现代长江水下三角洲浅地层地震相特征

王远; 严学新; 王治华; 赵宝成; 战庆

doi:10.16562/j.cnki.0256-1492.2017082901

现代长江水下三角洲浅地层地震相特征

上海市地质调查研究院, 上海 200072

基金项目:
中国地质调查局国家海洋地质专项“长江三角洲海岸带综合地质调查与监测”(GZH201200506)；中国地质调查局项目“上海区域地质调查片区总结与服务产品开发”(DD20160345-07)

详细信息

作者简介: 王远(1986—)，男，硕士，工程师，主要从事应用地球物理研究，E-mail：wangyuan0826@126.com

通讯作者: 严学新(1961—)，男，教授级高工，主要从事工程地质与环境地质研究，E-mail：yanxx@siga.com.cn

中图分类号: P714

蔡秋蓉编辑

收稿日期: 2017-08-29

修回日期: 2018-05-30

刊出日期: 2019-04-28

Shallow seismic facies characteristics of the modern underwater delta of the Yangtze River

Shanghai Institute of Geological Survey, Shanghai 200072, China

More Information

Corresponding author: YAN Xuexin, yanxx@siga.com.cn

Received Date: 29 August 2017

Revised Date: 30 May 2018

Publish Date: 28 April 2019

摘要

摘要:
利用传统的地震相分析方法，分析总结现代长江水下三角洲浅地层地震剖面反射波的几何形态、内部反射结构、连续性、振幅等特征，形成对长江水下三角洲各典型地震相特征的认识，圈定相应的地震相范围，并结合钻孔资料，解释了长江口范围三角洲前积、浅海沉积、古河道等各沉积相的分布。结果表明，现代长江水下三角洲浅地层各地震相特征明显。典型的三角洲前积地震相主要分布在长江口外东北部，其余大部为典型浅海沉积地震相，且浅海地震相特征向口内逐渐变弱，表现为浅砂或淤泥型地震相，向口外逐渐有晚更新世基底地震相出露，并发育古河道地震相，此外，浅层气地震相嵌入区内各个地震相范围。
- 浅地层剖面测量 /
- 反射结构 /
- 地震相 /
- 三角洲前积 /
- 沉积环境
Abstract:
According to the traditional method for seismic facies analysis, geometrical shapes, internal reflection structures, facies boundaries, continuity and amplitude of the shallow strata of the Yangtze River are studied by this paper, upon which seismic facies recognized. Incorporated with borehole data we established the facies framework which includes deltaic deposit, shallow sea deposit and paleo channels of the river. Typical seismic facies of delta front are mainly distributed in the northeastern part of the Yangtze River mouth, and the rest of the area is dominated by shallow marine facies. Shallow marine facies consisting of sand and silt are gradually thinning out towards the mouth. Instead, late Pleistocene basement seismic facies gradually crop out at the mouth, decorated by paleochannel seismic facies. Shallow gas seismic facies always invade into other seismic facies.
- shallow seismic survey /
- reflection structure /
- seismic facies /
- delta deposit /
- depositional setting

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图 1 工区测线位置图

Figure 1.

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图 2 近水平层理地震相剖面(P1剖面)

Figure 2.

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图 3 前积地震相剖面

Figure 3.

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图 4 不规则层理地震相剖面

Figure 4.

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图 5 长江古河道充填型地震相(P11剖面)

Figure 5.

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图 6 不规则屏蔽地震相剖面(P12剖面)

Figure 6.

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图 7 无明显层理地震相剖面

Figure 7.

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图 8 区内各钻孔柱状图

Figure 8.

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图 9 各地震相平面分布图

Figure 9.

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表 1 区内浅地层各地震相特征

Table 1. Seismic features of shallow strata

编号	地震相		同相轴连续性	波组形态特征	顶界面	底界面	沉积相
1	近水平层理地震相(浅海相)		好	近水平互平行层理	海底	不整合接触，上超	浅海相、三角洲相
2	前积地震相	S型	好	S形互平行层理	不整合接触，顶超	不整合接触，底超	三角洲相
		斜交型	较好	倾斜互平行层理	不整合接触，削蚀	不整合接触，底超	三角洲相
		切线斜交型	好	倾斜弯曲互平行层理	不整合接触，削蚀	不整合接触，底超	三角洲相
		S-斜交复合型	较好	S型、斜交型交替出现	不整合接触，削蚀	不整合接触，底超	三角洲相
		迭瓦型	一般	交错叠置倾斜互平行层理	不整合接触，削蚀	不整合接触，底超	三角洲相
3	不规则层理地震相	大型古河道型	好	谷状充填型互平行层理	不整合接触，削蚀	不整合接触，底超	河流湖泊相
		小型湖泊河流型	好	倾斜、褶曲、谷状充填型互平行层理，杂乱状反射	不整合接触，削蚀	底超或不可见	河流湖泊相
4	不规则屏蔽地震相(浅层气)	差	屏蔽无反射	不规则	不可见	浅海相、三角洲相
5	无明显层理地震相	浅砂型	差	杂乱状反射	海底	不可见	浅海相、三角洲相
		淤泥型	较差	杂乱、波状反射	海底	不可见	浅海相、潮滩相

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