自然环境变化与人类活动影响下的中小河流沉积物源汇过程

杨守业; 印萍

doi:10.16562/j.cnki.0256-1492.2018.01.001

自然环境变化与人类活动影响下的中小河流沉积物源汇过程

杨守业^1,,
印萍²

1.
同济大学海洋地质国家重点实验室，上海 200092

2.
青岛海洋地质研究所，青岛 266071

基金项目:
国家自然科学基金“河流与海洋沉积地球化学：末次冰盛期以来东海沉积中长江源物质的源汇过程与环境意义”(41225020)；科技部“典型中小入海河流河口动力沉积地貌与环境本底数据调查”项目(2013FY112200)；上海市优秀学科带头人计划(14XD1403600)

详细信息

作者简介: 杨守业(1971—)，男，教授，主要从事东亚河流和边缘海沉积地球化学研究，E-mail:syyang@tongji.edu.cn

中图分类号: P595

周立君编辑

收稿日期: 2017-05-31

修回日期: 2017-10-19

刊出日期: 2018-02-28

Sediment source-to-sink processes of small mountainous rivers under the impacts of natural environmental changes and human activities

YANG Shouye^1,,
YIN Ping²

1.
State Key Laboratory of Marine Geology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China

2.
Qingdao Institute of Marine Geology, Qingdao 266071, China

Received Date: 31 May 2017

Revised Date: 19 October 2017

Publish Date: 28 February 2018

摘要

摘要:
山地小河在地球环境变迁和大陆边缘物质循环过程中具有重要作用，且受人类活动干预影响越来越明显。相比世界大河而言，中小河流多具有瞬时大通量、快速物质转换、易受极端事件和人类活动影响，且对环境变化响应敏感等特点，但学术界对它们的研究很薄弱。目前迫切需要以地球系统科学的思路来重新审视中小河流在圈层相互作用中的角色，加强中小河流地学的系统研究，尤其是通过系统的野外观测与采样分析，积累较长期的实时连续现场水文泥沙等多参数观测资料；同时利用多学科交叉和多方法集成的研究手段，重点研究在全球变化与人类活动影响的双重因素驱动下，世界主要大陆和岛屿地区代表性的中小河流入海物质的通量与组成，向边缘海和全球大洋的物质输运、埋藏与循环过程，以及对不同尺度的全球气候变化和海陆物质循环的响应和影响；重点揭示不同纬度、地带性气候和人类活动影响下的中小河流代表的源汇体系特征，及与世界大河源汇体系的差异，深入理解地球表生过程和全球海陆相互作用的机制。
- 中小河流 /
- 从源到汇 /
- 沉积物 /
- 自然环境 /
- 人类活动
Abstract:
Small mountainous river systems (SMRS) play a key role in the global environmental changes and material cycle on the continental margin, and are subject to increasing human perturbation. Compared to large river systems, the SMRS are characterized by rapid and huge discharges, fast sediment transfer, and being easily influenced by extreme events and human activities, which make them more sensitive to global environmental changes. However, they have received less research attention relative to large rivers. Currently, the role of SMRS that play in the interactions among earth's spheres deserves more in-depth researches, as the concept of earth system science is put under consideration. In particular, the combination of real time and long term hydrographic observations in the fields with multi-disciplinary analytical approaches is urgently needed for better understanding the role of these rivers played on earth surface processes. The major research directions include the discharges and compositions of dissolved and particulate materials by the SMRS from continents and islands into the global oceans, under the impacts of natural environmental changes and human activities, and the difference in sediment source-to-sink processes between the SMRS and large rivers. The comprehensive understanding of SMRS will definitely increase our recognition on earth surface processes and global sea-land interactions.
- small mountainous rivers /
- source to sink /
- sediment /
- natural environmental change /
- human activities

HTML全文

图 1 全球河流入海悬浮沉积物通量示意^[2]

Figure 1.

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 2 东海周边两类河流源汇体系主导陆架和冲绳海槽沉积和物质循环

Figure 2.

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图 3 台湾入海河流悬浮泥沙受台风事件影响显著^[42]

Figure 3.

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图 4 河流沉积物的从源到汇过程与环境响应示意(改绘自文献[19, 65])

Figure 4.

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表 1 东海周边(浙闽沿岸及台湾)中小河流基本参数

Table 1. Basic information of medium and small rivers around the East China Sea (Along Zhejiang and Fujian coasts and in Taiwan)

省份	名称	长度/km	流域面积/10³km²	注入	年径流量/(m³/s)	径流总量/10⁸m³	输沙量/万t
浙江省	钱塘江	688	55.6	杭州湾	1400	442, 342^[50]	440^{[ 50]}, 608, 668
	瓯江	388	18.0	温州湾	457, 615	144, 202	232, 273
	飞云江	176, 185	3.73	东海	144	40	42
	灵江	198	6.61	台州湾	122	51.7	112
	甬江	121	5.03	杭州湾	136	43	172
	椒江	202	6.75	东海	212	67^{[ 50]}	840^{[ 50]}
	鳌江	82, 124	2.54	东海	96.4	17.5	43
福建省	闽江	577	61.0	东海	1779	616^{[ 50]}, 624^{[ 51]}	824，716^{[ 52]}, 770^{[ 50]}
	九龙江	258	14.7	泉州湾	391, 147^{[ 50]}	147^[50], 82^[53]	330, 212, 310^[50]
	晋江	182	5.63	泉州湾	184	49	254
	木兰溪	168	1.73	兴化湾	31	10	47
台湾西部^{[49, 54]}	浊水溪	186	3.1	台湾海峡	117	37	6555, 3000~6000
	头前溪	63	0.5	台湾海峡	21	6.6	100~200
	八掌溪	81	0.6	台湾海峡	20	6.4	200
	曾文溪	138	1.2	台湾海峡	33	10.4	900~1600
	乌溪	119	2	台湾海峡	114	36	400~1000
	大安溪	96	0.63	台湾海峡	30	9.5	300~500
	淡水河	159	2.73	台湾海峡	180	57	100~300

下载: 导出CSV

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