Sedimentary facies and environmental evolution of the Yangtze shoal, eastern China Sea shelf since Late Pleistocene: Evidence from core YZ05
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摘要:
2014年在东海陆架扬子浅滩水深41.5 m处钻获进尺80 m的YZ05孔，该孔沉积相方面的研究成果虽然已经发表过，但略显简单，结合新获得的有孔虫鉴定结果和指示海陆环境变化的Sr/Ba比值，仍有必要对沉积相进行更为精细的研究。根据沉积物颜色、粒度、沉积结构和构造、接触关系和所含化石，共识别出河道-边滩相（F1）、河漫滩相（F2）、泥质潮滩相（F3）、河口湾前缘相（F4）、潮流沙脊相（F5）、脊间潮道相（F6）、分流河道沙坝相（F7）、分流河道相（F8）、远端三角洲前缘相（F9）以及前三角洲相（F10）十种类型。通过相组合与相序列分析，并辅以选择性提取方法获得的可交换态Sr/Ba比值，识别出退积型的河口湾序列和进积型的三角洲序列，它们与冰后期长江三角洲具有相似的沉积层序。AMS14C测年和光释光测年数据指示YZ05孔属于晚更新世以来的沉积。扬子浅滩的物质基础是晚更新世的三角洲堆积体，在全新世早期海面快速上升背景下，堆积成潮流沙脊，改造后形成潮流沙席。
Abstract:A 80 m long core, i.e. the Core YZ05, taking from the Yangtze shoal at the inner shelf of Eastern China Sea, is carefully studied by this paper. Although some preliminary results have been published before, it is still necessary to reexamine the interpretation concerning sedimentary facies and the previous models with the newly acquired information. Based on color, grain size, sedimentary texture and structure, contact relationship and fossils, the Late Pleistocene and Holocene succession of the core YZ05 can be classified into ten environmentally significant facies, which include fluvial channel-point bar (F1), overbank (F2), muddy tidal flat (F3), estuary front (F4), tidal sandy ridge (F5), inter-ridge channel(F6), distributary channel bar (F7), distributary channel (F8), distal delta front (F9) and prodelta (F10). Through the analysis of facies association and facies sequences, with the support of Sr/Ba ratios, a retrogradational estuary sequence and a progradational detaic sequence are recognized, which are similar to the post glacial sequences in the Yangtze River delta. AMS14C and OSL dating suggest that the deposits penetrated by Hole YZ05 are younger than Late Pleistocene. Then the Yangtze Shoal is sourced from the Late Pleistocene deltaic deposits reworked by tidal current.
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Key words:
- sedimentary facies /
- ancient delta /
- ancient estuary /
- Sr/Ba ratio /
- the Yangtze shoal
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表 1 YZ05钻孔AMS 14C 测年数据[17]
Table 1. Accelerator Mass Spectrometry（AMS）ages of organic sediments and shell samples from the core YZ05
Beta实验室编号 采样深度/m AMS14C惯常年龄/aBP 日历年龄/cal.aBP 测年材料 内插年龄 2σ年龄 416391 0.14 6980±30 7475 7425～7540 贝壳 423299 2.35 7700±30 8165 8115～8210 贝壳 59493 6.0 27377 29315 29167～29462 泥质沉积物 416392 7.17 7420±30 7905 7825～7940 贝壳 59494 12.09 30035±253 32140 31918～32361 泥质沉积物 59495 18.08 34210±420 36810 36328～37292 泥质沉积物 59582 24.08 34474±482 37066 36546～37585 泥质沉积物 59496 30.11 30364±264 32407 32169～32644 泥质沉积物 416393 35.86 ＞43500 — — 贝壳 416394 41.15 ＞43500 — — 贝壳 59230 50.36 ＞47000 — — 丽蚌碎片 
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表 2 YZ05钻孔不同沉积相单元中的Sr/Ba比值
Table 2. Sr/Ba ratio of sedimentary facies from core YZ05
沉积环境 沉积相单元 深度范围/m 样品数 平均 最大 最小 潮控陆架 潮流沙脊与脊间潮道 0～12.5 41 6.29 11.63 1.61 古三角洲I期 远端三角洲前缘 12.5～19.4 13 8.68 10.24 5.55 古三角洲II期 水下分流河道 19.4～39.0 27 7.62 12.64 3.13 远端三角洲前缘 39.0～40.5 60 8.86 10.10 5.77 古三角洲III期 水上分流河道 40.5～51.9 6 3.66 9.04 0.80 前三角洲 51.9～57.8 53 8.24 12.82 5.84 古河口湾 河口湾前缘 57.8～60.8 9 6.01 9.80 4.90 泥质潮滩 60.8～62.4 8 5.28 6.00 4.03 古河流 河漫滩 62.4～72.3 9 3.79 5.63 2.02 河道-边滩 72.3～80.2 34 1.69 3.22 0.73
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