世界天然气水合物钻探历程与试采进展

张炜; 邵明娟; 姜重昕; 田黔宁

doi:10.16562/j.cnki.0256-1492.2018.05.001

世界天然气水合物钻探历程与试采进展

1.
中国地质调查局地学文献中心, 北京 100083

2.
中国地质图书馆, 北京 100083

基金项目:
中国地质调查局项目“地学情报综合研究与产品开发”(DD20160354)

详细信息

作者简介: 张炜(1981—)，男，博士，高级工程师，主要从事地质科技与资源战略研究，E-mail：zhangwei@cgl.org.cn

中图分类号: P618.13

蔡秋荣编辑

收稿日期: 2018-05-30

修回日期: 2018-06-15

刊出日期: 2018-10-28

World progress of drilling and production test of natural gas hydrate

1.
Geoscience Documentation Center, China Geological Survey, Beijing 100083, China

2.
National Geological Library of China, Beijing 100083, China

Received Date: 30 May 2018

Revised Date: 15 June 2018

Publish Date: 28 October 2018

摘要

摘要:
自20世纪60年代证实自然界中存在天然气水合物以来，针对水合物这一潜在能源的研究取得了显著进展。与常规油气资源一样，水合物的开发也需要经历两个重要阶段，即勘查与试采。该文对全球主要国家水合物钻探与试采进展进行了归纳总结和分析，认为钻探工作在获取水合物实物样品、优化相关技术装备、提供可靠数据等方面发挥了重要作用，而试采工作在长期、安全、稳定和高效产气方面仍与产业化开发的预期存在差距。建议我国应充分发挥各方优势，重视技术方法和装备的研究、开发、示范和推广，形成可用于水合物资源勘查与开采的成熟技术装备体系。
- 天然气水合物 /
- 钻探 /
- 试采 /
- 产业化
Abstract:
Since the natural gas hydrate was recognized as a new energy source in 1960s, the research of gas hydrate has made great progress. Similar to the conventional oil and gas, the development of hydrate also needs to pass two important stages, i.e. exploration and production test. This paper summarized and analyzed the progress in exploration drilling and production test of hydrate in some major countries. The exploration drilling plays a critical role in data acquisition, hydrate sampling, and optimization of relevant technology, equipment and facilities, whereas the production test aims to test the efficiency of technology for industrial development of gas hydrate in a safe, stable and efficient way. As one of the leading countries in hydrate research in the world, China has made great progress in hydrate exploration and resource assessment, and the recent production test is really a great success. Further development in exploitation technology and related facilities is discussed and recommended in the paper.
- nature gas hydrate /
- drilling /
- trial production /
- industrialization

HTML全文

图 1 全球主要天然气水合物钻探与试采活动分布示意图

Figure 1.

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图 2 日本第一口生产井的压力、产气率、产水率变化情况(据文献[68])

Figure 2.

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图 3 日本第二口生产井的压力、产气率、产水率变化情况(据文献[68])

Figure 3.

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表 1 全球主要天然气水合物钻探活动(按时间顺序排列)

Table 1. Major gas hydrate drilling activities in the world (in chronological order)

航次名称	时间	调查区域	调查平台	主要储层类型	水合物类型
ODP 164	1995年	美国Blake海台	“JOIDES Resolution”号科学钻探船	富黏土/泥质	孔隙充填/结核状、块状
MITI	1999年	日本南海海槽	“M. G. Hulme Jr.”号半潜式钻井平台	砂质	孔隙充填
ODP 204	2002年	美国Hydrate海脊南部	“JOIDES Resolution”号科学钻探船	泥质	层状、结核状、脉状
METI	2004年	日本南海海槽	“JOIDES Resolution”号科学钻探船	粗粒砂质/泥质	裂隙充填、孔隙充填/结核状
JIP-I	2005年	美国墨西哥湾	“Uncle John”号半潜式平台	细粒砂质	裂隙充填
IODP 311	2005年	美国Hydrate海脊北部	“JOIDES Resolution”号科学钻探船	粗粒砂质	层状、结核状、脉状
NGHP-01	2006年	印度大陆边缘及安达曼群岛附近海域	“JOIDES Resolution”号科学钻探船	泥质/砂质	裂隙充填、孔隙充填/块状、脉状、透镜状
GMGS1	2007年	中国南海神狐海域	“Bavenit”号钻探船	细粒黏土	分散状
UBGH1	2007年	韩国郁龙盆地	“Rem Etive”号多用途调查船	泥质/砂质	裂隙充填、孔隙充填/层状、分散状、脉状
JIP-II	2009年	美国墨西哥湾	Helix Q4000半潜式钻井平台	富黏土/砂质	裂隙充填
UBGH2	2010年	韩国郁龙盆地	“Synergy”号钻探船	泥质/砂质	裂隙充填、孔隙充填/结核状、浸染状
MH21	2012年	日本南海海槽	“CHIKYU”号深水钻探船	砂质	裂隙充填、孔隙充填/层状、分散状、脉状
GMGS2	2013年	中国南海珠江口盆地东部海域	“Rem Etive”号多用途调查船	粉砂质黏土	裂隙充填/层状、块状、脉状、结核状、分散状
GMGS3	2015年	中国南海神狐海域	“Voyager”号钻探船	黏土质粉砂/粉砂质黏土	孔隙充填/首次发现该区存在结构II型天然气水合物
NGHP-02	2015年	印度大陆边缘及安达曼群岛附近海域	“CHIKYU”号深水钻探船	粗粒砂质	裂隙充填、孔隙充填/块状、脉状、透镜状
GMGS4	2016年	中国南海神狐海域/西沙海槽	“Voyager”号钻探船	黏土质粉砂/粉砂质黏土	进一步证实了GMGS3航次的发现
GOM²-1	2017年	美国墨西哥湾北部	Helix Q4000半潜式钻井平台	砂质	裂隙充填
IODP 372	2017年	新西兰Hikurangi大陆边缘	“JOIDES Resolution”号科学钻探船	—	—
注：“—”表示无资料。

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表 2 全球天然气水合物试采情况对比(据文献[55]中表 1修改)

Table 2. Comparison of natural gas hydrate production tests in the world (modified according to Table 1 in reference [55])

	加拿大			美国	日本			中国
	首次	第二次	第三次	首次	首次	第二次		首次	第二次	首次
	陆域试采	陆域试采	陆域试采	陆域试采	海域试采	海域试采		陆域试采	陆域试采	海域试采
时间	2002年	2007年	2008年	2012年	2013年	2017年		2011年	2016年	2017年
作业区域	麦肯齐	麦肯齐	麦肯齐	阿拉斯加	第二渥美	第二渥美		祁连山	祁连山	南海神狐
	三角洲	三角洲	三角洲	北坡	海丘	海丘		木里地区	木里地区	海域
作业水深	—	—	—	—	约1000m	约1000m		—	—	1266m
储层深度	地表以下	地表以下	地表以下	地表以下	海底以下	海底以下		地表以下	地表以下	海底以下
	约900m	约1100m	约1100m	约700m	约300m	约350m		146~305m	340~350m	203~277m
储层条件	砂质	砂质	砂质	砂质	砂质	砂质		粉砂质/砂质/泥质	粉砂质/砂质/泥质	泥质粉砂
开采方法	热流体循环法	降压法	降压法	二氧化碳-甲烷置换法+降压法	降压法	降压法		降压法+热激法	降压法	地层流体抽取法
产气持续时间	125h	12.5h	6d	30d	6d	12d^**	24d^***	101h	23d	60d
累计产气量	516m^3*	830m³	1.3万m³	2.4万m³	11.9万m³	4.1万m³	22.3万m³	95m³	1078.4m³	30.9万m³
平均日产气量	94m³	1600m³	2200m³	800m³	2万m3	3400m³	9270m³	22.62m³	46.89m³	5151 m³
日最高产气量	350m³	2000m³	4000m³	5000m³	约2.5万m³	约0.5万m³	约1.5万m³	—	136.55m³	3.5万m³
停产原因	—	出砂	出砂	—	出砂	出砂	主动关井	—	—	主动关井
注：^其中468m³气体是试采过程中产出的，48m³气体是压井作业过程中产出的；^日本第二次海域试采的第一口生产井；^**日本第二次海域试采的第二口生产井。“—”表示无资料。

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