Geochemistry and provenance of the sediment from the west flank of the spreading southwest Indian Oceanic Ridge (34.9°S)
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摘要:
西南印度洋中脊沉积物来源广泛，是区域海洋环境演化的记录器，对其沉积物特征及物源研究是区域古海洋研究的基础。对采自西南印度洋中脊扩张轴部(34.9°S)西翼的重力柱沉积物样品进行总碳、总有机碳、生物硅、主量元素、微量及稀土元素测试, 测试结果显示，样品中生物成因组分为沉积物的主要组成，主要包括碳酸盐和二氧化硅；主微量元素除了Ca、Sr与LOI外，其余元素的分布趋势基本一致，且相关系数基本大于0.8。结合不同生物组分特点进行分析计算，获得了沉积物中各生物组分的含量。去除生物成因组分重新计算了非生物成因元素含量，通过潜在物源及相应地球化学指标对比分析，发现非生物成因组分主要由非洲南部风成陆源物质组成，含少量洋中脊硫化物与结壳物质。
Abstract:The multi-origin sediments on the southwest Indian Ridge (SWIR) are the archive of environmental evolution of the region. The study of sediment characteristics and provenances founded the basis of paleoceanographic study. In this paper, we analyzed the deep-sea sediment samples from a gravity core sampled at 34.9°S on the spreading SWIR, and a comprehensive data set was constructed for their bulk chemical compositions, including major elements, trace elements, and bio-components. As the data show, the bulk samples are dominated by bio-components, consisting of high bio-carbonate and low bio-silica. The distribution patterns of major elements are rather accordant. Except for Ca, Sr, and LOI, the correlation coefficient of other major elements are greater than 0.8. Based on the properties of bio-components of sediment, we computed the weight percentage of each bio-component. Removed the bio-components from the bulk, we recalculated the weight percentage of non-biotic elements. The data is used as geochemical proxies to study the potential sources. It is found that the abiotic component of the sediment is mainly terrestrial and local origin. The primary source is the aeolian dust from southern Africa, with a small amount of deposits from hydrothermal sulfide and manganese crust.
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Key words:
- southwest Indian Ridge /
- geochemistry /
- sediment source
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表 1 主量元素数据(%)
Table 1. Data of major elements
取样层位/cm Al2O3 BaO CaO Cl TFe2O3 K2O MgO MnO Na2O P2O5 SiO2 SO3 SrO TiO2 LOI 0~10 3.64 0.08 40.7 1.50 1.95 0.61 0.85 0.20 1.69 0.12 13.55 0.29 0.16 0.22 35.42 10~20 3.52 0.12 41.1 1.46 1.87 0.65 0.84 0.21 1.68 0.10 13.88 0.30 0.16 0.23 35.12 20~30 3.41 0.09 41.7 1.77 1.84 0.62 0.83 0.17 1.86 0.10 12.99 0.32 0.17 0.22 35.64 30~40 3.91 0.12 39.8 1.54 2.08 0.73 0.94 0.20 1.96 0.10 15.56 0.31 0.16 0.25 34.54 40~50 4.46 0.13 37.7 1.76 2.40 0.81 1.06 0.22 2.07 0.12 17.64 0.33 0.15 0.29 33.19 50~60 6.35 0.19 29.7 2.09 3.45 1.13 1.46 0.33 2.61 0.19 24.61 0.40 0.12 0.41 28.52 60~70 6.46 0.20 29.9 2.22 3.65 1.14 1.58 0.39 2.72 0.20 24.25 0.43 0.13 0.43 29.18 70~80 4.63 0.15 37.3 1.94 2.57 0.83 1.15 0.28 2.21 0.15 17.58 0.37 0.15 0.31 32.37 80~90 5.79 0.15 32.7 2.14 3.43 1.04 1.46 0.34 2.45 0.22 21.03 0.39 0.12 0.37 31.12 90~100 5.53 0.15 34.6 1.94 3.10 0.99 1.38 0.35 2.29 0.22 19.79 0.36 0.13 0.34 31.39 100~110 4.95 0.13 37.1 2.00 2.78 0.87 1.26 0.33 2.14 0.21 17.37 0.35 0.14 0.30 32.67 110~120 3.88 0.11 41.0 1.63 2.16 0.70 1.00 0.23 1.82 0.16 13.61 0.30 0.15 0.23 34.84 120~130 3.41 0.09 42.9 1.64 1.89 0.61 0.88 0.19 1.68 0.14 11.78 0.30 0.15 0.20 36.12 130~140 3.36 0.08 43.4 1.50 1.82 0.60 0.88 0.19 1.62 0.13 11.51 0.27 0.15 0.20 36.34 140~150 3.73 0.09 42.2 1.48 2.02 0.66 0.97 0.20 1.68 0.14 12.61 0.29 0.15 0.22 35.73 150~160 3.30 0.08 43.8 1.43 1.78 0.60 0.87 0.18 1.56 0.11 11.08 0.27 0.16 0.20 36.59 160~170 7.39 0.25 25.7 2.11 4.01 1.33 1.76 0.44 2.91 0.21 28.84 0.46 0.12 0.48 26.73 170~180 4.60 0.15 37.4 1.97 2.50 0.86 1.18 0.26 2.24 0.12 18.06 0.37 0.16 0.30 31.91 180~190 3.11 0.10 42.8 1.65 1.69 0.59 0.82 0.18 1.76 0.10 12.40 0.31 0.17 0.20 36.48 190~200 3.91 0.14 38.7 1.91 2.13 0.74 0.99 0.20 2.04 0.14 16.04 0.35 0.16 0.25 33.64 200~210 6.21 0.20 30.8 2.02 3.47 1.11 1.48 0.33 2.55 0.21 24.13 0.41 0.13 0.39 29.20 210~220 4.38 0.12 38.0 1.78 2.49 0.79 1.09 0.25 2.05 0.16 16.23 0.33 0.15 0.28 34.18 220~230 4.27 0.11 38.9 1.68 2.40 0.77 1.07 0.24 1.99 0.15 15.79 0.32 0.15 0.27 34.13 230~240 5.15 0.14 35.1 1.90 2.95 0.94 1.30 0.30 2.27 0.18 19.11 0.36 0.14 0.33 32.31 
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表 2 微量元素(包括稀土元素)数据(×10-6)
Table 2. Data of race elements (including rare earth elements)
取样层位/cm Ba Zr Nb Rb Sr Th U V Y Cs Ga Hf La Ce Pr Nd Sm Eu Gd Tb Dy Ho Er Tm Yb Lu 0~10 785 40 3.9 21.2 1320 3.86 0.55 30 23.3 1.34 5.4 1.0 17.5 30.6 4.47 18.3 3.92 0.99 3.95 0.66 3.80 0.79 2.19 0.32 2.01 0.30 10~20 1045 39 3.8 21.2 1320 3.53 0.52 29 21.5 1.46 5.3 1.0 16.7 27.1 4.17 17.1 3.67 0.92 3.84 0.56 3.49 0.72 1.98 0.29 1.82 0.27 20~30 839 37 3.8 21.7 1345 3.58 0.49 34 23.2 1.41 5.5 1.0 17.4 28.0 4.33 17.2 3.96 0.97 3.93 0.59 3.71 0.76 2.05 0.29 1.82 0.28 30~40 1090 44 4.4 23.7 1280 4.13 0.55 38 24.4 1.55 6.5 1.1 18.6 30.8 4.86 19.3 4.24 1.06 4.39 0.65 3.96 0.82 2.25 0.32 1.94 0.29 40~50 1165 49 5.0 27.5 1205 4.74 0.60 41 28.0 1.84 7.4 1.2 21.4 35.6 5.47 22.0 4.61 1.17 5.03 0.76 4.53 0.91 2.44 0.36 2.23 0.34 50~60 1670 74 7.5 40.3 1005 7.14 0.88 60 40.4 2.62 11.2 1.9 30.1 53.2 8.04 32.0 7.22 1.82 7.36 1.09 6.71 1.41 3.84 0.53 3.28 0.50 60~70 1680 77 7.6 40.5 1050 7.39 0.90 65 45.1 2.51 11.5 1.9 33.5 59.3 8.84 34.6 7.79 1.96 7.78 1.23 7.39 1.48 3.98 0.59 3.49 0.52 70~80 1305 54 5.3 30.5 1320 5.57 0.72 40 34.6 1.83 7.5 1.4 26.6 45.9 6.70 27.0 5.52 1.45 5.89 0.85 5.27 1.07 3.02 0.42 2.61 0.38 80~90 1410 70 6.5 40.9 1140 7.46 0.90 52 49.8 2.51 10.3 1.7 35.5 59.6 9.00 36.0 7.75 2.05 8.20 1.16 7.57 1.52 4.35 0.64 3.78 0.56 90~100 1285 64 5.8 36.9 1110 6.57 0.83 50 44.3 2.26 9.1 1.5 32.0 51.6 8.07 32.9 6.71 1.82 7.46 1.04 7.16 1.32 3.82 0.53 3.26 0.49 100~110 1260 59 5.5 34.7 1245 6.48 0.78 48 45.4 2.08 9.4 1.4 33.7 52.4 8.31 33.4 6.88 1.90 7.55 1.07 7.19 1.38 3.79 0.58 3.44 0.51 110~120 1080 49 4.4 28.5 1385 5.10 0.67 41 36.9 1.72 7.8 1.1 26.8 41.9 6.58 26.8 5.34 1.42 5.98 0.84 5.64 1.15 3.15 0.44 2.61 0.39 120~130 916 41 3.6 24.6 1410 4.32 0.58 32 33.2 1.49 7.0 0.9 23.8 36.1 5.97 24.0 4.70 1.23 5.25 0.79 4.96 0.98 2.72 0.39 2.41 0.35 130~140 795 39 3.6 24.5 1380 4.06 0.53 32 29.9 1.45 6.7 0.9 21.9 34.1 5.40 21.6 4.28 1.12 4.87 0.68 4.51 0.90 2.41 0.35 2.10 0.30 140~150 766 37 3.4 24.1 1155 4.02 0.51 22 27.1 1.41 5.4 1.0 19.9 31.5 5.03 20.3 4.36 1.08 4.64 0.70 4.18 0.88 2.38 0.35 2.25 0.33 150~160 726 35 3.1 22.4 1255 3.63 0.47 22 25.2 1.35 4.9 0.9 19.4 29.7 4.81 19.5 3.92 1.04 4.46 0.66 3.91 0.81 2.26 0.32 1.99 0.30 160~170 2010 81 7.7 46.1 909 7.65 0.97 62 42.2 2.83 11.5 2.1 32.5 58.7 8.22 33.6 6.89 1.77 7.59 1.12 6.87 1.35 3.72 0.54 3.27 0.48 170~180 1285 49 4.6 29.9 1290 4.54 0.61 40 26.5 1.74 7.3 1.4 22.7 36.1 5.52 22.7 4.78 1.22 4.65 0.73 4.25 0.88 2.40 0.34 2.11 0.32 180~190 904 32 3.1 20.0 1365 3.23 0.43 31 21.7 1.21 5.3 0.8 17.6 25.3 4.26 16.9 3.75 0.86 3.73 0.55 3.37 0.71 1.91 0.28 1.71 0.26 190~200 1305 45 4.2 26.2 1355 4.31 0.56 44 27.5 1.58 7.4 1.1 22.5 35.2 5.71 23.4 5.00 1.20 5.03 0.74 4.47 0.88 2.36 0.34 2.10 0.32 200~210 1810 72 6.8 42.0 1085 7.09 0.86 54 45.0 2.44 11.1 1.8 33.8 56.8 8.67 34.3 7.70 1.87 7.66 1.20 6.93 1.43 3.86 0.54 3.24 0.49 210~220 1110 46 4.8 29.3 1215 5.12 0.63 53 33.9 1.78 7.3 1.0 24.8 40.0 6.15 25.3 5.54 1.42 5.48 0.82 5.19 1.09 3.07 0.44 2.65 0.41 220~230 1075 43 4.4 27.3 1215 5.11 0.61 45 32.4 1.70 6.7 1.0 23.8 38.4 5.98 25.0 5.65 1.27 5.48 0.78 4.93 1.00 2.94 0.41 2.56 0.37 230-240 1320 56 5.5 34.6 1145 6.40 0.76 51 41.7 2.13 8.9 1.4 29.4 47.9 7.65 31.6 6.88 1.68 7.21 0.99 6.18 1.26 3.69 0.55 3.21 0.48
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表 3 主微量及稀土元素相关系数分布
Table 3. The correlated coefficient of major and trace elements
CaO Al2O3 Cl TFe2O3 K2O MgO MnO Na2O P2O5 SiO2 SO3 TiO2 LOI Ba Cs Ga Hf Nb Rb Sr Th U V Y Zr ΣrIE CaO 1.00 Al2O3 -0.99 1.00 Cl -0.87 0.86 1.00 TFe2O3 -0.98 0.99 0.86 1.00 K2O -0.97 0.99 0.86 0.98 1.00 MgO -0.95 0.98 0.87 0.99 0.99 1.00 MnO -0.84 0.87 0.79 0.88 0.87 0.89 1.00 Na2O -0.98 0.97 0.90 0.96 0.96 0.94 0.85 1.00 P2O5 -0.70 0.74 0.66 0.79 0.73 0.77 0.65 0.69 1.00 SiO2 -1.00 0.98 0.86 0.97 0.97 0.95 0.84 0.99 0.67 1.00 SO3 -0.85 0.85 0.84 0.84 0.85 0.87 0.87 0.86 0.58 0.85 1.00 TiO2 -0.96 0.96 0.85 0.96 0.96 0.96 0.80 0.94 0.72 0.95 0.79 1.00 LOI 0.99 -0.98 -0.88 -0.96 -0.98 -0.95 -0.86 -0.98 -0.68 -0.99 -0.88 -0.94 1.00 Ba -0.96 0.94 0.86 0.93 0.93 0.91 0.79 0.96 0.67 0.97 0.87 0.91 -0.97 1.00 Cs -0.96 0.98 0.85 0.98 0.96 0.97 0.85 0.94 0.78 0.95 0.82 0.94 -0.95 0.92 1.00 Ga -0.93 0.95 0.87 0.95 0.93 0.95 0.82 0.91 0.76 0.92 0.81 0.89 -0.93 0.92 0.96 1.00 Hf -0.97 0.98 0.87 0.97 0.96 0.96 0.88 0.96 0.67 0.97 0.88 0.93 -0.98 0.94 0.96 0.93 1.00 Nb -0.98 0.98 0.87 0.98 0.95 0.95 0.84 0.96 0.76 0.97 0.81 0.94 -0.97 0.94 0.98 0.96 0.97 1.00 Rb -0.95 0.98 0.86 0.98 0.97 0.99 0.86 0.93 0.80 0.94 0.85 0.94 -0.94 0.92 0.98 0.97 0.95 0.96 1.00 Sr 0.88 -0.90 -0.64 -0.88 -0.89 -0.87 -0.74 -0.84 -0.60 -0.87 -0.66 -0.87 0.85 -0.76 -0.86 -0.76 -0.84 -0.84 -0.83 1.00 Th -0.92 0.95 0.84 0.97 0.93 0.96 0.84 0.89 0.86 0.89 0.80 0.90 -0.90 0.87 0.97 0.96 0.92 0.95 0.98 -0.80 1.00 U -0.93 0.95 0.81 0.96 0.92 0.94 0.83 0.89 0.80 0.91 0.82 0.88 -0.92 0.89 0.96 0.96 0.94 0.95 0.97 -0.78 0.97 1.00 V -0.91 0.90 0.88 0.90 0.89 0.88 0.74 0.91 0.80 0.90 0.73 0.87 -0.88 0.89 0.91 0.92 0.84 0.93 0.89 -0.72 0.90 0.87 1.00 Y -0.76 0.82 0.74 0.86 0.80 0.86 0.76 0.74 0.86 0.73 0.69 0.77 -0.74 0.72 0.88 0.90 0.78 0.82 0.91 -0.64 0.95 0.90 0.80 1.00 Zr -0.97 0.98 0.86 0.98 0.96 0.97 0.87 0.94 0.75 0.96 0.84 0.92 -0.96 0.93 0.98 0.98 0.98 0.99 0.98 -0.82 0.97 0.98 0.90 0.87 1.00 ΣREE -0.85 0.90 0.82 0.93 0.88 0.93 0.82 0.83 0.86 0.83 0.78 0.85 -0.84 0.82 0.94 0.95 0.87 0.90 0.96 -0.72 0.99 0.95 0.86 0.98 0.93 1.00
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表 4 研究区沉积物及岩石样品稀土元素特征指标平均值
Table 4. The average REE indices of sediments and rocks
数据来源 LREE HREE LREE/HREE ∑REE (La/Sm)N (La/Yb)N δCe δEu 50°E玄武岩 21.23 17.59 1.21 38.82 0.54 0.47 0.99 1.08 49°E硫化物 2.18 0.69 2.97 2.87 3.48 8.82 1.05 0.86 48°~51°E沉积物 16.31 3.56 4.61 19.87 3.36 5.39 0.68 0.72 本研究 85.61 13.49 6.34 99.10 2.90 6.57 0.76 0.75 富钴结壳 1046.30 132.51 8.18 1178.82 82.13 553.21 1.34 0.20 PAAS 132.8 13.0 10.25 184.0 4.33 9.13 1.01 0.63 UCC 106.8 10.4 10.30 148.2 4.15 10.45 0.99 0.69 注：硫化物据文献[13]；玄武岩数据据文献[14]；48°~51°E钙质沉积物据文献[3, 6]；富钴结壳据文献[59]
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