.19	32.5	1.85	0.52	5.26	1.58	1.41
KJ69	0.00	20.88	50.51	28.61	6.25	1.98	26.8	1.57	4690	2.99	0.10	36.0	0.94	0.33	12.06	1.85	3.91
KJ70	0.00	23.74	46.94	29.33	6.16	2.54	45.4	0.94	1115	5.53	0.19	35.5	1.95	0.48	7.82	1.59	1.18
KJ71	0.00	41.37	34.32	24.31	5.15	0.94	29.2	1.14	3169	3.46	0.11	37.4	1.19	0.18	4.90	1.73	2.42
KJ72	0.00	35.62	38.18	26.20	5.53	7.57	35.9	0.70	1048	3.40	0.11	29.2	1.09	1.11	40.01	2.15	1.51
KJ73	0.00	17.99	61.10	20.91	5.96	2.38	31.0	1.60	2391	3.22	0.11	38.7	1.20	0.45	12.22	1.80	3.36
KJ74	0.00	9.34	52.33	38.33	7.04	1.56	69.4	3.21	1294	7.38	0.29	26.7	2.78	0.40	3.07	1.55	2.58
KJ75	0.00	23.85	45.41	30.74	6.25	1.13	48.8	1.05	1083	5.92	0.21	31.2	2.16	0.57	3.08	1.51	1.16

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表 2 南海典型断面表层沉积物粒度、主量元素和氧化还原敏感元素含量及其特征参数

Table 2. Character parameters of grain sizes, contents of main elements and redox sensitive elements of the surface sediments from four typical transects in the South China Sea

断面	特征参数	粒级组分含量/%				氧化还原敏感元素/(μg/g)			主量元素/%
断面	特征参数	砾	砂	粉砂	黏土	Mo	V	U	Al₂O₃	TiO₂	CaO	Fe₂O₃	MnO
断面Ⅰ	最小值	0.00	0.00	26.01	15.67	0.28	48.3	1.54	7.07	0.44	0.69	3.56	0.06
	最大值	0.00	58.32	79.02	45.42	13.4	157	2.98	17.6	0.87	18.1	7.14	1.86
	平均值	0.00	7.49	60.64	31.88	4.40	111	2.21	13.1	0.66	8.17	5.09	0.75
	标准偏差	0.00	12.23	10.07	6.83	3.80	28.1	0.36	2.77	0.13	5.42	1.18	0.56
断面Ⅱ	最小值	0.00	0.11	32.15	21.49	0.83	46.0	1.13	5.74	0.21	0.75	2.02	0.11
	最大值	0.00	46.37	64.15	48.66	24.1	143	3.35	18.0	0.79	35.5	6.86	3.00
	平均值	0.00	13.01	50.45	36.54	6.01	89.1	1.88	11.2	0.46	17.6	4.03	0.98
	标准偏差	0.00	11.59	7.50	7.13	4.82	28.2	0.62	3.61	0.18	10.8	1.43	0.72
断面Ⅲ	最小值	0.00	0.64	7.15	1.06	0.29	26.8	0.70	2.85	0.10	0.69	0.94	0.06
	最大值	36.65	55.15	62.17	46.61	16.2	171	4.16	16.5	0.75	38.7	7.82	2.35
	平均值	1.93	17.97	48.91	31.19	4.25	76.8	1.94	9.27	0.39	20.9	3.50	0.70
	标准偏差	8.18	17.05	12.37	11.86	4.91	41.9	0.98	5.16	0.25	13.0	2.03	0.69
断面Ⅳ	最小值	0.00	1.63	0.00	0.00	0.27	43.4	1.49	3.67	0.24	2.47	3.15	0.05
	最大值	0.00	100.00	62.91	47.57	18.5	151	3.08	15.5	0.68	20.9	5.48	3.77
	平均值	0.00	41.51	33.65	24.84	4.14	88.7	2.29	10.4	0.48	10.3	4.44	0.89
	标准偏差	0.00	43.82	25.60	18.66	5.30	37.3	0.45	4.69	0.15	4.37	0.76	1.09
全海区	最小值	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.27	26.8	0.70	2.85	0.10	0.69	0.94	0.05
	最大值	36.65	100.00	79.02	48.66	24.1	171	4.16	18.0	0.87	38.7	7.82	3.77
	平均值	0.49	17.73	49.87	31.91	4.81	91.7	2.05	11.1	0.50	14.6	4.25	0.83
	标准偏差	4.20	24.91	16.54	11.80	4.76	36.0	0.68	4.31	0.21	10.8	1.58	0.76

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表 3 南海典型断面表层沉积物中主量和微量元素相关系数

Table 3. Correlation coefficients of main and trace elements of the surface sediments from four typical transects in the South China Sea

	Mo	V	U	Sr	Al₂O₃	TiO₂	CaO	Fe₂O₃	MnO
Mo	1.00
V	0.36	1.00
U	0.13	0.63	1.00
Sr	-0.18	-0.62	-0.43	1.00
Al₂O₃	0.29	0.91	0.71	-0.63	1.00
TiO₂	0.17	0.86	0.74	-0.67	0.94	1.00
CaO	-0.20	-0.75	-0.69	0.74	-0.79	-0.87	1.00
Fe₂O₃	0.16	0.86	0.68	-0.70	0.91	0.94	-0.89	1.00
MnO	0.78	0.39	0.23	-0.21	0.33	0.18	-0.21	0.21	1.00

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