西沙群岛宣德环礁的地震层序发育特征

杨朝云; 韩孝辉; 罗昆; 冯亚生; 刘刚; 陈万利; 李学林; 吴时国

doi:10.16562/j.cnki.0256-1492.2018.06.003

西沙群岛宣德环礁的地震层序发育特征

1.
海南省海洋地质调查研究院，海口 570206

2.
中国科学院深海科学与工程研究所海底资源与探测技术重点实验室，三亚 572000

基金项目: 海南省省财政项目“南海地质构造研究”

详细信息

作者简介: 杨朝云(1977—)，男，高级工程师，主要从事海洋地质调查工作

通讯作者: 陈万利(1990—)，男，在读博士，主要从事海洋地质、海洋地球物理方向的研究，Email:chenwl@idsse.ac.cn

中图分类号: P737.27

文凤英编辑

收稿日期: 2018-07-31

修回日期: 2018-09-27

刊出日期: 2018-12-28

Seismic sequence stratigrahy of the Xuande Atoll in the Xisha Islands

1.
Marine Geological Survey Institute of Hainan Province, Haikou 570206, China

2.
Laboratory of Marine Geophysics and Georesources, Institute of Deep-sea Science and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Sanya 572000, China

More Information

Corresponding author: CHEN Wanli, chenwl@idsse.ac.cn

Received Date: 31 July 2018

Revised Date: 27 September 2018

Publish Date: 28 December 2018

摘要

摘要:
宣德环礁是一个新生代的碳酸盐台地，也是永兴岛所在地。为了更好地了解台地的结构演化，我们在宣德环礁首次开展了高分辨率地震试验，试验得到了高分辨率的过现代岛礁区域的地震剖面，利用这些地震剖面将岛礁地层划分为5个地震层序，分别是SQ1(下中新统)、SQ2(中中新统)、SQ3(上中新统)、SQ4(上新统)、SQ5(第四系)。在层序格架的约束下，探讨了不同时期台地发育特征和演化规律，希望能为西沙海域关于岛礁地层地震层序的研究提供一定的素材。
- 环礁 /
- 碳酸盐台地 /
- 地震试验 /
- 地震地层学 /
- 西沙群岛
Abstract:
TheXuande Atoll, a Late Cenozoic carbonate platform, is now the capital of the Sansha city. In order to unravel the architecture of the atoll, we conducted an experiment of high-resolution seismic survey there. Four seismic profiles have been acquired so far. Interpretation suggests that there are five seismic sequences in the region from bottom to top, i.e. SQ1 (Lower Miocene), SQ2 (Middle Miocene), SQ3 (Upper Miocene), SQ4 (Pliocene) and SQ5 (Quaternary), respectively. By correlation to the established stratigtaphic framework, we discussed the characteristics and evolution of the platform in this paper. The seismic experiment has filled the blank of multiple channel seismic imaging, and offered an opportunity for seismic stratigraphic research on isolated carbonate platforms as such in the Xisha Islands.
- atoll /
- carboante platform /
- seismic experiment /
- seismic stratigraphy /
- Xisha Islands

HTML全文

图 1 研究区地形地貌位置和地震测线位置图

Figure 1.

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 2 西沙群岛钻孔区域地层对比(据文献[30]，有修改)

Figure 2.

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 3 西沙碳酸盐台地地震层序划分(Wu et al, 2014)

Figure 3.

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 4 初始叠加剖面

Figure 4.

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 5 剩余多次压制

Figure 5.

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 6 叠后压噪前后对比

Figure 6.

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 7 偏移孔径实验效果图

Figure 7.

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 8 偏移角度试验

Figure 8.

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 9 XDS5地震层序解释剖面

Figure 9.

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 10 XDS5西部斜坡地震层序解释剖面

Figure 10.

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 11 XDS5东部斜坡地震层序解释剖面

Figure 11.

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 12 XDS1环礁区地震层序解释

Figure 12.

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

表 1 地震层序界面特征统计

Table 1. The characteristic of seismic sequence boundary

层位	反射强度	极性	年代	描述
T0	强反射	波峰	现代	海底反射连续可全区追踪
T20	强反射	波峰	第四纪	部分区域遭受剥蚀，部分环礁区可追踪
T30	不稳定	波峰	上新世	部分区域遭受剥蚀，环礁区不可追踪
T40	不稳定	波峰	晚中新世	海侵面，环礁区不可追踪
T50	不稳定	波峰	中中新世	部分区域遭受剥蚀，环礁区不可追踪
Tg	弱反射	波峰	古生界或中生界	起伏较大，环礁区不可追踪

下载: 导出CSV

参考文献(33)

[1]	何起祥, 张明书.中国西沙礁相地质[M].北京: 科学出版社, 1986: 182-200. HE Qixiang, ZHANG Mingshu. Reef Geology of Xisha, China[M]. Science Press, 1986: 182-200.
[2]	吴时国, 张新元.南海共轭陆缘新生代碳酸盐台地对海盆构造演化的响应[J].地球科学—中国地质大学学报, 2015, 40(2):234-248. http://d.old.wanfangdata.com.cn/Periodical/dqkx201502005 WU Shiguo, ZHANG Xinyuan. Response of Cenozoic carbonate platform in the conjugated margin of South China Sea[J]. Earth Science-Journal of China University of Geosciences, 2015, 40 (2): 234-248. http://d.old.wanfangdata.com.cn/Periodical/dqkx201502005
[3]	杨振, 吴时国, 吕福亮, 等.西沙海区晚新生代碳酸盐台地的发育模式及控制因素[J].海洋地质与第四纪地质, 2014, 34(5):47-55. http://www.wanfangdata.com.cn/details/detail.do?_type=perio&id=hydzydsjdz201405006 YANG Zhen, WUShiguo, LV Fuliang, et al. Evolutionary model and control factors of late Cenozoic carbonate platform in Xisha sea area[J]. Marine Geology & Quaternary Geology, 2014, 34 (5): 47-55] http://www.wanfangdata.com.cn/details/detail.do?_type=perio&id=hydzydsjdz201405006
[4]	方鹏高, 丁巍伟, 方银霞, 等.南海礼乐滩碳酸盐台地的发育及其新生代构造响应[J].地球科学—中国地质大学学报, 2015, 40(12):2052-2066. http://d.old.wanfangdata.com.cn/Periodical/dqkx201512008 FANG Peng Gao, DING Weiwei, FANG Yin Xia et al. Development of carbonate platform and its response to Cenozoic tectonic in Reed Bank area[J]. Earth Science-Journal of China University of Geosciences, 2015, 40 (12): 2052-2066. http://d.old.wanfangdata.com.cn/Periodical/dqkx201512008
[5]	杨振, 张光学, 张莉, 等.西沙海域中新世碳酸盐台地的时空分布及其油气成藏模式[J].地质学报, 2017, 91(6): 1360-1373. YANG Zhen, ZHANG Guangxue et al. The spatial-temporal distribution Miocene carbonate platform in the Xisha sea area anf its model of hydrocarbon accumulation[J]. Acta Geologica Sinica, 2017, 91 (6): 1360-1373.
[6]	Burgess P M, Winefield P, Minzoni M, et al. Methods for identification of isolated carbonate build-ups from seismic reflection data[J]. AAPG Bulletin, 2013, 97(7): 1071-1098, doi:10.1306/12051212011.
[7]	Cathro D L, AustinJ A. An early mid-Miocene, strike-parallel shelfal trough and possible karstification in the Northern Carnarvon Basin, northwest Australia[J]. Mar. Geol, 2001, 178: 157-169. doi: 10.1016/S0025-3227(01)00177-3
[8]	Cathro D L, Austin J J A, Moss GD. Progradation along a deeply submerged Oligocene Miocene heterozoan carbonate shelf: how sensitive are clinoforms to sealevel variations[J]. Am. Assoc. Pet. Geol. Bull, 2003, 87: 1547-1574.
[9]	Courgeon S, Jorry S, Camoin J et al. Growth and demise of Cenozoic isolated carbonate platforms: New insights from the Mozambique Channel seamounts (SW Indian Ocean)[J]. Marine Geology, 2016, 380: 90-105. doi: 10.1016/j.margeo.2016.07.006
[10]	Jorry S J, Camoin G F, Jouet G et al. Modern sediments and Pleistocene reefs from isolated carbonate platforms (Iles Eparses, SW Indian Ocean): a preliminary study[J]. Acta Oecol, 2016, 72: 129-143. doi: 10.1016/j.actao.2015.10.014
[11]	龚再升.生物礁是南海北部深水区的重要勘探领域[J].中国海上油气, 2009, 21(5):289-295. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-1506.2009.05.001 GONG Zaisheng. Reef:an important exploration realm in the deepwater areas, the northern South China Sea[J]. China Offshore Oil and Gas, 2009, 21(5):289-295. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-1506.2009.05.001
[12]	王国忠.南海珊瑚礁区沉积学[M].北京: 海洋出版社, 2001: 137-216. WANG Guozhong. Coral Reef Sedimentology in the South China Sea[M]. China Ocean Press, 2001, 137-216.
[13]	马玉波, 吴时国, 张功成, 等.南海北部陆缘深水区礁相碳酸盐岩的地球物理特征[J].中国石油大学学报:自然科学版, 2009, 33(4):33-39. http://d.old.wanfangdata.com.cn/Periodical/sydxxb200904007 MA Yubo, WU Shiguo, ZHANG Gongcheng, et al. Geophysical characteristics of biohermal carbonate in the northern margin deep water area of South China Sea[J]. Journal of China University of Petrleum, 2009, 33(4):33-39. http://d.old.wanfangdata.com.cn/Periodical/sydxxb200904007
[14]	Zhao Q, Wu S G, Xu H et al. Sedimentary facies and evo- lution of aeolianites on Shidao Island, Xisha Islands (Paracel Islands)[J]. Chinese Journal of Oceanology and Limnology, 2011, 29:398-413. doi: 10.1007/s00343-011-0018-6
[15]	Zhu Weilin, Xie Xinong, Wang Zhenfeng et al. New insights on the origin of the basement of the Xisha Uplift, South China Sea[J]. Science China Earth Science, 2017, 60:2214-2222. doi: 10.1007/s11430-017-9089-9
[16]	Yi L, Jian Z, Liu X et al. Astronical tuning and magnetostratigraphy of Neogene biogenic reefs in the Xisha Islands, South China Sea[J]. Science Bulletin, 2018, 63: 564-573. doi: 10.1016/j.scib.2018.04.001
[17]	王崇友.西沙群岛晚第三纪超微化石及其地质意义[J], 中国地质科学院地质研究所所刊. 1985(11):81-100. http://www.wanfangdata.com.cn/details/detail.do?_type=perio&id=HY000002240428 WANG Chongyou. Neogene Nannofossils from the Yongxing Island of the Xisha Islands in South China Sea and their Significance[J]. Bulletin of the Institute of Geology Chinese Academy of Geological Sciencesm, 1985(11):81-100. http://www.wanfangdata.com.cn/details/detail.do?_type=perio&id=HY000002240428
[18]	张明书.西沙群岛西永1井礁相第四纪地层的划分[J].海洋地质与第四纪地质, 1990, 10(2):57-64. http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFD1990-HYDZ199002006.htm ZHANG Mingshu. Quaternary Reef Stratigraphic Division in Hole Xiyong-1[J]. Marine Geology & Quaternary Geology, 1990, 10(2):57-64. http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFD1990-HYDZ199002006.htm
[19]	朱伟林, 王振峰, 米立军, 等.南海西沙西科1井层序地层格架与礁生长单元特征[J].地球科学, 2015, 40 (4):677-687. http://d.old.wanfangdata.com.cn/Periodical/dqkx201504009 ZHU Weilin, WANG Zhenfeng, MI Lijun et al. Sequence Stratigraphic Framework and Reef Growth Unit of Well Xike-1 from Xisha Islands, South China Sea[J]. Earth Science, 2015, 40(4):677-687. http://d.old.wanfangdata.com.cn/Periodical/dqkx201504009
[20]	Shao L, Li Q, Zhu W et al. Neogene carbonate platform development in the NW South China Sea: Litho-, bio- and chemo-stratigraphic evidence[J]. Marine Geology, 2017, 385:233-243. doi: 10.1016/j.margeo.2017.01.009
[21]	王振峰, 时志强, 张道军, 等.西沙群岛西科1井中新统-上新统白云岩微观特征及成因[J].地球科学—中国地质大学学报, 2015, 40(4):633-644. http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTotal-DQKX201504004.htm WANG Zhenfeng, SHI Zhiqiang, ZHANG Daojun et al. Microscopic features and genesis for Miocene to Pliocene dolomite in Well Xike-1, Xisha Islands[J]. Earth science—Journal of China University of Geosciences, 2015, 40 (4): 633-644. http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTotal-DQKX201504004.htm
[22]	Yu K, Zhao J. Coral reefs[M]//In: Wang P, Li Q, eds. The South China Sea: Paleoceanography and Sedimentology.Springer, 2009: 229-255.
[23]	吴时国, 袁圣强.世界深水油气勘探进展与我国南海深水油气前景[J].天然气地球科学, 2005, 16(6):693-699. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-1926.2005.06.002 WU Shiguo, YUAN Shengqiang. Advance of Exploration and Petroleum Geological Features of Deep-Water Hydrocarbon in the World[J]. Natural Gas Geoscience, 2005, 16(6):693-699. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-1926.2005.06.002
[24]	Fournier F, Borgomano J, Montaggioni L F. Development patterns and controlling factors of Tertiary carbonate buildups: Insights from high-resolution 3D seismic and well data in the Malampaya gas field (Offshore Palawan, Philippines)[J]. Sedimentary Geology, 2005, 175(1-4):189-215. doi: 10.1016/j.sedgeo.2005.01.009
[25]	张功成, 米立军, 吴时国, 等, 深水区-南海北部大陆边缘盆地油气勘探新领域[J].石油学报, 2007, 28(2): 15-21. http://www.wanfangdata.com.cn/details/detail.do?_type=perio&id=trqdqkx200705004 ZHANG Gongcheng, MI Lijun, WU Shiguo, et al. Deepwater area —the new prospecting targets of northern continental margin of South China Sea[J]. Acta Petrolei Sinica, 2007, 28(2):15-21. http://www.wanfangdata.com.cn/details/detail.do?_type=perio&id=trqdqkx200705004
[26]	吴时国, 袁圣强, 董冬冬, 等.南海北部深水区中新世生物礁发育特征[J].海洋与湖沼, 2009, 40(2): 117-121. doi: 10.3321/j.issn:0029-814X.2009.02.002 WU Shiguo, YUAN Shengqiang, DONG Dongdong, et al. The Miocene Reef Development Characteristics in Northern South China Sea[J]. Oceanologia et Limnologia Sinica, 2009, 40(2):117-121. doi: 10.3321/j.issn:0029-814X.2009.02.002
[27]	Zhao Q, Wu S, Xu H, et al. Sedimentary facies and evolution of aeolianites on Shidao Island, Xisha Islands[J]. Chinese Journal of Oceanology and Limnology. 2011, 29(2): 398-413. doi: 10.1007/s00343-011-0018-6
[28]	张明书, 何起祥, 韩春瑞.西沙礁相第四纪地质[M]//海洋地质研究所集刊(一).济南: 山东科技出版社, 1987. ZHANG Mingshu, HE Qixiang, HAN Chunrui. Quaternary Geology of Xisha Reef Facies[M]//Collection of Research of the Institute of Marine Geology(I), Jinan: Shandong Science and Technology Publishing House, 1987.
[29]	张明书, 何起祥, 韩春瑞.我国晚更新世风成石灰岩地层剖面及其古环境、古气候浅析[J].海洋地质与第四纪地质, 1987, 7(2): 25-38. http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTotal-HYDZ198702004.htm ZHANG Mingshu, HE Qixiang, HAN Chunrui.A stratigraphic profile of late Pleistocene eolian biocal carenite in China and its preliminary analysis of ancient environments and ancient climate[J]. Marine Geology & Quaternary Geology, 1987, 7 (2): 25-38. http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTotal-HYDZ198702004.htm
[30]	沈星.南海西沙石岛西科1井岩心矿物学特征及成岩作用分析[D].中国海洋大学, 2014. SHEN Xing.Mineralogical features and diagenesis of carbonate rocks in the core SK-1 on shidao island of xisha archipelago, South China Sea[D]. Ocean University of China, 2014.
[31]	Shao L, Li Q, Zhu W, et al. Neogene carbonate platform development in the NW South China Sea: Litho-, bio- and chemo-stratigraphic evidence[J]. Marine Geology, 2017, 385:233-243. doi: 10.1016/j.margeo.2017.01.009
[32]	Ma Y, Wu S, Lu C, et al. Seismic characteristic and development of the Xisha carbonate platforms, northern margin of the South China Sea[J]. Journal of Asian Earth Science, 2011, 40:770-783. doi: 10.1016/j.jseaes.2010.11.003
[33]	Wu S, Yang Z, Wang D, et al. Architecture, development and geological control of the Xisha carbonate platforms, northwestern South China Sea[J]. Marine Geology, 2014, 350:71-83. doi: 10.1016/j.margeo.2013.12.016